서울시 대기중 유기오염물질의 농도와 돌연변이원성에 대한 연구

신동천,정용,문영한,노재훈,Shin, Dong-Chun,Chung, Yong,Moon, Young-Hahn,Roh, Jae-Hoon 대한예방의학회 1990 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.23 No.1

To evaluate the difference of concentration and mutagenicity of organic pollutants between residential and traffic area of Seoul, air samples were collected in Bulkwang (residential) and Shinchon (traffic) area. Samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of extractable organic matters (EOM) and their subfractions and mutagenicities were tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured by gas-chromatography and compared between two areas. The results were as follows ; 1. While the concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) in residential area was below the environmental standard in annual average, the concentration in traffic area was above the standard and was up to its maximum $256{\mu}g/m^3$ in November. The difference of TSP concentrations in both areas of each month was statistically significant (P<0.05). 2. The concentration of fine particle in traffic area was significantly higher compare to that in residential area and showed statistically significant monthly difference in both areas (P<0.05). The proportion of concentration of fine particle to TSP was 55-68%. 3. Mean concentrations of EOM in residential and traffic areas were $4.3{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;5.3{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The proportion of amount of EOM from fine particle to EOM from TSP was 70-88%. 4. While the percentage of polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) of fine particle in Bulkwang's sample was higher compare to Shinchon's sample, the percentage of aliphatic compounds of fine particle in Shinchon's sample was higher compare to Bulkwang's sample. The percentages of PAH fraction were as low as 6-10% in both areas. 5. The mutagenic activity of nit concentration of organic matters extracted from fine particle was higher compare to that of coarse particle and was increased when metabolically activated with S9. Mutagenicities with metabolic activation calculated by unit air volume were significantly different between residential and traffic area, $17\;revertants/m^3$\;and\;22\;revertants/m^3$ respectively. 6. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in fine particle of traffic and residential areas were $3.10ng/m^3\;and\;2.02ng/m^3$ respectively. Sixteen PAHs were higher in samples of traffic area compare to residential area and also concentrations of PAHs in fine particle were higher compare to coarse particle.

서울시 일부 교통지역의 대기 부유분진 중 유기오염물질에 대한 발암 위해성 평가

신동천,정용,김종만,박성은,임영욱,Shin, Dong-Chun,Chung, Yong,Kim, Jong-Man,Park, Seong-Eun,Lim, Yong-Wook 대한예방의학회 1994 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.27 No.2

Due to rapid industrialization and economic development since 1970's, Seoul has become known as one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. This is especially because of its air pollution. This study was conducted to characterize the cancer risk from organic pollutants in the suspended particulates of Seoul. Extractable organic matter (EOM) and PAHs in Shinchon, a major traffic area, were measured monthly in two periods of Aug. $1987{\sim}sep.$ 1988, and Sep. $1990{\sim}Aug.$ 1991. While the differences both of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations between these two periods were not significant (P>0.05), the differences between heating and non-heating seasons were significant (p<0.01). The estimated mean concentrations of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene in fine particles in non-heating season were $3.98{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;0.51ng/m^3$ respectively, and in heating season were $6.75{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;2.96ng/m^3$ respectively, in these two periods combined. The calculated risk from EOM was compared with that from benzo(a)pyrene and also these values were compared with the level of acceptable risk.

Trihalomethane을 경구투여한 흰쥐조직에서 LDH의 활성도 및 Isozyme양상의 변화

신동천,Shin, Dong-Chun 대한예방의학회 1983 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.16 No.1

There has been some evidence concerning the fact that trihalomethanes(THMs), toxic chlorinated compounds, may be present in drinking water. One of the important methodologies to evaluate the toxicity of THMs is to determine enzyme alteration in experimental animal tissues after treatment. This study was intended to investigate how lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) of rat tissues is affected by administration of chloroform($CHCl_3$) and dichloromonobromomethane($CHCl_2\;Br$). THMs, high dose(1/10 LD50) or low dose(1/50 LD50) of $CHCl_3$ or $CHCl_{2}Br$ were administered orally to experimental rats for 4 or 8 weeks. The treated groups of rats were sacrificed to determine LDH specific activity and isozyme pattern in various organs which were liver, thigh muscle, kidney and brain. The conclusions were obtained as follows: 1. Alteration of LDH activities and isozyme patterns were revealed before morphologic changes in tissues. 2. The LDH specific activities were increased significantly in liver and brain after administration of high concentrations of $CHCl_3$ and $CHCl_{2}Br$ for 4 weeks respectively. Otherwise, they were decreased significantly in liver, muscle and kidney after administration for 8 weeks. 3. The isozyme activities of LDH-4 and LDH-5 were increased in muscle, brain, and especially the liver. 4. It was more distinct for the decrement of LDH H-type isozyme than the increment of M-type isozyme in muscle.

다이옥신 (2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) 의 건강위해성에 대한 고찰

신동천,안혜원,이종태,정용,Shin, Dong-Chun,Ahn, Hei-Won,Lee, Jong-Tae,Chung, Yong 환경독성보건학회 1996 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

There are numerous and evidential findings that TCDD (2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-Pdioxin, or dioxin) is a potential carcinogen and general toxin in rodents. flowever, human risk assessment for dioxin exposure has been a topic of debate, owing in part to the large animal interspecies differences in its toxicity. We review dioxin-related reports indicating its toxicity, toxic effects in animal, and human epidemiologic findings. The intent of this paper does not provide a causal inference about chronic human diseases related to dioxin exposure. This summary would give a valuable clue for a researcher to conduct or design a further dioxin-related study.

환경성 발암물질의 용량-반응모델의 이론적 근거와 응용에 관한 연구 - 음용수 중 chloroform을 중심으로

신동천,정용,김종만,이성임,황만식,Shin, Dong-Chun,Chung, Yong,Kim, Jong-Man,Lee, Seong-Im,Hwang, Man-Sik 대한예방의학회 1996 예방의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This study described methods to predict human health risk associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens using animal bioassay data. Also, biological assumption for various dose-response models were reviewed. To illustrate the process of risk estimate using relevant dose-response models such as Log-normal, Mantel-Bryan, Weibull and Multistage model, we used four animal carcinogenesis bioassy data of chloroform and chloroform concentrations of tap water measured in large cities of Korea from 1987 to 1995. As a result, in the case of using average concentration in exposure data and 95% upper boud unit risk of Multistge model, excess cancer risk(RISK I) was about $1.9\times10^{-6}$, in the case of using probability distribution of cumulative exposure data and unit risks, those risks(RISK II) which were simulated by Monte-Carlo analysis were about $2.4\times10^{-6}\;and\;7.9\times10^{-5}$ at 50 and 95 percentile, respectively. Therefore risk estimated by Monte-Carlo analysis using probability distribution of input variables may be more conservative.

수질오염의 건강위해성 인식 ( risk perception ) 관련요인

신동천,박종연,임영욱,정용 ( Dong Chun Shin,Chong Yon Park,Young Wook Lim,Yong Chung ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was conducted to analyse the relationship of socio-demographic and socio-psychological factors to the risk perception of water pollution. An analysing model was derived from Health Belief Model which has been used largely in studying preventive behaviors. At October 1994, a series of questionnaire surveys were conducted to four groups consisted of general public, environmental experts, public officials, and pressmen, which were regarded as groups having different point of view toward pollution problem. The response rate was 62.3%, 851 subjects out of 1,366. The results showed us the fact that the sensitivity or seriousness perception to the water pollution problem was related closely with the degree of concern to the problem. For an effective policy in water management, risk perception(threat onto health by water pollution) should be linked to anti-pollution behaviors. But risk perception was not the direct factor related to such behaviors, and also willingness to pay for the provision of clean water. There were more anti-pollution behaviors among women than men. more concerned with pollution problem, more affected by mass media, and more seriously perceived, likely to practice antipollution behaviors. In summary there was pretty weak relation between the risk perception of water pollution and the anti-pollution behaviors, an alternative policy was thought to be necessary to improve water quality. It should be considered that mass media be utilized in full and that communication means among experts, public officials, and the general public be systematized so that the delivery of information not to be distorted or discontinued.

수도권 상수중 유기오염물질의 돌연변이원성

신동천,장재연,조성준,정용,Shin, Dong-Chun,Jang, Jae-Yeon,Jo, Seong-Joon,Chung, Yong 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.2

To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenicity test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply stations and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l. respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenicity ratios were greater then two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out of six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenicity ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic activities were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic acitivity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic acitivity was decreased after the treatement of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.

극미세 입자의 인체 유해 영향에 대한 고찰

신동천(Dong-Chun Shin) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

The ultra-fine particles emitted by automobile are emerging issue because it is known to have adverse human health effect. Particles emitted from automobile and other engines are a complex mixture of elementary and organic carbons and other chemicals. Especially diesel particles are mainly composed of elemental carbon (soot) and volatile compounds derived from unburned and partially burned fuel, and lubricating oil and sulfate. More than 90% of particle number is usually in the ultra-fine particle size range. Ultra-fine particles are known to have increased ability to cause pulmonary inflammation. Adverse health effect may be explained by the greater surface area of the ultra-fine material, which delivered oxidative stress because of a greater surface for the generation of free radicals by as yet unknown mechanisms, or for release of redox-active transition metals and organics. In conclusion, over the past decade attention has been paid on physical/chemical characteristic, mechanism, toxicity, health effects, however, we do not have enough information about ultra-fine particles. So we need to conduct continuous research and management on ultra-fine particles.

지하수 중 자연방사성물질의 위해성 관리에 대한 고찰

신동천(Dong-chun Shin 외 5명),김예신,문지영,박화성,김진용,박선구 환경독성보건학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

At present, the health risks associated with the natural radionuclides of ground water have become a concern as potential social problems. However, there are no regulatory actions or control strategies for such risks. Therefore, we have investigated and discussed the risks and associated management strategies for radionuclides in other countries. US EPA has proposed MCL (300 pCi/L) and AMCL (4,000 pCi/L) for radon, and 30 ppb for uranium, 15 pCi/L for gross-alpha and 5 pCi/L for radium as final MCLs. Also, Canada, WHO and European countries have their inherent management levels. Finally, we suggested several criteria for setting guidelines in our countries including exposure related criteria such as geological distribution, occurrence, exposure probability distribution, exposure popuIation and multimedia exposure assessment, acceptable risk, and cost-benefit analysis. The national-scale exposure and risk assessment, and economic analysis should be conducted for producing and aggregating the representative information on these criteria.

[특집 디젤극미세입자] 디젤 극미세 입자의 인체 영향

신동천(Dong Chun Shin) 한국자동차공학회 2005 오토저널 Vol.27 No.4