Economic and Workflow Analysis of a Blood Bank Automated System

신경화,김형회,장철훈,이은엽 대한진단검사의학회 2013 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.33 No.4

Background: This study compared the estimated costs and times required for ABO/Rh(D)typing and unexpected antibody screening using an automated system and manual methods. Methods: The total cost included direct and labor costs. Labor costs were calculated on the basis of the average operator salaries and unit values (minutes), which was the handson time required to test one sample. To estimate unit values, workflows were recorded on video, and the time required for each process was analyzed separately. Results: The unit values of ABO/Rh(D) typing using the manual method were 5.65 and 8.1min during regular and unsocial working hours, respectively. The unit value was less than 3.5 min when several samples were tested simultaneously. The unit value for unexpected antibody screening was 2.6 min. The unit values using the automated method for ABO/Rh(D) typing, unexpected antibody screening, and both simultaneously were all 1.5 min. The total cost of ABO/Rh(D) typing of only one sample using the automated analyzer was lower than that of testing only one sample using the manual technique but higher than that of testing several samples simultaneously. The total cost of unexpected antibody screening using an automated analyzer was less than that using the manual method. Conclusions: ABO/Rh(D) typing using an automated analyzer incurs a lower unit value and cost than that using the manual technique when only one sample is tested at a time. Unexpected antibody screening using an automated analyzer always incurs a lower unit value and cost than that using the manual technique.

조류로부터 기인한 냄새물질의 분석 및 제거

신경화,왕창근,오현제,최재호 대한환경공학회 1995 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1995 No.12

부산대학교병원에서 시행된 혈전혈소판감소자반증-용혈요독증후군 혈장교환술(2003∼2011)

신경화,이현지,김신영,장철훈,박기형,이은엽,손한철,김형회 대한수혈학회 2012 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

Background:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are related diseases with high rates of fatality. Plasma exchange therapy improves survival rates in patients with TTP and HUS. The aim of this study is to evaluate our experience in conduct of plasma exchange procedures for treatment of patients with TTP-HUS over the past nine years, and to identify risk factors for poor response to this treatment. Methods:Between January 2003 and August 2011, 230 plasma exchange procedures were performed for treatment of 22 TTP-HUS patients at Pusan National University Hospital. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from clinical records and plasma exchange records for these patients. Results:Fourteen female patients and eight male patients were included in the study. The majority of patients (86%) had neurologic symptoms; and 41% of patients had a fever. Eight patients presented with an additional disorder; three patients presented with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The mean number of plasma exchange procedures was 10.5 per patient. The overall rate of mortality following plasma exchange therapy was 27% and relapse was observed in only one patient. Rate of mortality varied with different comorbid diseases. Female patients and patients who underwent fewer plasma exchange procedures tended to be unresponsive to plasma exchange therapy, but the results are not statistically significant. Aggressive treatment involving two plasma exchange procedures within 24 hours of diagnosis and choice of any replacement fluid did not show an association with improved mortality. Conclusion:No association of the factors analyzed with mortality rate and responsiveness to plasma exchange was observed.

쥬식교환 이전제도

신경화 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2002 외법논집 Vol.12 No.-

The Current Status of Medical Decision-Making for Dying Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Study

신경화,목정하,이상희,김은정,석나리,류선석,하명남,이광하 대한중환자의학회 2014 Acute and Critical Care Vol.29 No.3

Background: Many terminally ill patients die while receiving life‐sustaining treatment. Recently, the discussion of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care units (ICUs) has increased. This study is aimed to evaluate the current status of medical decision-making for dying patients. Methods: The medical records of patients who had died in the medical ICU from March 2011 to February 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Eighty-nine patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 65.8 ± 13.3 years and 73.0% were male. The most common diagnosis was acute respiratory failure, and the most common comorbidity was hemato-oncologic malignancy. Withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment including do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders was discussed for 64 (71.9%) patients. In almost all cases, the discussion involved a physician and the patient's family. No patient wrote advance directives themselves before ICU admission. Of the patients for whom withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment was discussed, the decisions were recorded in formal consent documents in 36 (56.3%) cases, while 28 (43.7%) cases involved verbal consent. In patients granting verbal consent, death within one day of the consent was more common than in those with formal document consent (85.7% vs. 61.1%, p < 0.05). The most common demand was a DNR order. Patients died 2.7 ± 1.0 days after the decision for removal of life-sustaining treatment. Conclusions: The decision-making for life-sustaining treatment of dying patients in the ICU very often involves conflict. There is a general need to heighten our sensitivity on the objective decision-making based on patient autonomy.

한입버섯 균사체 특성과 배양 적정 조건

신경화,박태민,민경구,석순자,장명준 한국버섯학회 2022 한국버섯학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study investigated the culture characteristics of Cryptoporus volvatus, whichis grow naturally in Korea, to determine the suitable environmental conditions for its cultivation. The physiological characteristics of the mycelia were assessed according to the cultivation conditions, to determine the optimal conditions for artificial cultivation. The visual characteristics of the hyphae of Cryptoporus volvatus KACC52303 included an irregular and uneven surface and a fuzzy or cotton-like texture. Under the microscope, its microstructure showed pre-chlamydospore formation, but no clamps were seen. The appropriate culture temperature was found to be a medium/high temperature of approximately 25–30oC, and the optimal pH was found to have a wide range from weakly acidic (pH 4) to neutral (pH 7). In the optimal nutrient source experiment, hyphal growth was shown to be fair in a mixed medium with 2.5% dextrin as the carbon source and 0.1% yeast extract as the organic nitrogen source. Among the various amino acids, organic acids, and inorganic salts tested, the fastest hyphal growth was observed in the presence of leucine, acetic acid or gluconic acid, and KCl or KH2PO4, respectively. The column test showed that the best mycelial growth occurred in a mixed medium of 80% pine sawdust, 10% rice bran, and 10% corncob sawdust.

신학생의 자기분화수준과 영적성숙과의 상관성연구

신경화,조윤옥,조성현 한국상담학회 2011 상담학연구 Vol.12 No.3

This study aims to relate between sef-differentiation and spiritual maturity of seminarian students and to examine how much different it is depending on the background of them. For the study 202 seminarian students, who lived in Jeolla province, were subjected to administer two kinds of questionnaires composed of Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R), particularly applied for Korean by Chung Hye-Jeong and Cho Eun-Kyoung(2007), and Spiritual Maturity Index(SMI) by Ellison(1983). Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way anova and correlation test were conducted by utilizing SPSS Win 12. The results indicate that firstly there is a positive correlation between sef-differentiation and spiritual maturity with a statistical significance; Secondly sex does not make any difference, but age makes a difference with a significance such that age of 56-60 subgroup has the highest spiritual maturity among 7 subgroups. In case of marital status divorsed subgroup is the lowest level of sef-differentiation and spiritual maturity in comparison to other 3 subgroups. Lastly graduate seminarian student has higher score in the level of spiritual maturity than the undergraduate. All these results will provide seminarian students, who prepare for pastoral vocation in the future particularly in dealing with a full maturity of personality, with positive concerns about their own sef-differentiation and spiritual maturity, eventually leading them to prepare for a healthy life as evangelists. 본 연구는 신학생의 자기분화수준과 영적성숙에 대해 살펴보고, 이러한 자기분화수준과 영적성숙의 관계는 어떠하며 배경변인에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 전라도 지역에 있는 신학생 202명을 대상으로, 정혜정과 조은경(2007)이 개발한 한국형 자기 분화 척도와 Ellison(1983)의 영적성숙척도(Spiritual Maturity Index)를 사용하여 양적연구를 실시하였으며, SPSS Win 12를 이용하여 빈도분석, t-test, 일원변량분석, 상관계수분석을 실행하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 자기분화수준과 영적성숙과는 유의미한 정적관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 자기분화 전체 점수가 높을수록 영적성숙도가 유의하게 증가하는 결과를 보여 주었다. 둘째, 배경변인에 따른 자기분화수준과 영적성숙의 관계는 남녀 성별에 따라서는 차이가 없었으며, 연령별로는 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 특히 56세에서 60세가 영적성숙도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결혼 상태에 따라서는 이혼한 상태가 다른 집단에 비해 자기분화 수준이 낮았고, 영적 성숙도도 다른 집단과 비교할 때 유의한 수준에서 낮게 나타났다. 또한 학업상황에 따라서는 신대원생이 학부생보다 영적성숙도가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 사람들의 전인적인 성숙을 다루는 분야에 종사할 목회자의 길을 준비하는 신학생들의 자기분화와 영적성숙에 대한 적극적인 관심을 촉발시키고, 이들이 건강한 목회자로서의 삶을 준비할 수 있도록 하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

서울시내 직장인의 아침식사 식습관에 관한 연구

신경화,채경연,유양자 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study was intended to investigate the breakfast habits of salaried people. Total 446 subjects (male:256 and female:190) living in Seoul participated in the study. The results obtained were as follows : About 88.8% of the respondents perceived well the importance of breakfast, but only 33.2% of them responded to have breakfast every morning. It was found that males, older people, married people and people with higher education had a tendency to have breakfast regularly. The main reasons for having breakfast were ’for nutritional intake ’(42.2%) and ’for relieving hunger’(31.3%). Cooked rice with soup (78.4%) was the most popular menu for breakfast. The time for breakfast was about 5∼15 minutes. The reasons for skipping breakfast were ’the lack of time > low appetite > habitually’, but 59.6% of the respondents answered to have cooked rice with soup if they would. The 95.6% of the respondents showed more than the ’moderate’score on nutritional knowledge. Female salaried people showed higher scores on nutritional knowledge than male counterparts. People with higher education had a better nutritional knowledge. It was found that male, older people, people with higher education, and members in the extended family or nuclear family had good eating habits. Nutritial knowledge showed a significant positive relationship with eating habits. Overall, salaried people perceived the importance of breakfast, but had poor dietary habit of skipping breakfast at 23.3%. Therefore, convenient and nutritional substitute for breakfast should be developed for salaried people.

인종에 따른 국내 Kell 항원 빈도 및 임상적 중요성

신경화,이현지,김형회 대한수혈학회 2021 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

The anti-K antibody has a role in transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborns. The K antigen is rarely expressed in Koreans. On the other hand, the distribution of blood group antigens has changed in recent years owing to the increased number of immigrants. This study examined the prevalence of the Kell group antigens according to their parents’ birth region. In this study, 4% of participants whose parents were born in America, Europe, South Asia, and other countries expressed the K antigen. No participants whose parents were born in Korea or East Asia expressed the K antigen. The frequency of the anti-K is expected to increase because of blood donors with the K antigen. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the K antigen frequency and anti-K in transfusions and pregnancy cases in Korea. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2021;32:132-134)

수식에 대한 구체적 모델 구성이 문장제 해결 능력에 미치는 영향

申京華 慶北大學校 師範大學 附屬國民學校 1993 現場硏究 Vol.14 No.-