Aqueous Extract of Ma huang decreases Neuropeptide Y Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats

신말순,심철민,장미현,장현경,김장주,김정선,김예화 한의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.4

스포츠과학3 : 운동의 뇌세포 생성 효과: 분자생물학적 접근

신말순 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2015 스포츠과학 Vol.130 No.-

The Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Diabetes-Induced increase of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats

신말순,윤진환,김창주 한국체육교육학회 2003 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Treadmill exercise enhances motor coordination and ameliorates Purkinje cell loss through inhibition on astrocyte activation in the cerebellum of methimazoleinduced hypothyroidism rat pups

신말순,김보균,이신호,김태수,허유미,최준호,김창주,임백빈 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.2

Thyroid hormones are important for the development of the brain including the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on the survival of Purkinje neurons and the activation of astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis of hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. On the day of perinatal 14, pregnant rats were divided into two groups (n = 5 in each group):the pregnant control group and the pregnantmethimazole (MMI)-treated group. For the induction of hypothyroidism in the rat pups,MMI was added to the drinking water (0.02% wt/vol), from the day of perinatal 14 to postnatal 49. After delivery, male rat pups born from the pregnant control group were assigned to the control group. Male rat pups born from the MMI-treated group were divided into the hypothyroidism-induction group, the hypothyroidism-induction with treadmill exercise group, and the hypothyroidism-induction with thyroxine (T4) treatment group (n = 10 in each group). The rat pups in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 4 weeks, starting on postnatal day 22. In the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups,motor coordination was reduced and Purkinje cell death and reactive astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis were increased. Treadmill exercise enhanced motor coordination, increased the survival of Purkinje neurons, down-regulated reactive astrocytes, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions in the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. These results suggest that treadmill exercise has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against thyroid dysfunction by increasing T3 and T4 and the related protein, BDNF, as well as TrkB, inhibition on astrocyte activation and the reduction of Purkinje cell loss regarding the cerebellum in hypothyroidism rat pups.

Treadmill exercise alleviates depressive symptoms in rotenone-induced Parkinson disease rats

신말순,김태운,이재민,성윤희,임백빈 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.2

Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by selective loss of the dopa-minergic neurons. The symptoms of depression following PD are close-ly associated with reduced activity of the serotonergic system in the dorsal raphe. We explored the anti-depressive effect of exercise and its possible mechanism using the rotenone-induced PD rats. PD rats were induced by subcutaneously injection with rotenone for 14 days. The rats in the exercise groups were made to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day during 14 consecutive days. Forced swimming test, immunohisto-chemistry for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), tryptophan hydrox-ylase (TPH), and western blot for serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor were conducted. Injection of rotenone induced PD rats. PD rats showed de-pressive state and treadmill exercise ameliorated this depressive state. 5-HT, TPH, and 5-HT1A receptor expressions in the dorsal raphe were suppressed by rotenone injection and treadmill exercise increased the expressions of 5-HT, TPH, and 5-HT1A receptor in the rotenone-injected rats. The present results show that treadmill exercise ameliorated de-pressive symptoms in the rotenone-induced PD rats. The antidepres-sive effect of treadmill exercise might be ascribed to the enhancement of serotonergic function through upregulation of 5-HT1A expression in the dorsal raphe.

대학생의 언어행동에 관한 연구 : 부산지역·오사카지역을 중심으로

신말순 대한일어일문학회 2001 일어일문학 Vol.15 No.-

大學生を對象とした韓·日 兩國の言語行動の中から、呼び方·ほめ表現·依뢰表現について、①年長かぢうか ②親しいかどうか ③同性間かどうか ④使用頻度 ⑤性差の觀点から分析を行った。 1. 呼び方-話し手がどの呼び方を選ぶかは日本では他者との心理的距離によって決められる、一方韓國では上下關係(學年差)によって子め、決められていることがわかった。 まず日本では②について、「名字さん」は親しい相手より親しくない相手に多く用いられる。 韓國では⑤について、「형(오빠)」は男子學生が、 「∼선배」は女子學生が多く使用われる性差が明らかに現れる。 韓國でも日本語の「∼さん」と「∼くん」に當たる「∼씨」と「∼군」という語があるが、日本のように頻繁に使われない。 特に學校社會でこれらの語を耳にすることはほとんどない。 2. ほめ表現-ほめるという行爲をするかどうか調査した結果、韓國の方が日本よりほめると答える人が多かった。 まず日本では②について、「いい類」が親しい相手に多く使われる。 ③について、「行けてる」は同性に、「きれい」「澁い」は異性に對してよく使われることが見られる。 ここで興味深いのは日本語の「いい」に當たる韓國語の「좋다」はお互いに同輩に多く用いられる側面があるという点であった。 3. 依뢰表現-本稿では依뢰表現を大きくいくつの型に分類した。 日本では依뢰の對象によって依뢰表現の型が決められることがわかった。 依뢰內容の뢰重の違いでは依뢰表現の型はほとんど變わらないということであった。 言い換えれば、依뢰內容によってはただ同じ型での表現の丁寧さにだけ關與しているということであった。 一方韓國では依뢰內容によって依뢰表現の型が決められる相對的な傾向が見られる。

Vardenafil Enhances Oxytocin Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus without Sexual Stimulation

신말순,고일규,성윤희,김성은,김보균,김창주,이상원,김동희,장주현,김계환 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2010 International Neurourology Journal Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: Oxytocin is associated with the ability to form normal social attachments. c-Fos is an immediate early gene whose expression is used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in neurons. The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors on oxytocin activation in the brain without sexual stimuli has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vardenafil on oxytocin and c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of conscious rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300±10 g were divided into 6 groups (n=5 in each group): the control group, the 1-day-0.5 mg/kg, the 1-day-1 mg/kg, the 1-day-2 mg/kg, the 3-day-1 mg/kg, and the 7-day-1 mg/kg vardenafil administration group. The experiment was conducted without sexual stimulation. Vardenafil was orally administered. The animals in the control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water orally. The expression of oxytocin and c-Fos in the PVN was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Oxytocin expression in the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil appeared in a duration-dependent manner. c-Fos in the oxytocin neurons of the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil also appeared in a duration-dependent manner. These results showed that vardenafil augments the expression of oxytocin with activation of oxytocin neurons in the PVN. Conclusions: In this study, we showed that the PDE-5 inhibitor, vardenafil directly enhances oxytocin expression and also activates oxytocin neurons in the PVN, which indicates that vardenafil may exert positive effects on affiliation behavior and social interaction.

운동과 산화 스트레스

신말순,김완수,김영수,김성수 한국운동영양학회 1998 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.2 No.1

The oxygen molecules are required for the aerobic metabolism organ to produce the energy, but in the process of producing the oxygen metabolism the intermediate metabolism by-products which has toxicity on a living body can be produced. Substances which have toxicity are superoxide radical (O_2^-·), hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) and singlet oxygen (^1O_2), but among these substances, superoxide radical has one more electron of the oxygen molecules in the form of anion which plays an important role. There are several mechanisms that can potentially lead to enhanced reactive oxidative species(ROS) formation during an exercise induced oxidative stress, and that include mitochondrial origin, endothelial origin, inflammatory origin, catecholamine origin. The generation of ROS or free radicals may play an important role in the initiation and promotion of degenerative conditions. ROS are initially generated by the univalent reduction of oxygen, producing superoxide anion(O_2^-·) SOD removes O_2^-· by catalyzing a dismutation reaction, involving oxidation of one O_2^-· to oxygen and reduction of another O_2^-· to hydrogen peroxide. catalase(CAT) reduces H_2O_2 to water and oxygen. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) is generally considered the most prominent defense against H_2O_02. The scavengers in the form of molecules that can react with radical, include ascorbate, vitamin E and C, β-carotene as well as sugars, unsaturated amino acids and fatty acids. SOD is inhibited by H_2O_2, catalase and GPX by superoxide. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies conducted during the past two decades have demonstrated elevated levels of lipid peroxide by-products following acute physical activity in various species. Most studies support the contention that during strenuous exercise, generation of reactive oxidative species is elevated to level that overwhelms antioxidant defense system.

Treadmill exercise improves short-term memory by suppressing ischemia-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells in gerbils

신말순 Elsevier 2004 Neuroscience Letters Vol.372 No.3

한·일 대학생의 인사행동 : 부산지역과 東京지역을 중심으로

신말순 대한일어일문학회 1999 일어일문학 Vol.11 No.-

韓ㆍ日大學生を對象とした三つのあいさつ行動を比較ㆍ分析した. 1. 家庭でのあいさつ - 日本ではどの場面でもよくあいさつするのに對して,韓國では「朝起きて」のあいさつはほんとんどしないが, 本人の外出時のあいさつはマレ-シアㆍ臺灣ㆍ日本よりも高い數値を示している.<ことば>-日本では全場面にわたり定型性が高く,韓國では定型といえるものは少ない.<身振り>-日本では食事の前後に30%弱が「手をれせる」を選擇し,韓國では本人の外出時ㆍ歸家時ㆍ家族の外出時ㆍ歸家時に30%以上が「會釋する」を選擇して相對的な對照を示している. 2. 路上でのあいさつ - <出會い>では先生に對して,日本の大學生は會釋をしながら「こんにちは型」を,韓國の學生はおじぎをしながら「アソニョソ(안녕)型」を多用する.親しい同輩ㆍ後輩には日本は手を上げながら「感動詞型」を多く使用するが,親しくない同輩ㆍ後輩には「手を上げる」が少なくなり「こんにちは型」がくなる.また「こんにちは型」は同輩よりは後輩によく使用する特徵がみられる.これはformalな語形の選擇には年齡のみならず親疎關係も關與してくることを意味する.韓國は「アンニョン型」と「呼びかけ型」の使用が目立つが,とりわけ親しない同輩ㆍ後輩には「アンニョン型」を,親しい同輩ㆍ後輩には「呼びかけ型」な多く使用する,という違いがみとめられる.また同輩より後輩に對して「アンニョン型」が多く現れる.「手を振る」は親しい同輩に多く使われる.<別れ>の場面では,日本は先生ㆍ先輩に「さようなら型」「しつれい型」を使用する一方,韓國は「ガラ(가라)型」を使用する.また同輩ㆍ後輩に日本は「じや型」「バイバイ型」を使用し,韓國は親しい同輩ㆍ後輩には「チヤ-ルガラ」を,親しくない同輩ㆍ後輩には「アンニョン」を使用するとう特徵がみられる. 3. 出入りの時のあいさつ -韓ㆍ日兩國 とも入る時のあいさつよりは出る時のあいさつの方が多いという傾向を見せている.<性差>-韓國はどの場面でも男性の方が女性よりもよくあいさつをする.<身振り>-日本では「おじぎをする」がっとも高く,韓國では「會釋する」がもっとも高い. 一般に言われる通りことばが애찰行動の中心になっていえるものの,ことばよりもむしろ身振りよって親疎關係が表現されている.年長關係は出會いの時よりも別れの時のあいさつ行動に顯著に表われている.<性差>-日本では女性の애찰行動の方が敬度が高く,身振りを多用する傾向があるのに對して,韓國では男性の方が敬度が高く身振りを多用するという對照的なちがいみとめられる.