일본어 습득에 미치는 학습자 심리유형의 영향에 관한 연구

신은정 동덕여자대학교 2009 국내박사

Rather than comprehensively dealing with features of the cognitive and definitive learning processes of students, there were many cases in which studies on learner factors in second language acquisition research dealt independently with the influence of specific factors that were believed to be related to language studies. However, because the factors related to the individuality of students interact in an organic relationship, rather than acting independently, in the process of acquiring a language, it has been difficult to find a common trait that could be applied to various learners from studies that dealt independently with specific factors. In addition, the fact that student factor studies so far were unable to provide theoretical evidence, but instead focused on cognitive elements that are easy to observe and measure, overlooked the definitive features implicated within the student and were unable to consider the individuality of the cognitive system from multiple perspectives. Thus, it has been unable to provide sufficient evidence to explain the diversity of the process of acquiring a foreign language. Thus, the objective of this study is to prove that the psychological features individually contained in students can in fact comprehensively explain the definitive and cognitive factors, and is also to provide a theoretical basis for developing a student-centered teaching theory by examining how these features influence the process of acquiring the Japanese language. This paper is made up of six main parts. Chapter 1 explains the meaning and need for learner-oriented education and examines the features and categorization methods of its ensuing learner feature research. In chapter 2, preceding studies on second language acquisition were outlined by categorizing them as the learner’s cognitive factors, definitive factors and personality factors. In result, it was identified that the different factors did not function independently for second language acquisition, but had an organic relationship with reciprocal influence over each other. Chapter 3 describes the need to comprehensively identify the student factors for foreign language education based on the observations of preceding studies. It also explains that the psychological type features of students provide useful concepts for explaining the cognitive system features of students and the interrelation of the different factors. In chapter 4, the correlation of the student’s psychological type, motivation to learn and preferred type of learning was examined in order to learn what kind of influence the student’s psychological type features have on learning Japanese. Results showed that that the form of learning preferred by students had a high correlation with the psychological type features of the cognitive stage in which information is received. In chapter 5, the correlation between the study strategy trends used cognitively by students and the psychological type features of students were analyzed. Results showed that in the event that the main function of the student’s psychological behavior was sensual or intuitive, there was a clear tendency for using study strategies. It was evident that there were differences in using studying strategies depending on the features (extroverted or introverted) of concentrating their attention. In chapter 6, the correlation of the Japanese language learner’s grammatical and conversational performance, and the psychological type features were examined to verify whether there were psychological type features of students that were advantageous in attaining higher performance for acquiring Japanese. Results showed that sensual functions and thought functions applied in favor of better performance in grammar. Through the results attained in this study, it is evident that understanding the student psychology type features provide very useful information for not only predicting the student’s responses to various learning and teaching methods during the process of acquiring foreign languages, but also for presenting effective learning methods for different students in terms of promoting voluntary studying among students. 지금까지 제2언어습득연구에서 이루어져 온 학습자요인 연구는 학습자의 인지적이고 정의적인 학습과정의 특성을 포괄적으로 다루기 보다는 언어학습과 관련 있다고 생각되는 특정요인의 영향을 독립적으로 다루는 일이 많았다. 그러나 학습자의 개별성과 관련된 요인들은 언어를 습득해 가는 과정에서 독립적으로 작용하기보다는 서로가 유기적인 관계를 가지고 상호적으로 작용하기 때문에 특정요인만을 독립적으로 다룬 연구결과로부터 다양한 학습자에게 적용 가능한 보편성을 발견하기가 어려웠다. 또한 지금까지의 학습자요인 연구가 이론적인 근거를 제시하기 어렵다는 점에서 학습자의 정의적 요인보다는 관찰과 측정이 용이한 인지적 요인을 중심으로 이루어져 왔기 때문에 학습자에게 내재되어 있는 정의적 특성의 역할을 간과하고 인지체계의 개별성을 다각적으로 고려하지 못함으로 해서 외국어 습득과정의 다양성을 설명하기 위한 충분한 근거를 마련할 수 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 학습자에게 개별적으로 내재되어 있는 심리유형적 특성이 학습자의 정의적이고 인지적인 요인의 상호관계를 포괄적으로 설명할 수 있는 개념임을 밝히고 이러한 특성이 일본어 습득과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는 것을 통해 학습자중심 교수이론 개발에 이론적 근거를 제공하기 위함에 있다. 본 논문은 크게 6장으로 구성되어 있다. 제1장에서는 학습자중심 교육의 의미와 필요성을 기술하고 그와 함께 대두된 학습자요인연구의 특성과 분류방법을 조사하였다. 제2장에서는 지금까지 제2언어습득 연구에서 이루어져 온 학습자요인에 관한 선행연구를 크게 학습자의 인지적요인, 정의적 요인 성격적 요인으로 나누어 개관하였다. 그 결과 각각의 요인들이 제2언어 습득에 독립적으로 작용하기 보다는 유기적인 관계를 가지며 상호적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제3장에서는 선행연구의 고찰을 바탕으로 외국어를 교육하는데 있어 학습자요인을 포괄적으로 파악하는 것의 필요성을 기술하고 학습자의 심리유형적 특성을 이해하는 것이 학습자의 인지체계의 특성과 각 요인들의 상호관계를 규명하는데 유용한 개념을 제공하고 있음을 기술하였다. 제4장에서는 일본어 습득과정에 학습자의 심리유형적 특성이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 학습자의 심리유형과 학습동기 및 선호하는 학습형태와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과 학습자가 선호하는 학습형태가 정보를 받아들이는 인식단계의 심리유형적 특성과 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제5장에서는 학습자가 인지적으로 사용하는 학습전략의 경향과 학습자의 심리유형적 특성과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 학습자의 심적태도의 주기능이 감각기능이거나 직관기능인 경우 학습전략 사용에 있어 뚜렷한 경향성을 보였으며, 학습자가 주의를 집중하는 특성(외향이나 내향)에 따라서도 학습전략 사용에 있어 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제6장에서는 일본어 학습 성취도에 유리한 학습자의 심리유형적 특성이 있는지 알아보기 위해 일본어 학습자의 문법 및 회화 성취도와 심리유형적 특성과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과 감각기능이나 사고기능이 문법성취도에 유리하게 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 통해 학습자의 심리유형적 특성을 이해하는 것이 외국어 습득과정에서의 다양한 학습형태와 교수법에 대한 학습자의 반응을 예측하는 데 있어 매우 중요할 뿐만이 아니라 교사가 학습자의 자율적인 학습을 유도하는데 있어서도 각각의 학습자에게 효과적인 학습법을 제시하는데 매우 유용한 정보를 제공해 줌을 알 수 있었다. 外国語を習得するということは長い時間を必要とする連続性のあるものである。人は生涯にわたって様々な学習過程の中で自分とは異なるものの存在を認知し、それを理解するという過程を通じて成長していく。このように、外国語学習も異なる文化、異なる思想、新しい言語に対する経験を通して絶えず成長と淘汰を繰り返していく過程と言えよう。しかしながら、学習者が長期間にわたって、新しい情報を受け入れ、それに適応していく状況においても情報を認知して処理する心理的な特性は一貫性を持って働いているということに対する気づきがこの論文執筆の切っ掛けとなった。ところが、目に見えない学習者の心理を類推し、それを記述することは、まるで当てもなく砂漠を彷徨っているかのように長くて険しい旅のようであった。それゆえ、多くの先生方のご指導とご助言がなければ、この論文は一歩も踏み出せなかったに違いない。 本論文の執筆にあたっては、多くの先生方にご指導を賜った。 まず、指導教授の李徳奉先生に感謝を申し上げる。李徳奉先生には、論文の構想段階から最終稿までの長期にわたって綿密なご指導をいただいた。それだけではなく、学部の時から大学院まで、常に、成長の原動力となるご助言をくださった親のような存在である。李先生のご指導とお考えに触れながら、研究を含めたすべてのことに関して物事の本質や異面を掴むことの大切さを学んだ。 次に論文審査委員の先生方に感謝を申し上げる。まず、論文審査委員長を引き受けてくださった中央大学校の任栄哲先生には、論文の全体的な構成、表記法などに関して、詳しくご教示をいただいた。啓明大学校の洪珉杓先生には、内容記述上の問題点や表とグラフの書き方など、細部まで目を通していただき、論文の歪みを修正するに必要な方向性を提示していただいた。同徳女子大学の奥山先生には統計処理や用語の問題、表現の不備などに関するご指摘を頂き、本論文をより分かりやすくするための方法を提示していただいた。同じく同徳女子大学の金栄敏先生には論文の章立て、論理展開の問題点などを指摘して頂き、また、研究課題を明らかにするための方向性を提案していただいた。 論文審査委員の先生方以外にも多くの先生にお世話になった。 まず、お茶の水女子大学の森山新先生に感謝のお言葉を申し上げる。森山先生には本論文の執筆の初期段階で研究課題設定の歪みなどに関する指導を賜った。本研究の方向を決める過程において、多様な研究方法を接することができたのも、先生のおかげである。また、同徳女子大学校の金東秀先生、盧英姫先生、尹福姫先生、鄭昌石先生にも感謝を申し上げる。 研究そして研究以外のことで悩んでいた時にも、絶えず応援してくださった先生方の支えがなければ、論文は完成しなかったと思う。その他にも、鮮文大学校の安容柱先生、韓国外国語大学校の金漢植先生にも日ごろの愛顧に感謝を申し上げる。 それから、本論文は次の方のご協力をいただいた。まず、MBTI検査やアンケート調査に協力してくださった306名の同徳女子大学の日本語科学部生をはじめ金英淑先生、尹明鉉先生、金琁姫先生、李鉉沃先生、尹福姫先生、鄭昌石先生、金栄敏先生、学科事務室の鄭眞さんにも、この場をお借りしてもう一度感謝の意を表したいと思う。そして、最終稿の日本語表現を細部までチェックしてくださった佐野澄子さんにも心から感謝のお言葉を申し上げる。また、出産の直前まで私のためにこの論文を初期段階から最終稿まで何度も目を通し、意味の分からない部分や日本語の間違いを指摘及び訂正してくれた友人の金世恩さんには言葉で表現できないほど、感謝の気持ちでいっぱいである。それから、20年近く変わりない友情で、論文執筆の過程を見守ってくれた友達の盧世銀、鄭虎峻にも感謝の心を表したいと思う。 最後に、いつも支えになってくれた家族に感謝したい。両親の愛情がなければ、本論文は完成しなかったと思う。

피부건강관리에 대한 여고생들의 지식, 태도 및 실천행위

신은정 영남대학교 환경보건대학원 2007 국내석사

國家 道敎 成立考

신은정 延世大學校 大學院 1989 국내석사

송기원 소설의 모자갈등 연구

신은정 중앙대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

This study is based on the novel of Song Ki-Won, focusing on twisted relationship between a mother and its son in absence of its father’s authority, and finding out how those facts facilitate a destruction of family. The relationship between mother and son was investigated in order to find how a loss of authority of patriarch affected to a construction of the novel’s view on its own world. However, in Song Ki-won’s work, the relationship between mother and son makes difference to other novels which are describing the loss of authority of father by indicating some reconciliation issues. In the works of 2000s, he has indicated the image of woman as a human being, which is based on understanding of mother. He put behind his idea about dichotomy of woman, ‘prostitute or mother’, which was shown in his early work, and described woman as one human being, therefore he avoided his own stereotypical view, and took another step for completion. A loss of father’s authority is a one of repetitive concept widely shown in novels about growth, because of modern Korean history, which could be described by colonization and tragic division. This concept induces a conflict between mother and its son, not only in Song Ki-Won’s work, but as well as elder generation like Kim Won-Ill, Kim Ju-Young, Lee Chung-Jun. In their stories, the concept introduced a twisted relationship between other family members and conflict against mother. The investigation on meaning and position of mother under the concept above has not widely investigated. It is because there had been investigations about father’s position. However, mother replaces father’s position and role when he is in absence. If father causes a problem, mother is at the center of the problem. In his novels, levels of the conflicts have been changed depends on the time, and it was reflected on the method of his writing. Therefore his text can be as the best suitable case for the investigation of the relationship between mother and its son. This report proved Song ki-won’s view on his world without the father’s authority according to his early novels, and investigate how the image of mother was twisted from relationship written in his autobiographical novel. From those factors, in article 1, an importance of study on the relationship between the mother and the son was emphasized. Moreover, in article 2, it indicated that, according to the novels ‘Going to you, coming to me’ and ‘meditation about woman’, the conflict between mother and son was extended to self-hate and conflict against woman. Also, this report discusses about how the author’s twisted image on woman had affected the view on his novel. On the other hand, Song Ki-Won has searched a method in order to solve the conflict and took an attitude for reconciliation, and finally, he was able to describe mother as one human being, but not an object for the conflict. Compared to his original idea about woman, ‘prostitute or mother’, it was an epochal development. According to this, this report investigated a meaning and value of Song Ki-Won’s image of woman to Korean novel, in order to refresh the position and role of woman in modern era. In traditional patriarchal and capitalistic system, woman never had been at the center. Numerous women authors and feminist critics have tried to push the woman’s place into center, but mostly, it is still done by women only, and that is why male author, Song Ki-Won, captured women’s democratic issues and describe that. Song Ki-Won succeed reconciliation literary with mother, and was able to balance his view on his world, and wide the view on reality. Novel’s images on woman and world, recognition of woman and reality have close relationship between each other. Novel is a story of conflict, but there should be more than that. Also, in order to write a ‘good’ novel, a wide recognition of reality and balancing life are required. From that, Song Ki-Won’s conflict and reconciliation with mother could be said as a process of obtain what’s required to write a good novel. 본 연구는 송기원의 소설을 중심으로 부권부재 상황의 여러 특징 중에서 특히 모자관계의 왜곡에 초점을 맞추어 아버지의 부재가 어떤 방식으로 모자갈등을 유발하고 그것이 어떤 방식으로 가족의 해체를 촉진시키는지를 살펴보았다. 모자갈등 연구를 통해 부권부재가 소설의 여성관 및 세계관 형성에 미치는 영향을 연구하려 한 것이다. 그러나 송기원 소설의 모자갈등은 화해 지향적이라는 점에서 여타의 부권부재 소설들과 구분된다. 예를 들어, 00년대 들어와 송기원의 소설이 보여주는 ‘민중으로서의 여성상’은 어머니에 대한 작가의 깊이 있는 이해를 그 기반으로 두고 있는 것이다. 어머니에 대한 이 같은 이해는 송기원이 관념적 조작의 세계관에서 벗어나 소설의 완성도를 높이는 데 기여했다는 점에서 그 첫 번째 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 부권부재는 식민과 분단이라는 한국 근대사의 특수성으로 인해 우리의 성장소설에서 자주 반복되는 모티프로서, 모자관계와 어머니상의 왜곡을 불러일으키는 모자갈등의 유발기제라고 할 수 있다. 비단 송기원의 소설에서뿐만이 아니다. 송기원의 선배 작가 세대인 김원일, 김주영, 이청준의 소설에서도 부권부재는 모자관계를 왜곡하고, 어머니와의 갈등을 유발했다. 하지만 아직까지 우리 소설에서 부권부재 상황 아래 어머니의 의미와 역할에 대한 연구는 제대로 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 주로 아버지의 의미와 역할을 분석하는 데만 치중해왔기 때문이다. 그러나 아버지가 부재할 경우, 그 자리를 대체하는 것은 다름 아닌 어머니이다. 부권부재의 상황을 보다 심도 있게 연구하기 위해서는 어머니에 대한 이해가 필수인 것이다. 이 같은 상황에서 송기원의 소설은 시기별로 모자갈등의 정도가 다르고, 그것이 작품의 창작방법론에까지 반영되어있다는 점에서 모자갈등 연구의 가장 적절한 텍스트라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 본론 1에서 초기소설을 중심으로 송기원이 지닌 부권부재의 세계관을 증명하고, 자전적 성장소설을 통해 그것이 시대적 맥락이 아님을 분명히 했다. 더불어 부권부재가 어떻게 어머니상의 왜곡을 불러일으켰는지를 상호연관관계 속에서 분석함으로써 부권부재 상황 아래서 모자갈등 연구의 중요성을 강조했다. 본론 2에서 장편소설 『너에게 가마 나에게 오라』와 『여자에 관한 명상』을 기본으로 본론 1의 모자갈등이 자기혐오와 여성과의 갈등으로 확대됐음을 지적하고, 여성관의 왜곡이 세계관에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 논의하기 위해서였다. 그렇지만 송기원은 꾸준히 갈등극복의 방안을 모색하고, 화해지향의 태도를 유지함으로써 결국에는 어머니를 갈등의 대상이 아닌 한 사람의 인간으로 묘사할 수 있게 되었다. 이것은 초기 ‘어머니 또는 창녀’로 이분화 되어있던 송기원 소설의 여성상과 비교해 매우 획기적인 발전이다. 이에 본고는 『사람의 향기』에 등장하는 송기원의 민중적 여성상이 우리 소설에 지니는 의미와 가치를 연구함으로써 오늘날 여성의 사회적 위치와 위상을 재조명하려 시도했다. 전통적인 가부장 사회와 남성 중심의 자본주의 사회에서 여성은 항상 주변인이었다. 많은 여성 작가와 페미니스트 비평가들이 여성의 위치를 외곽에서 중심으로 이동시키려 노력하고 있지만 아직까지는 그것이 여성 내부의 움직임일 뿐이다. 남성 작가인 송기원이 여성의 민중성을 포착하고 그것을 묘사하는 것이 의미 있는 것은 바로 그 때문이다. 송기원은 소설을 통해 어머니와의 문학적 화해에 성공함으로써 세계관의 균형을 찾고, 현실인식의 시야를 넓힐 수 있었다. 소설의 여성관과 세계관, 여성인식과 현실인식은 밀접한 상호연관성을 지니고 있기 때문이다. 소설은 갈등의 문학이지만 갈등만으로는 소설을 쓸 수 없다. 더군다나 좋은 소설을 쓰기 위해서는 폭넓은 현실인식과 삶의 균형 감각이 필요하다. 그런 의미에서, 송기원의 어머니와의 갈등과 화해라는 문학적 여정은 작가가 폭넓은 현실인식과 균형 감각을 획득하는 과정이었다고도 볼 수 있을 것이다.

중등미술교육에서 포트폴리오의 활용과 중요성 : arts propel을 중심으로

신은정 부산대학교 2007 국내석사

The purpose of this article is to study about Art's Portfolio, figure out art class' teaching-learning model from Arts PROPEL's Portfolio course, make a next plan and introduce an importance of Portfolio. These are the study contents and methods. 1. This study researched meaning and application of Portfolio. And then we found Portfolio is not only important in art but also other fields. 2. This study researched history of Howard Gardner's Arts PROPEL studying, methods and result of it. Through it's result, we recognized important of art's course by creation, perception and reflection - Arts PROPEL emphasis. And it presented studying method of PROPEL Portfolio - keep all recording of studying course, gathered it's final work and reflection, recording sheets. 3. This study analyzed necessity, importance of Portfolio by finding the work-method in 7th Curriculum, researching limit of Art mark tool. 4. We presented applications of Portfolio - Art work, mark-tool, expression course, figured out teaching-learning model from Arts PROPEL studying method. This model is for the student of middle school, 3rd grade. And it focused on folk painting to interest in it. We need a time to explane data of Portfolio and class planning specifically for this study. And make a plan of teaching-learning appreciation so that students study lessons more spontaneously. Because this lesson is more important communicating with students than teacher's preparing. And making a plan needs specific plans for total study. Research results for this purpose- important of Portfolio- are as follows 1. Students play their work and make a work more spontaneously by using Portfolio. 2. Students show a high level work, more fast working speed, because of conclusion of work-course tells us good and bad point. 3. We can have a confidence and find new value in art's work by communicating with other teachers and companies. 4. Its help to students to develop their ability by the things - show their art's works, self-estimate. These works need a repetition and long time, to have many effect. And we need to study about teaching-methods, study datas and exercises for Portfolio lessons.

마취회복실 간호를 경험한 성인환자 간호요구도 조사

신은정 중앙대학교 건강간호대학원 2015 국내석사

본 연구는 수술 후 마취회복실 간호를 경험한 성인 환자의 간호요구를 조사하여 마취회복실의 질적 간호를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2015년 4월22일부터 5월22일까지이며, 연구 참여자는 경기도에 소재한 일개 상급종합병원의 마취회복실에서 회복간호를 경험한 성인 환자 144명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 김은경의 연구인 회복실 환자 간호요구도에 사용된 연구도구와 임정미의 연구인 척추마취 노인 수술환자의 회복실 간호요구에 사용된 도구를 참고하여 수정 보완하였다. 도구는 신체적 간호요구 10문항, 정서적 간호요구 6문항, 교육적 간호요구 10문항, 환경적 간호요구 7문항, 회복과정 중 가장 힘든 점 1문항, 기타 1문항으로 구성되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS v. 21.0 통계프로그램으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 참여자의 일반적 특성과 수술 및 마취 관련 특성 연구 참여자들의 성별은 여자가 86명(59.7%)로 많았고, 평균 연령은 48.7세로 40세에서 49세가 40명(27.8%)으로 가장 많았다. 수술 경험이 있는 사람은 87명(60.4%)이었고, 마취경험이 있는 사람은 90명(62.5%)으로 전신마취 경험이 75명(70.8%)으로 가장 많았다. 수술 및 마취 관련 특성은 수술 전 입원 기간이 평균 1.2일이었으며, 수술 평균 시간은 99.67±85.12분이었고, 0~60분 55명(38.2%), 61~120분 53명(36.8%) 순이었다. 마취 종류는 전신마취가 98명(68.1%)으로 척추마취보다 많았으며, 마취회복실 체류 시간은 평균 52.21±18.79분으로 31~60분이 102명(70.8%)으로 가장 많았다. PCA(Patient Controlled Analgesia, 자가 통증조절장치)사용은 78명(54.2%)이었다. 2) 참여자의 간호요구 참여자의 간호요구는 평균 4.11±0.45점으로 나타났다. 신체적 간호 요구는 4.14±0.55점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 교육적 간호요구 4.13±0.62점, 환경적 간호요구 4.12±0.61점, 정서적 간호 요구 4.02 ±0.54점의 순으로 나타났다. 3) 참여자의 일반적 특성과 수술 및 마취 관련 특성에 따른 간호요구 참여자의 일반적 특성에 따른 간호요구는 성별(t=5.458, p<.05), 결혼 상태(F=5.100, p<.05)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 참여자의 수술 및 마취 관련 특성에 따른 간호요구는 마취종류(t=9.112, p<.05), 수술 소요시간(F=5.043, p<.05), PCA부착(t=1.996, p<.05)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 수술 후 마취회복실 간호를 경험한 성인 환자의 간호요구를 파악할 수 있었으며, 마취회복실의 질적 간호제공을 위한 자료로 도움이 될 것이라 기대한다. This study aimed to investigate the nursing needs of adult patients with nursing experience in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after surgery and provide quality nursing for PACU. Data were collected from April 22 to May 22, 2015. The participants of the study were 144 adult patients who have experienced recovery care in PACU at a large general hospital in Gyeonggi-do. The instrument of this study was modified and supplemented from the instruments used by Kim et al. (2002) and Lim et al. (2012). The instrument consists of 10 items on physical nursing needs, 6 items on emotional nursing needs, 10 items on educational nursing needs, 7 items on environmental nursing needs, 1 item on the most difficult thing during recovery, and 1 item on others. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS v. 21.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) General characteristics and surgery and anesthesia related characteristics Among the participants, 86 participants (59.7%) were female and the mean age of the participants was 48.7. The highest percentage of age group was between 40 and 49 (n=40, 27.8%). With regard to experience, 87 (60.4%) had experience in surgery, 90 (62.5%) in anesthesia and 75 (70.8%) in general anesthesia. As the characteristics related to surgery and anesthesia, the mean stay in hospital before surgery was 1.2 days and the mean surgery time was 99.67±85.12 minutes. The most common surgery time was 0~60 minutes (n=55, 38.2%), followed 61~120 minutes (n=53, 36.8%). More patients were under the general anesthesia (n=98, 68.1%) than spinal anesthesia. The mean stay in PACU was 52.21±18.79 minutes, with the most in 31~60 minutes (n=102, 70.8%). Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) was used by 78 patients (54.2%). 2) Nursing needs of participants The mean score of the nursing needs of participants was 4.11±0.45. The highest score was physical nursing needs at 4.14±0.55, followed by educational nursing needs at 4.13±0.62, emotional nursing needs at 4.12±0.61 and emotional nursing needs at 4.02 ±0.54. 3) Nursing needs of participants by the general characteristics and surgery and anesthesia related characteristics As for the general characteristics of participants, it was found that there was a significant difference in nursing needs by gender (t=5.458, p<.05) and marital status (F=5.100, p<.05). With regard to the characteristics related to surgery and anesthesia, a significant difference was found in nursing needs by anesthesia type (t=9.112, p<.05), surgery time (F=5.043, p<.05) and PCA attachment (t=1.996, p<.05). This study provided an opportunity to investigate the nursing needs of adult patients with nursing experience in PACU and is expected to be of help in offering quality nursing care in PACU.

敬天寺十層石塔의 綜合的 硏究

신은정 東國大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

The ten-storied stone pagoda of Gyeondchenosa was erected in 1348 wishing peace and luck of Yuan dyanasty. The unique form and the sculpturing on the body has been drawing attention of many. The pagoda was taken to Japan in early 1900s but later returned. The damage made then was restored in 1960, but due to heavy weathering and contamination it was once again taken apart in 1995. While carefully examining the pagoda a possibility that the pagoda may have been built by a craftsman from the Yuan period was found. The tiered base of ten storied pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa is three-stories high, facing outwards in four directions(四面突出形). The shape of the tired base has its origin from the ancient Chinese stylobate-formed architecture, similar to the form found in tiered base of the Lamaist Dagoba(喇?塔). The close similarities of the plane surface between the Lamaist Dagoba(喇?塔) and pagoda of Gyeondcheonsa suggests its influence from China. The body is ten stories, influenced by the Buddhism's Avatamsaka(華嚴), where 'ten' symbolizes completeness and perfection. The base of the pagoda, the first body(1-3 floor) and the second body(4-10 floor) is in ratio of 1:2:3 adding to the sense of stability. On the tiered base, a dragon and a lion is sculpted on the bottom base. On the second base a story of a Xuanzang monk(玄裝法師) from Xiyouji novel(西遊記) of Ming period is sculptured and finally on the third base stories in connection with monks are shown. These image of Buddhism carving shown on the body of the pagoda is a total of 16 scenes, where carving such as 'three Buddhas of past, present and future' shows its influence in Buddhist painting of Joseon period and also is later set as an guideline of image. The most upper part of the pagoda(相輪部) after restoration is quite different from its original form found in the photo of 1902. It is believed that when it was first erected it had a cross-styled roof similar to the Ten storied pagoda of Wongaksagi(圓覺寺址十層石塔). The cross-styled roof is rarely seen in Korea but in China it has been popular during the Song period and throughout Ming and Qing period. This suggests that the cross-style roof has been influenced by China. As examined so far, the form of the tiered base and the cross-style roof shows influence from China while the style of the sculpturing and decoration shows features from Goryeo. Therefore, it is assumed that craftsman from Yuan dynasty took part in designing of the pagoda while actually erected by craftsman from Goryeo. The eaves of the roofs appear to have been influenced by the wooden architecture of the period which make them an important object of study of architecture of the time.

4차 산업 혁명에 따른 고용환경변화가 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자의 이직의도에 미치는 영향

신은정 동국대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

Changes in the employment environment in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution are influencing various factors, such as the emergence of new jobs and changes in the perception of employment security due to the globalization of information technology and industries. Korea's beauty service industry, where human value creation is the key, is highly dependent on human resources. It is an absolute role that satisfies customers' aesthetic desires and various needs, and it can be said to be a spokesperson representing the company It is inferred that job anxiety perception, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of employees in the beauty industry, where changes in the employment environment caused by the 4th industrial revolution have a high human dependence, will affect turnover intention. There is a lack of empirical evidence on how effective it affects job anxiety perception, organizational satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Therefore, this study aims to find out how job satisfaction, job anxiety awareness, and organizational commitment have mediating effects on turnover intention due to changes in the employment environment and industrial structure of the fourth industry recognized by beauty industry workers. In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, the structural relationship between the sustainable organizational commitment of beauty workers due to changes in the employment environment of the beauty industry and the methods necessary for conflict management in the industrial field were verified from an empirical point of view. An empirical survey was conducted targeting beauty industry workers to analyze the structural relationship between sustainable job satisfaction, job anxiety perception, and organizational commitment among beauty industry workers. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed from August 15 to September 10, 2022, and the final 604 copies were selected as samples for analysis. To prove each research hypothesis, frequency analysis, validity and eliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) WIN23.0 and an R-based statistical analysis program. The relationship between employment environment change factors on each variable and the mediating effect of job satisfaction, job anxiety recognition, and organizational commitment in the relationship between employment environment change and turnover intention were analyzed empirically. To this end, research models and hypotheses were presented with job satisfaction, job anxiety recognition, and organizational commitment as independent variables, and dependent variables as turnover intentions by examining related theoretical studies through previous studies and references. According to the analysis results of this study, the path of the effect of changes in the employment environment caused by the 4th industrial revolution on the organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees in the beauty service industry has a significant negative (-) effect, which means that changes in the employment environment As a result, it was found that it had a negative effect on the organizational commitment of beauty industry employees. The path of the effect of changes in the employment environment on the perception of job insecurity was identified as a positive (+) effect, which had a significant effect on the perception of job insecurity due to the change in the employment environment. The path of the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment has a significant positive (+) effect, and the path of the effect of job anxiety awareness on organizational commitment and the path of job satisfaction on turnover intention have a negative (-) effect. The path of the effect of job anxiety perception on turnover intention has a significant positive (+) effect, and it was found that the higher the job anxiety awareness of the beauty industry workers, the more it affects turnover intention. Until now, it is true that beauty companies have focused on sales performance, investment, and customer management rather than the working environment of workers. There is a concern about the expansion of employees' job awareness due to the changes in the employment environment of the 4th industrial revolution and the resulting conflict among beauty industry workers, so it is necessary to cope with this and establish countermeasures. This study aims to establish the identity of the beauty industry and raise a sense of community based on the analysis results that can further increase the continuous organizational commitment of beauty workers. By providing basic data for the beauty service industry in the 4th industrial era, we expect to help the development and growth of the beauty industry. The problems and research results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, according to the demographic characteristics of this study, the average number of married women aged 40 to 50 with a high school diploma is, and those with a monthly income of less than 2 to 3 million won account for the largest proportion. Second, as a result of analyzing the working patterns of the survey subjects in this study, it is the position of less than 5 directors (including the director) who are personally operated (including the director) of 20 to 30 pyeong located in an apartment complex or residential area, and the working period is more than 15 years It was found that most of them had more than 8 holidays on average and worked less than 8 to 10 hours per day on average in their career. Third, because of examining each dimension of employment environment change, job satisfaction, job insecurity, organizational commitment, and turnover intention, three factors were identified as the increase in non-regular workers, organizational structure change, and generalization of layoffs, Job satisfaction consisted of 4 factors: conscientious behavior, altruism, civic consciousness, and self-realization. Job instability consisted of 3 factors: possibility of job loss, helplessness, and wage instability. Turnover intention was classified into 10 Iitems. Fourth, it was found that the change in the employment environment had a significant negative (-) effect on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the beauty industry workers. Fifth, the path of the effect of changes in the employment environment on job insecurity was found to have a significant positive (+) effect. Sixth, the path of the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment was found to have a significant positive (+) effect. Seventh, the path of the effect of job instability on organizational commitment and the path of the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention were found to have a negative (-) effect. Eighth, the path of the effect of job instability on turnover intention was found to have a significant positive (+) effect. Ninth, the path of the effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention was found to have a significant negative (-) effect on turnover intention as organizational commitment increased. Tenth, job instability, a parameter, was found to play a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between changes in the employment environment and organizational commitment. The possibility of job loss, a sub-factor of job insecurity, was found to have no significant negative (-) effect on organizational commitment, and helplessness was found to have a significant negative (-) effect on organizational commitment. Eleventh, the influence of changes in the employment environment on turnover intention The mediating effect of organizational commitment in the example was found to be rejected. The independent variable was found to have a significant positive (+) effect, and the parameter showed a significant negative (-) effect. Twelfth, in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention, organizational commitment, a mediating variable, was found to play a statistically significant mediating role, i.e., a partial mediating role. As a result of regression analysis of the parameters of the independent variable, it was found that job satisfaction, an independent variable, had a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment, a parameter. As a result of regression analysis on the dependent variable, it was found that job satisfaction, an independent variable, had a significant negative (-) effect on the intention to change jobs, a dependent variable. As a result of regression analysis on the dependent variable, the independent variable had a significant negative (-) effect, and the parameter had a significant negative (-) effect. Both independent variables and parameters were found to have a significant effect on the dependent variable, and it was found that they were partially mediated due to their high significant degree. Thirteenth, it was found that the mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relationship between job instability and turnover intention was rejected. As a result of regression analysis on the parameters of the independent variable, it was found that job instability, an independent variable, had a significant negative (-) effect on organizational commitment, a parameter. As a result of regression analysis on the dependent variable, it was found that job instability, an independent variable, had a significant positive (+) effect on the intention to change jobs, a dependent variable. As a result of regression analysis on the dependent variable, the independent variable had a significant positive (+) effect, and the parameter had a significant negative (-) effect. Both independent variables and parameters were found to have a significant effect on the dependent variable, and the degree of significance was low, so there was no mediating effect. 4차 산업혁명 시대의 고용환경 변화는 정보기술과 산업의 세계화에 따른 새로운 일자리의 등장과 고용안정에 대한 인식의 변화 등 다양한 요인에 영향을 미치고 있다. 인적 가치 창출이 핵심인 한국의 뷰티서비스산업은 인적 자원에 대한 의존도가 높다. 이에 본 연구는 4차 산업의 고용환경 변화와 산업구조의 변화로 인해 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자들이 인식하는 직무만족, 직무불안인식, 조직몰입이 이직의도에 어떠한 매개적 효과를 미치는지 알아보고, 4차 산업혁명시대 고용환경변화로 인한 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자들의 지속가능한 조직몰입의 구조적 관계와 산업현장에서의 갈등관리에 필요한 방법을 실증적 관점에서 검증하여 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 지속가능한 직무만족과 직무불안인식, 조직몰입의 구조적 관계를 분석하기 위해 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자를 대상으로 실증조사를 실시하였다. 코로나 확산 기간인 2022년 8월 15일부터 2022년 9월 10일까지 설문조사를 위해 네이버폼과 SNS 및 매장 방문을 함께 대면조사와 비대면조사를 실시하였으며, 총 650부의 설문지를 배포하여 620부를 수거하였다. 그 중 자료로 사용하기에 부적합한 16부를 제외한 604부를 최종 데이터로 사용하여 분석자료로 표본을 선정하였다. 고용환경변화 요인이 각 변수에 미치는 영향 관계 파악과 고용환경변화와 이직의도 관계에서 직무만족과 직무불안인식 및 조직몰입이 어떠한 매개효과가 있는지 실증적 분석을 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 통해 관련된 이론적 연구를 고찰하여, 독립변수로 고용환경변화를 배개변수로 직무만족, 직무불안인식, 조직몰입을, 종속변수를 이직의도의 연구모형을 바탕으로한 연구가설은 다음과 같다. 본 연구가설에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고용환경변화는 직무만족과 직무불안인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 에서는 고용환경변황에서 직무안정과 직무불안정은 상호 비례와 반비례 영향 관계를 보여주고 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 고용환경의 변화에 따른 정리해고의 보편화와 비정규직의 증가함을 의미한다. 둘째, 고용환경변화, 직무만족, 직무불안인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가에 조직몰입은 고용환경변화, 직무만족, 직무불안정과의 관계에서 상호 영향 관계를 보여주었으며, 직무불안정은 음(-)의 영향을 보여주었다. 이는 조직몰입을 위한 기술교육과 고객서비스교육에서 직무안정성을 고려한 개인별 맞춤교육이 필요함을 시사하였다. 셋째, 직무만족, 조직몰입, 직무불안정인식은 직무만족, 직무불안 인식, 조직몰입의 직접효과는 어떠한가에 대한 변인간의 직접효과 모두 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 뷰티서비스 종사자는 조직에 대한 비전제시를 중요하게 고려하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 고용환경변화와 조직몰입에서 직무만족과 직무불안정의 매개효과는 어떠한가에 대한 영향관계에서의 간접효과는 부분매개효과를 보였다. 이는 고용환경변화에 따른 뷰티서비스 종사자의 조직에 대한 충성심, 지속적인 보상에 대한 필요성을 시사하였다. 다섯째, 고용환경변화와 이직의도에 조직몰입이 매개적인 영향을 미칠것인가에 대해 고용환경변화가 이직의도에 미치는 영향 관계예서 조직몰입의 매개적 영향은 기각되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 뷰티종사자가 이직의도가 있었을시 조직몰입이 되지않아 뷰티산업에서 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이직의도에 대한 번복을 하지 않는 것으로 시사하였다. 여섯째 직무만족, 직무불안인식 관계에서 조직몰입의 매개적인 영 향은 어떠한가에 대한 독립변수인 직무만족은 매개변수인 조직몰입에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 독립변수와 매개변수가 모두 이직의도에 부분매개의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무불안정성은 매개변수인 조직몰입에 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 직무불안인식은 이직의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 고용환경변화와 매개변수가 모두 종속변수 이직의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 뷰티산업종사자의 직무만족은 조직몰입이 중요하게 작용하고 있으며, 직무만족에 따른 조직몰입의 매개효과는 이직의도를 낮추는데 일조 하고 있다는 결과를 보여주고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 4차 산업혁명에 의한 고용환경 변화가 인적의존도가 높은 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자들의 직무불안인식과 직무만족, 조직몰입이 이직의도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추론되고 있으나 선행연구와 관련 연구의 조사결과 직무불안인식과 조직만족, 조직몰입에 어떠한 유효성을 미치는가에 대한 실증이 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 뷰티 서비스산업 종사자의 지속적인 조직몰입을 보다 높일 수 있는 분석 결과를 바탕으로 뷰티 산업의 정체성 확립과 공동체의식을 높이고 4차 산업시대 뷰티 서비스 산업에 기초자료를 제공함으로서 뷰티산업의 발전과 성장에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

콜라겐과 난백 및 식초의 복합식이가 40-60대 여성의 손등 피부와 손톱에 미치는 효과

신은정 건국대학교 대학원 2012 국내박사

리더의 성과코칭이 직원의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향 : 지각된 내부자 지위 및 심리적 안전감의 매개효과와 피드백 환경 인식의 조절효과

신은정 광운대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 리더의 성과코칭이 부하직원의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 밝히는 것이다. 성과코칭이 혁신행동에 미치는 심리적 매커니즘을 확인하고자 지각된 내부자 인식과 심리적 안전감의 매개효과 및 피드백 환경 인식의 조절 된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 추가적으로 구체적인 시사점을 제공하고자 재직기 간과 고용형태 집단에 따라 매개효과의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 위해 국내 기업에 종사하는 현직자 425명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과 성과코칭은 혁신행동에 정적인 영향을 미치며, 이 과정에서 지각 된 내부자 인식(Perceived insider statue, PIS)은 부분 매개효과를 가지는 반면 심리적 안전감은 매개효과를 갖지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 피드백 환경 인 식은 성과코칭과 심리적 안정감의 관계에서만 조절효과를 나타냈으며, 특히 성 과코칭이 낮을 때, 그 효과가 더 컸다. 그러나 피드백 환경 인식의 조절된 매개 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 추가적으로 다중 집단 분석을 실시한 결과, 재직기간 과 고용형태에 상관없이 성과코칭을 통해 직원들의 혁신행동을 높일 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 특히, 신입사원과 비정규직 직원들에게는 성과코칭을 통해 PIS를 높이는 것이 혁신행동을 촉진하는데 중요한 부분임을 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 시사점과 제한점, 향후 연구과제를 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of leader performance coaching on subordinates' innovation behavior. In order to confirm the psychological mechanism of performance coaching on innovation behavior, the mediating effect of perceived insider perception and psychological safety, and the moderated mediating effect of feedback environment perception were verified. In addition, to provide specific implications, we examined whether there is a difference in mediating effect according to the tenure and employment type group. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 425 incumbent employees working in domestic companies. As a result, it was found that performance coaching had a positive effect on innovation behavior, and the perceived insider statue(PIS) had an indirect mediating effect, whereas psychological safety did not have a mediating effect. The perception of the feedback environment showed a moderating effect only in the relationship between performance coaching and psychological stability, and particularly when performance coaching was low, the effect was greater. However, the moderated mediating effect of the perception of the feedback environment was not significant. Additional multi-group analyses have confirmed that performance coaching can increase employees' innovation behaviors regardless of their tenure and employment type, especially for new and non-regular employees, increasing PIS through performance coaching is an important part of promoting innovation. Based on these research results, implications, limitations, and future research tasks were proposed.