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『시의 원리』의 이중 기획과 고안된 논리 ― 조지훈의 베르그손 철학 전유 양상을 중심으로
송현지 ( Song Hyun-ji ) 현대문학이론학회 2021 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.- No.84
이 글은 조지훈의 『시의 원리』가 해방기 시단에서 보편 시론의 역할뿐만 아니라 대항 담론의 역할을 수행하는 것을 목적으로 삼아 기획되었음에 주목하고, 이 이중의 기획을 수행하기 위해 조지훈이 사용한 방법론을 고찰하였다. 등단 초기부터 시와 시인을 생명이 있는 유기체로 바라보았던 조지훈은 『시의 원리』에 이르러 새로운 논리 전개 방식과 개념을 사용하여 자신의 기존 사유체계를 보강한다. 먼저, 그는 시와 시인을 생명으로 설정하되 자연과학을 근거로 삼아 논의를 전개함으로써 시론의 보편성과 객관성을 확보한다. 이는 해방기 이후 집중적으로 발간되던 문학 개론서의 글쓰기 방식을 따른 것이자 과학에 기반을 두지 않은 형이상학 시론을 신비한 것으로 치부한 비판들에 대응하기 위한 그의 전략이었다. 그러나 이처럼 시 창조의 제반 조건들을 실증적으로 이론화하면서도 그는 정신이 작용하는 시의 창조 과정에 대해서는 여전히 관념적인 서술로 일관하며 과학의 일반 법칙으로 설명할 수 없는 시의 고유한 영역이 있음을 드러낸다. 또한, 이러한 관점에서 그는 물질과 정신, 지성과 직관, 과학과 시를 구분한 후 생명의 표현이자 생명 그 자체인 시는 물질의 질서에 속하지 않을 뿐 아니라 지성이 아닌 ‘직관’이라는 의식 작용을 통해 창조된다는 점을 분명히 하고 이를 구분하지 않는 유물론적 예술사관과 모더니즘 시관을 시의 독자성을 인정하지 않는다는 측면에서 비판한다. 조지훈이 『시의 원리』에서 보여준 이러한 서술 방식과 대항의 논리는 실증적 형이상학을 통해 새로운 생명 창조론을 주장함으로써 유물론과 기계론을 비판한 베르그손의 철학과 공명하는 부분이 많다. 이는 조지훈이 1941년, 베르그손의 저서를 읽고 베르그손의 사상에서 주요 논리와 개념들을 가져와 시론의 보편성을 확보함은 물론, 해방기 시단에 대항할 수 있는 논리를 강화하였을 가능성을 시사한다. 이 글은 이를 논증함으로써 동·서양의 유기체 시론의 영향 관계에서 『시의 원리』를 살펴보는 통상적인 관점에서 벗어나 그의 유기체 시론의 고유성이 그가 베르그손의 논리와 사상을 전유하여 이 이중의 기획을 수행하는 과정에서 형성되었음을 밝혔다. This study paid attention to the point that The Principles of Poetry by Cho Ji-hoon was written to perform not only the role of universality discourse in the post-liberation poetry circle but also the role of opposition discourse and looked into his corresponding methodology. Cho Ji-hoon, who looked at poetry and poet as living organisms ever since the beginning of his literary career, strengthened his own existing poetic thinking system by using new logic development method and concept from The Principles of Poetry. First and foremost, he expressed his opinions based on biology in the process of putting life into poetry and poet. It was his strategy of responding to criticisms in the post-liberation situation of regarding metaphysical poetics not based on science in materialistic poetics and modernism poetics as something mysterious. In addition, he divided order of materials and order of life based on the facts derived from scientific phenomena and emphasized the point that poetry is situated within order of life once its spirit becomes foundation of life. This is how he stood up against materialistic poetics which asserted that poetry is reflection of materialistic life. Lastly, he planned and argued poetics confronting modernism poetics which put emphasis on intelligence by insisting that order of life in which poetry belongs form a connection with not intelligence but intuition. Such narration method and logic in The Principles of Poetry established metaphysics based on science and share a number of resonating aspects with the philosophy by Henri Bergson who criticized materialism and mechanism by arguing new life creation theory. This implies the possibility that Cho Ji-hoon strengthened the logic of confronting the post-liberation poetry circle by adopting major logic and concepts after reading the works by Bergson in the early 1940s. This study aimed to deviate from the conventional discussion arguing that the inherent features of Cho Ji-hoon’s organism poetics resulted from the influencing relationship of the organism poetics of East and West and identify that his poetics was formed in the process of exclusively possessing Bergson’s logic and thoughts.
조지훈과 혜화전문학교 ―식민지 고등교육 이원 구조와 조선학 학술장을 중심으로―
송현지 ( Song Hyun-ji ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2021 민족문화연구 Vol.90 No.-
This study aims to validate the correlation between Cho Ji-hoon’s attending Hyehwa College, which had been left out from the arguments regarding his studies, and his academic perspectives and methods after seeing that the two sides are closely related. The meaning that he studied at Hyehwa College―a modern educational institute―has been reduced and excluded in the sense that it contradicts the logic of the discourse which had defined him as ‘Sun-bi (classical scholar)’ and ‘traditional intellectual’. However, when seeing that he sought scientific methods and systematic rationality and criticized traditional academic methods, he is not bound by the frame ‘traditional intellectual’ and the origin of his academic attitude and methods have to be examined in a new manner. Hyehwa College, a foothold where he experienced modern school system, is noteworthy in the sense that it is the background where he equipped with the methodology ‘school system study’ and found a balance between tradition and modern, ethnic group and world, and special and universal. The curriculum of Hyehwa College which had neither major system nor subject system due to Japan’s higher education dualization policy led him to continue the study of intensifying professionalism of academic fields while merging with other fields and the school’s subject system focused on religion, philosophy, and art became the foundation for him to establish the system of national culture. Meanwhile, the peripheral position which Hyehwa College was in during the 1930s Joseon studies academic arena in which the Gwanhak academism based on Keijo Imperial University and the private academism based on Yonhee College competed gave birth to dialectical writing―his unique style of logic development. In such a peripheral position, he had no other choice but to keep distance from not only the Gwanhak academism and academism as ‘science’ but also the private academism, conduct studies while being aware of them, and rack his brains on distinctive study method and perspective. Avidly reading Western philosophy after graduating from Hyewha College is deemed to be taking the path of seeking corresponding measures. When taking into account the dynamism between colonial higher education dual structure and the Joseon studies academic arena, Hyehwa College was the starting point for Cho Ji-hoon who had become ‘traditional intellectual’ to transform into ‘modern intellectual’ and the foothold for him to ultimately become ‘universal nationalist’.
송현지 ( Hyun Ji Song ) 우리어문학회 2015 우리어문연구 Vol.52 No.-
The work of Park, In-hwan has been unfairly underestimated in the earlier studies. The main logic of their comments was Park``s work had ended up having no sense of realism after the Korean war. This paper starts with this question if Park has lost his awareness of reality. To figure it out, this study tracks his consciousness especially his feeling of solidarity. His passion about solidarity has been secured, but the range and the goal of it has been adjusted. Since Park was arrested for violation of the National Security Law and experienced the Korean war, he began to concern about the way of unity realistically and did not draw an optimistic conclusion. Instead of that he values the emotional union and contemplate his poetic vocation. These variations are resulted from his perception of reality. It shows us Park faces up more to the reality after all. Therefore, the hasty conclusion about his awareness of reality should be reconsidered.
대학 교양 과정에서의 시 교육 연구 - 영화 <패터슨>의 활용 방안을 중심으로-
송현지 ( Song Hyun-ji ) 우리어문학회 2020 우리어문연구 Vol.68 No.-
This study is the attempt to propose poetry education measures which can be applied to university liberal arts curriculum by using the movie < Paterson >. This not only enables poetry education as liberal arts curriculum to have the same goal and direction as poetry education as a major study but also is based on the problem consciousness that the issue on “How poetry should be taught in liberal arts curriculum?” has not been amply discussed despite meticulous approach in comparison with literary education of other genres has been necessary. As a result of looking into and analyzing liberal arts course-takers in multilateral aspects, most of them were perceiving poetry as an unfamiliar and abstruse genre since they were non-literary majors. In this regard, this study asserted that poetry education in liberal arts curriculum should seek the measures through which learners can make easy and familiar approach to poetry and aimed to use < Paterson > for that purpose. < Paterson >-the movie asking fundamental questions toward poets and poetry - is not only useful for overcoming prejudice toward poetry but also makes viewers think about value of poetry in daily life. The movie intentionally exaggerates the point that the life and the temperament of the main character Paterson, a bus driver and poet, is nothing unique in the process of dealing with his repetitive daily life and naturally draws attention to the issue of poetry and the essence of poets by showing trivial events in daily life and the poem-writing style by Paterson based on recording his emotions. In addition, the movie is noteworthy in the sense that it shows the value of enjoying poetry in daily life. Paterson was able to prevent weariness by writing poems in the vicious cycle of boring life, expresses his inner side and interacts with the world through poetry. This makes viewers realize that understanding and enjoying poetry is not distant from our daily life but can have direct influence. In other words, the movie helps inspire non-literary majors’ will to learn by showing the fact that living the life of artist and contemporary person is possible without having to major in poetry and the value of living a life of enjoying poetry. In that sense, this study proposed detailed teaching-learning measures using < Paterson > and used cases that actually applied it in curriculum. This attempt newly considered the value of poetry education as university liberal arts curriculum.
송현지 ( Song Hyun-ji ) 우리어문학회 2018 우리어문연구 Vol.61 No.-
This study aimed to identify the aspect which Orpheus acted as a poetic ideal for Kim Jong-sam by examining the Orpheus's representation in the 「Orpheus」series. Kim Jong-sam repeatedly suggested that he and Orpheus are different by directly comparing Orphe of the Greek mythology and himself since Kim Jong-sam regarded Orpheus as an ideal poet but Kim Jong-sam regarded himself as falling short of Orpheus. However, Kim Jong-sam having symbolized Orpheus as an ideal poet figure is neither because Orpheus is the oldest poet nor Orpheus is the prototype of an artist. Through the motive of return, Kim Jong-sam clarified that he regarded Orpheus in the context of savior by arousing the aspects of Orpheus in the Greek mythology who aimed to save Eurydice in the world of death by songs and music. However, the meaning of Orpheus as a savior is not limited to the Greek mythology context since the targets of salvation were expanded to all antisuppressors in the world after Kim Jong-sam symbolized Orphe by borrowing the title 'Black Orpheus' - the writing by Sartre which indicated the African American poets who showed solidarity toward those dominated and hurt. Through it, one can guess where the viewpoint of solidarity with regard to poor and weak existences comprising an axis of the poetry world by Kim Jong-sam is. He practiced the Orphic salvation by writing the poems of solidarity which see through a warm heart a number of Eurydices enduring the reality. Also, the method of writing the poems of salvation is very much similar to Orpheus. Just like Orpheus aimed to save others through the instruments taken fromearth and the beautiful songs, Kim sang the beauty of earth in simple language. The poems comprised of simple language in the world of poetry by Kim Jong-sam, which emphasize the sense of solidarity, can be understood to have been written as a part of the poetic practice by Kim Jong-sam to become a poet like Orpheus.