http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Prader-Will 증후군에 있어서의 성장 및 내분비 기능에 관한 임상적 관찰
송재원,문형로,양세원 대한내분비학회 1988 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.3 No.2
Clinical features including growth and endocrine function of eleven children with Prader-Willi syndrome diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1979 to June 1988 were reviewed. The ratio of male to female was 6:5, and the mead age at diagnosis was 4 9/12 year and 9 4/12 year old age, respectively. All patients revealed developmental delay, obsity and mental retardation. Shorth stature was observed in two patients at diagnosis. Chromosonal anomaly, 46, XX, inv (9), was detected in a girl (case 1) out of the five examined. The bone age was delayed in three male patients of the seven studied. In the five patients, follow-up measurement for height and weight were performed, the degree of obesity became prominent after five years of age. The increase in serum testosterone to hCG stimulation was observed in two patients out of the three examined. The response of LH to LRH stimulation was not observed, but increased sereum FSH to LRH stimulation was observed in case 6. Oral glucose tolerance test was impaired in two cases out of the three examined. Cryptorchidism was observed in all six boys. Among them descended testis was resulted in one patient (cases 7) who had unilateral cryptorchidism after a course of hCG treatment. Others were treated by orchiopexy. In one patient (case 3) associated abnormalities; partial endocardial cushion defect, polydactyly, myopia, amblyopia and proteinuria were present.
송재원,성낙원,Song, Jae-Won,Seong, Nak-Won 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.20 No.6
To design an optimum engine intake system, a flow model for the intake manifold was developed by the finite difference method. The flow in the intake manifold was one-dimensional, and the finite difference equations were derived from governing equations of flow, continuity, momentum and energy. The thermodynamic properties of the cylinder were found by the first law of thermodynamics, and the boundary conditions were formulated using steady flow model. By comparing the calculated results with experimental data, the appropriate boundary conditions and convergence limits for the flow model were established. From this model, the optimum manifold lengths at different engine operating conditions were investigated. The optimum manifold length became shorter when the engine speeds were increased. The effect of intake valve timings on inlet air mass was also studied by this model. Advancing intake valve opening decreased inlet air mass slightly, and the optimum intake valve closing was found. The difference in inlet air mass between cylinders was very small in this engine.
3․1운동 이후 일제의 서북지방 기독교 통제와 ‘선천사건’
송재원 한국기독교역사학회 2010 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.33 No.-
This thesis examines the Sŏn-ch'ŏn Incident, a Christian-related episode which happened in Sŏn-ch'ŏn, North P'yŏng-an province during the Japanese occupation. The Sŏn-ch'ŏn Incident was triggered by the bombing of a police station in September 1920 and led to the oppression of Christians in the region, especially it is a representative case of the Japanese policies of oppression against Christians in the north-west region. After the oppression of the 1919 Independence Movement by military means, the Japanese colonial government tried to advocate cultural rule and displayed also a conciliatory gesture to Christians who had been watched closely until then. But, since the 1919 Independence Movement, a system called Yŏn-t'ong in the north-west region which is a secret network of communication created by the Korean provisional government centering the Christian organizations. And in the mean time, armed liberation movements followed one after another, which also intensified Japanese oppression. The bombing of a police station happened in Sŏn-ch'ŏn in september 1920 when the Japanese oppression to the north-west region was being reinforced. The incident was carried out as a part of activities of an independence movement, and it was coincided with the visit of members of American parliament to Korea in August that year, awaited by General Camp of the Korean Independence Army. Finding a Christian called Park Ch'i-ŭi from Sŏn-ch'ŏn among the masterminds of the incident, the Japanese rulers enlarged the bombing incident into a terrorist act, and accused the Sŏn-ch'ŏn's Christians of being systematically involved. In the reason of this Sŏn-ch'ŏn Incident, the history of Sŏn-ch'ŏn’s Christian propensity and their anti-Japanese movement played an important role. Among the relatively strong Christian communities in the north-west region, Sŏn-ch'ŏn had particularly strong Christian community. And because Christians of Sŏn-ch'ŏn had been involved in the 1919 Independence Movement as well as other incidents including the Incident of 105 people, they had become the main target of the Japanese rule. Therefore, the Japanese colonial government plotted to oppress the Christians in Sŏn-ch'ŏn to rule out the Christianity in the north-west region, setting the Incident as an example and tried to oppress the anti-Japanese movement altogether. So those who were involved with Sŏn-ch'ŏn incident were mostly representative Christians in Sŏn-ch'ŏn. Also to be noted was that most of them had a history of participating in the 1919 Independence Movement as well as being involved in other anti-Japanese movements. The police, through many false accusations, thoroughly related many of Sŏn-ch'ŏn’s Christians with the bombing incident. And in the court, based on the result of police investigation, those people were sentenced to a heavy penalty indeed. This court rule towards the people involved in Sŏn-ch'ŏn Incident caused a big sensation in the society and was definitely regarded as a cruel punishment compared to similar Incidents in other areas including P'yŏng-yang. After the Sŏn-ch'ŏn Incident, despite the continuing growth of Christianity in the region, the anti-Japanese movement did get shrunken. That is, the trend of Christians leading the anti-Japanese movements disappeared since 1920’s in the region. It is also clear that the in activeness of Sŏn-ch'ŏn’s Christians caused by the Japanese oppression influenced the general social aspects of Sŏn-ch'ŏn which had been renowned as a strong Christian community. 이 논문은 일제 강점기 평안북도 선천에서 발생한 기독교 관계 시국사건인 선천사건에 관한 것이다. 선천사건은 1920년 9월 발생한 경찰서 폭파사건이 발단이 되어 선천 기독교계에 대한 탄압으로 이어진 사건으로, 서북지방 기독교계에 대한 일제의 대표적인 통제 사례였다. 3․1운동에 대한 무력탄압 이후 문화통치를 표방하였던 일제는 그 동안 경계 대상이었던 기독교계에 대해서도 유화책을 시도하였다. 그러나 3․1운동 이후 서북지방에서는 기독교계 조직을 중심으로 임시정부의 연통제를 통한 항일운동이 전개되었다. 또한 이 시기 서북지방에서는 무장활동도 잇따르면서, 일제의 서북지방에 대한 통제가 강화되었다. 서북지방에 대한 일제의 통제가 강화되던 1920년 9월, 선천에서 경찰서 폭파사건이 발생한다. 이 사건은 본래 대한광복군총영이 8월에 있었던 미국 의원단의 방한을 노린 의열활동의 일환이었다. 그런데 일제는 사건의 주동자 가운데 박치의라는 선천 기독교인이 있었던 사실을 구실로 삼아, 폭파사건을 선천 기독교인들이 조직적으로 가담한 테러활동으로 확대하였다. 이 선천사건의 원인으로는 우선 선천이 지닌 기독교적 성향과 항일운동의 전력이 크게 작용하였다. 바로 기독교 교세가 강한 서북지방 가운데서도 선천은 대표적인 기독교 강세 지역이었다. 특히 선천 기독교계는 그동안 105인사건을 비롯해 3․1운동에도 연관되면서 일제의 주요 경계 대상이었다. 결국 일제는 폭파사건을 구실로 선천 기독교에 대한 탄압은 물론, 선천을 본보기로 삼아 서북지방 기독교와 항일운동을 통제하고자 했다. 이에 선천사건에 연루된 인물들은 대부분 선천 기독교계의 대표적 인물들이었다. 이들 대부분은 3․1운동에 가담한 전력이 있었고, 기타 항일운동에도 연관되었던 것이 특징이다. 경찰은 조작수사를 통해 선천 기독교 인사들을 폭파사건에 철저히 연루시켰고, 경찰의 수사결과를 토대로 진행된 재판에서 관련자들은 중형을 선고받았다. 당시 여론의 큰 반향을 불러일으켰던 선천사건에 대한 재판결과는 평양 등 다른 지역의 사건과 비교해도 분명 과중한 처벌이었다. 선천사건 이후 선천 기독교계는 교세의 성장에도 불구하고 항일운동에서는 위축된 모습을 보였다. 이전과 같이 기독교계가 항일운동을 주도하던 양상이 1920년대 이후로는 눈에 띄지 않았던 것이다. 기독교 강세 지역으로 유명했던 특성 상, 일제의 탄압으로 인한 기독교계의 위축이 선천 사회전반에 영향을 끼쳤던 것으로 여겨진다.
Fuzzy Clustering 기반의 화재 상황 인식 모델
송재원,안태기,김문현,홍유식 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2011 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.1
기존의 화재 감시 시스템은 보통 연기, CO 혹은 온도나 온도의 변화량을 가지고 화재여부를 판단하였다. 대부분 각각의 센서에서 측정된 값을 미리 설정한 값과 비교하여 기준을 넘었을 경우에 화재라고 결정한다. 그러나 화재 가능성이 있는 상황도 정확히 예측하는 것이 화재를 예방하기 위해 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 여러 인자들 간의 조합에 의한 규칙을 생성하고, 불명확한 데이터 처리가 가능한 퍼지추론을 사용하여 화재상황을 인식하는 방식을 제안한다. 또한 퍼지추론 방식에서 지식의 일반화, 형식화의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 화재의 특정 패턴들의 특징을 찾아서 분석하고 규칙베이스를 구축함으로써 시스템의 성능을 더욱 향상 시킨다. 화재의 레벨을 3단계(정상, 주의, 위험)로 나누고, 각 단계별로 훈련데이터를 FCM(fuzzy C-means clustering)에 의해 규칙화 하여 추론하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 방식을 UCI의 삼림화재 데이터를 이용하여 성능을 평가한다. Fire monitoring system detects a fire based on the values of various sensors, such as smoke, CO, temperature, or change of temperature. It detects a fire by comparing sensed values with predefined threshold values for each sensor. However, to prevent a fire it is required to predict a situation which has a possibility of fire occurrence. In this work, we propose a fire recognition system using a fuzzy inference method. The rule base is constructed as a combination of fuzzy variables derived from various sensed values. In addition, in order to solve generalization and formalization problems of rule base construction from expert knowledge, we analyze features of fire patterns. The constructed rule base results in an improvement of the recognition accuracy. A fire possibility is predicted as one of 3 levels(normal, caution, danger). The training data of each level is converted to fuzzy rules by FCM(fuzzy C-means clustering) and those rules are used in the inference engine. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated by using forest fire data from the UCI repository.
송재원,안태기,김문현,홍유식 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2012 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.2
수동적인 보안감시 시스템의 문제점이 계속적으로 제기되면서 실시간으로 공공장소에서의 군중에 대한 관리 및 감독을 지원하는 자동화되고 지능적인 군중 밀도 측정에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라, 군중의 밀도를 측정하기 위한 많은 연구가 시도되었으나 실시간 혼잡도 정보 취득이 어렵고, 조명변화 등에 취약한 한계가 드러났다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 군중 특징 정보로써 옵티컬 플로우를 검출하고 또한 Sobel 외곽선 추출 알고리즘에 의해 외곽선을 추출하여 각 특징을 입력으로 학습된 다층 신경망을 통해 실시간으로 실외 공공장소에서의 군중 밀도를 측정하였다 The population growth along with the urbanization, has caused more problems in many public areas, such as subway airport terminals, hospital, etc. Many surveillance systems have been installed in the public areas, but not all of those can be monitored in real-time, because the operators that observe the monitors are very small compared with the number of the monitors. For example, the observer can miss some crucial accidents or detect after considerable delays. Thus, intelligent surveillance system for preventing the accidents are needed, such as Intelligent Surveillance Systems. in this paper, we propose a new crowd density estimation method which aims at estimating moving crowd using images from surveillance cameras situated in outdoor locations. The moving crowd is estimated from the area where using optical flow. The edge information is also used as feature to measure the crowd density, so we improve the accuracy of estimation of crowd density. A multilayer neural network is designed to classify crowd density into 5 classes. Finally the proposed method is experimented with PETS 2009 images