생시체중과 이유시 체중이 한우 거세우의 도체형질에 미치는 영향

송유나 순천대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the birth weight, weaning weight, and economic features of Hanwoo Steer using data obtained from the breeding farm established as the foundation for improvement goals for birth weight and weaning weight. Data on the birth weight, weaning weight, and carcass grade of 1,921 Korean cattle born between 2006 and 2019 was analyzed. Regarding the environmental effects, farm, year of birth, birth year-half year, weaning days, and carcass days data were used. A total of 7 models were established and analyzed to estimate the correlation between birth weight and weaning weight with carcass traits while considering environmental effects affecting traits. Among the seven used models, Model 1 for farm effects, birth year-half year, birth weight, and carcass days, and Model 7 for farm effects, birth year-half year, weaning weight, weaning days, and carcass days were the best suitable models to determine the correlation. The result indicated that in the birth year-half year effect, as the age at birth increased from the year 2006 to 2019, the carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score increased significantly more in the first half year than the second half year (p<0.01). The phenotypic correlation results revealed a moderate association with birth weight and carcass weight, eye muscle area of 0.353 and 0.249, and a low correlation with backfat thickness and marbling score content of 0.026 and –0.005, respectively. The associations between weaning weight and carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score were 0.279, 0.157, 0.093, and 0.059, respectively. According to these results, the birth weight and weaning weight are associated with each carcass traits, indicating that they can be used as primary data to determine the correlation between the traits studied.

복분자딸기 부위별 추출물의 비소로부터 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호효과에 관한 연구

송유나 한양대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

최근 암에 의한 사망률이 증가하고, 암 치료를 위한 화학적 항암제의 부작용이 지속적으로 대두됨에 따라 암 예방 뿐 아니라, 항암제의 부작용을 감소시키면서 효과는 유지시킬 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 이를 위해 최근 천연물과 항암제의 병용투여법이 주목 받고 있으며, 보다 안전하고 효과적인 천연물질의 개발이 요구된다. 복분자딸기(Rubus coreanus Miquel)는 장미과(Rosaceae)에 속하는 산딸기의 일종으로 원산지는 중국이며 우리나라에서는 전역에 분포되어 야생 및 재배 생산되며 6월 중순경 검붉은 완숙 열매를 수확하여 식용한다. 최근 복분자딸기에 포함된 항산화 물질인 flavonoids, anthocyanin, tannin, quercetin 등과 같은 다양한 페놀성 화합물의 생리활성이 부각되면서 소비가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만,현재 우리가 일반적으로 식용하고 있는 복분자딸기 열매 외에 줄기와 잎에 대해서는 아직 연구가 미비한 상태이며,매년 많은 양의 줄기와 잎이 열매의 부산물로 여겨지며 버려지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 복분자딸기의 생리활성을 평가하기 위하여 열매, 잎과 줄기, 열매 및 잎과 줄기로 나누어 항산화 활성을 알아보고, mouse macrophage인 RAW264.7 세포를 이용하여 비소로 산화적 스트레스를 유도했을 때 복분자딸기 부위별 추출물이 갖는 보호효과에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 복분자딸기 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열매, 잎과 줄기에서 각각 1.37±0.01와 2.80±0.02 gGA, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 54.95±1.65와 109.90±3.06 mgQE로 나타났으며, 잎과 줄기에서 모두 함량이 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 복분자딸기 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위하여 radical scavenging activity 및 ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)을 측정한 결과, DPPH radical의 경우 scavenging activity가 100 μg/ml 기준, 열매, 잎과 줄기, 열매 및 잎과 줄기에서 각 70%, 84.4% 및 68.0%로 나타났다. 또한, FRAP value의 경우 양성 대조군으로 사용 된 ascorbic acid 대비 100 μg/ml 기준, 열매, 잎과 줄기, 열매 및 잎과 줄기에서 각 43.4%, 65.9% 및 51.3%로 나타났으며 두 가지 실험 모두 잎과 줄기 추출물에서 가장 우수한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 복분자딸기 부위별 에탄올 추출물이 비소로 유도한 산화적 스트레스 상태에서 세포의 생존률에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 RAW 264.7 세포에 비소를 2.5 μM 농도로 처리하였을 때, 복분자딸기 열매, 잎과 줄기 100 μg/ml 농도에서 대조군 대비 최대 90% 이상 수준으로 회복되었으며, 잎과 줄기의 경우 50 μg/ml 농도에서도 90% 이상 수준의 유의적으로 높은 회복률을 나타냈다. ROS 생성에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과, 2.5 μM 비소 처리 후 ROS 생성 수준이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하나, 복분자딸기 에탄올 추출물 50과 100 μg/ml 농도에서 비소 처리군 대비 각각 56~78%와 54~80% 수준의 ROS를 생성하였다. 항산화 효소관련 단백질인 SOD1, SOD2와 catalase의 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 2.5 μM 비소 처리 후 SOD1, SOD2와 catalase의 발현량이 유의하게 증가하나, 복분자 딸기 추출물 100 μg/ml 농도에서 비소처리군 대비 각 56~89%, 48~69% 및 59~100%로 발현량을 감소시켰다. 항산화 유전자관련 단백질인 Heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 2.5 μM 비소 처리 후 HO-1의 발현이 유의하게 증가하나, 잎과 줄기 추출물은 비소 처리군 대비 37%가량 단백질 발현량을 감소시켰으며 잎과 줄기 혼합추출물 처리 군에서도 58% 가량 감소시키는 효과를 보였다. 따라서 식품 형태로 섭취, 유통이 허용되어 있는 복분자딸기의 열매 뿐만 아니라 재배 시 부산물로 버려지는 잎과 줄기도 식품산업에서 이용가치가 높으며 천연 항산화제로서 활용 가능성을 알 수 있었다. This study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidant effect and physiological activities of Rubus coreanus miq. (RCM) ethanol extract from various parts such as fruits, leaves and stems. The total phenolic contents and flavonoids contents ranged from 1.37±0.01~2.80±0.02 gGA, and 54.95±1.65~109.90±3.06 mgQE, respectively, and the leaves and stems of RCM extract showed the highest level. Also, the leaves and stems of RCM extract was found to be the most effective in both DPPH radical scavenging assay, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value. In addition, this study was evaluate the protection effect of RCM ethanol extract against arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced oxidative stress in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell. The leaves and stems of RCM ethanol extracts treated with 2.5 μM ATO attenuated arsenite induced cytotoxicity, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and down-regulation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Mn SOD (SOD2), catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 protein were observed by western blot. This results implied that RCM extract, especially leaves and stems may emerge as a useful protective material against ATO-induced oxidative stress and functional food in future.

2013 개정 중학교 미술 인정 교과서 감상영역 비교분석연구

송유나 숙명여자대학교 교육대학원 2013 국내석사

Today, in the reality that private educational market on the basis of market capitalism is prevalent to normalize public education is major tasks of Korea society. Moreover, whenever personality problems or school violence problems of youth become issues, the voice of improvement toward public education from all walks of life has been growing louder and louder. It might be from general expectations that public education would cultivate human beings with affective and psychomotor domain as well as cognitive domain unlike private education. For internal substantiality of public education, class would be the essence and it should be developed as the learning- centered class which practices cooperation and sharing. During the process to practice learning, as a significant medium to guide the direction of class, the role of textbook would be expected. Textbook in the present is not to deliver uniform knowledge but to progress as a role to guide abundant experiences how to reconstruct educational contents in actual classes. Moreover, ‘paper’ textbook would replace ‘digital’ textbook within a few years, and according to existing government designated textbook system would be abolished and government- recognized system would be introduced, there is much attention towards how much textbook would guide subject objects with various contents and activities. In other words, future classes would go toward the direction that main agents of education would create new value on the basis of learning contents that textbook guide. Thus, in this thesis, by focusing on appreciation domain, 10 kinds of middle school art government-recognized textbooks which was revised in 2013, it was sought improvement plan and known the present situation of art textbooks by analyzing 1. learning contents (selected three kinds), 2. plates according to period, mode, technique of expression and works (10 kinds) and 3. Critical point of view and critic type stage (10 kinds). Chapter II considered educational effect according to tendency of recent art education such as multicultural art education and visual culture art education etc on the basis of paradigm of art education which has been changing according to periods, theoretical background and characteristics, limitation and implication. Chapter III selected art appreciation point of view which is appropriate to field adaptation on the basis of theoretical concepts and characteristics of art appreciation and art criticism and criticism stage of T. Anderson in the social and cultural point of view and E. Feldman which has been applying in class generally. Chapter IV compared changed background and direction, and external contents system of 2007 revised and 2009 revised art curriculum, and considered aesthetic sensibility and creative expression activities and critical ability which are essential achievement element of art subject as well as reconsider limitation and implications when art curriculum would be adapted into actual field. Chapter V investigated the direction to compile, evaluation standard and precautions of government-recognized textbook to analyze middle school art government-recognized textbook which was revised in 2013. Chapter VI is the chapter to compare and analyze appreciation domains of 10 kinds of art government-recognized books, three kinds of textbooks which have different points of view to compile was chosen and learning contents were analyzed. And to analyze present government-recognized textbooks selected art works in various cultural areas evenly, proportion of plates of 10 kinds were analyzed per nation, period, mode and technique of expression, and through accumulative proportion analysis per works, art works which were suggested the most by 10 kinds of textbooks. Lastly, through critical standard and types suggested by each textbook, it was analyzed that it would be appropriate for the social and cultural point of view that art curriculum pursues. On the basis of this, the results analyzed by focusing on appreciation domain of art government-recognized textbook of 2009 revised curriculum published in 2013 are as follows: As results to analyze learning goals and contents in unit of appreciation domain of three kinds among 10 kinds of revised art textbooks, it was possible to know that each textbook has different point of view to compile likewise suggesting various art critical activities or organic approach between appreciation and expression domains or art history comprehension etc, it is judged that it was according to the phenomenon to compose learning contents freely in accordance with adaption of ‘government-recognized system’ of curriculum books. As for the most crucial point of view applied by 10 kinds of textbooks, it was covered the social cultural critical point of view and iconology analytical critical point of view mainly by focusing on comparative appreciation method. In addition, textbooks applied critical type stage were total three kinds and two kinds of textbooks suggested critical discourse of Feldman and it seems that one kind of textbook reconstructed by mixing critical type of Anderson considered social and cultural context and critical stage of Feldman. Likewise, it was possible to know the direction of art education which has been changing such as suggesting learning contents by applying comparative appreciation method and social and cultural critical stage by accepting multicultural point of view and treating appreciation domain significantly as middle school art government-recognized textbooks were according to that art curriculum pursues to cultivate critical ability. Lastly, according to the results to analyze plates of art government- recognized textbooks, the improvement of art textbooks would be suggested as follows: As results to analyze plates of 10 kinds of textbooks, it was appeared that it was focused on Korean and Western works, so it is hard to see that art works in various cultural areas were covered evenly. From now on, art works in various cultural areas would be suggested evenly it is judged that organic, integrated thematic approach to comprehend characteristics and influencing relationship between different cultural areas rather than chronicle list would be effective. Furthermore, though the importance of media literacy according to the development of image medium has suggested but according to the results to analyze current status of importance per technique of expression, it was appeared that image appreciation education has been covered carelessly. Therefore, it should be added composition of contents to cultivate media literacy required as essential capability in actual life of learners as well as traditional art works of various cultural areas. From now on, through art appreciation class, it is expected to instruct class to create new value and meaningful class to help actual life of learners as well as value of traditional art culture. 오늘날 시장 자본주의를 토대로 한 사교육 시장이 만연한 현실에서 공교육 정상화는 우리사회의 주된 과업이다. 더욱이 청소년들의 인성문제 또는 학교폭력 문제가 이슈화 될 때마다 각계각층에서 공교육을 향한 개선의 목소리가 높아지고 있다. 공교육은 사교육과 달리 지적인 영역뿐만 아니라 정의적·심동적인 영역을 고루 갖춘 인간을 양성 할 것이라는 일반적인 기대감 때문일 것이다. 공교육의 내실화를 위해서는 수업이 핵심이며 협력과 나눔이 실천되는 배움 중심 수업으로 전개되어야 한다. 배움을 실천하는 과정에서 수업의 방향을 안내하는 중요한 매개체로써 교과서의 역할이 기대되고 있다. 오늘날의 교과서는 단순히 일률적인 지식을 전달하는 것이 아니라 실제 수업에서 교육 내용을 어떻게 재구성할 것인지에 대한 풍부한 경험을 안내하는 역할로 진일보하고 있기 때문이다. 더욱이 수년이 지나지 않아 ‘지면 교과서’가 ‘디지털 교과서’로 대체될 것이며, 기존의 국정교과서제도가 폐지되고 인정제가 도입됨에 따라, 교과서가 교과 목표를 얼마나 다양한 내용과 활동을 안내하는지의 여부가 주목되고 있다. 다시 말해 앞으로의 수업은 교육의 주체들이 교과서가 안내하는 학습 내용들을 토대로 새로운 가치를 창출하는 방향으로 나아가야 할 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2013년에 개정된 중학교 미술 인정교과서 10종을 감상영역을 중심으로 1.학습내용 분석(3종 선정), 2.시대, 양식, 표현기법 및 작품에 따른 도판 분석(10종)과 3.교과서에서 제시한 비평관점과 비평 유형단계를 분석(10종)하여 미술 교과서의 현 주소를 알고 개선방안을 모색하였다. Ⅱ장은 시대에 따라 변모하는 미술교육의 패러다임, 이론적 배경과 특징, 한계 및 시사점을 바탕으로, 시각문화 미술교육 및 다문화 미술교육 등 최근 미술교육의 동향에 따른 교육적 효과를 고찰하였다. Ⅲ장은 미술 감상과 미술비평의 이론적 개념과 특징을 바탕으로 현장적용에 알맞은 미술 감상 관점을 선정하였으며 일반적으로 수업에 활용되는 펠드먼(E. Feldman) 및 사회·문화적 관점의 앤더슨(T. Anderson)의 비평단계를 살펴보았다. Ⅳ장은 2007 개정과 2009 개정 미술과 교육과정의 변화된 배경과 방향 및 외적 내용체계를 비교하였으며, 미술교과의 핵심적 성취 요소인 미적감수성, 창의적 표현활동 및 비평능력을 고찰하는 한편 미술과 교육과정을 현장에 적용했을 때의 한계와 시사점을 재고하였다. Ⅴ장은 2013년에 개정된 중학교 미술 인정교과서를 분석하기 위해 인정교과서 편찬 방향과 평가기준 및 유의점을 알아보았다. Ⅵ장은 미술 인정교과서 10종의 감상영역을 비교 분석한 장으로서, 편찬 관점이 다른 3종의 교과서를 취사선택하여 학습내용 분석을 하였다. 그리고 현행 인정교과서에서 다양한 문화권의 미술 작품을 고루 선정하였는지를 분석하기 위해 10종의 도판을 국가별, 시대별, 양식별, 표현기법별로 비율분석을 하였으며, 작품별 누적비율분석을 통해 10종 교과서가 가장 많이 제시하고 있는 미술작품을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 각 교과서에서 제시하고 있는 비평기준 및 유형을 통해 미술과 교육과정이 추구하는 사회·문화적 관점에 적합한지를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 2013년에 출간된 2009 개정 교육과정의 미술 인정 교과서를 감상영역을 중심으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 개정 미술 교과서 10종 중 3종의 감상영역 단원의 학습목표와 내용을 분석한 결과 미술사 이해 또는 감상 및 표현 영역간의 유기적 접근 또는 다양한 미술비평활동 제시 등 각 교과서마다 편찬관점이 다른 것을 알 수 있었는데, 교과용 도서 ‘인정제’ 적용에 따라 학습 내용을 자유롭게 구성할 수 있게 된 현상에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 10종 교과서가 가장 많이 활용하고 있는 비평관점은 비교감상법을 중심으로 도상해석학적 비평관점과 사회·문화적 비평관점이 주요하게 다루어지고 있었다. 또한 비평유형단계를 활용한 교과서는 총 3종이며, 2종의 교과서가 펠드먼의 비평적 담화를 제시하였고, 1종의 교과서가 펠드먼의 비평단계와 사회·문화적 맥락을 고려한 앤더슨의 비평유형을 혼합 해 재구성 한 것으로 보인다. 이처럼 중학교 미술 인정교과서는 미술과 교육과정이 비평능력의 함양을 추구함에 따른 것으로 감상영역을 비중 있게 다루고 있으며 다문화적 관점을 수용하여 사회· 문화적 비평단계와 비교감상법을 활용한 수업내용을 제시하는 등 변모하고 있는 미술교육의 방향을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 미술 인정교과서 도판 분석 결과에 따라 미술 교과서가 개선해야 하는 점을 제안하면 다음과 같다. 10종 교과서의 도판을 분석한 결과 우리나라 및 서양 중심으로서 다양한 문화권의 미술작품이 고루 다루어졌다고 보기에는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 다양한 문화권의 미술작품을 골고루 제시하되, 연대기 식 나열보다는 서로 다른 문화권의 특징 및 영향관계를 파악할 수 있도록 유기적이며 통합적인 주제적 접근이 효율적이라 판단된다. 아울러 현 미술교육은 영상매체의 발달에 따른 미디어 리터러시의 중요성이 제기되고 있으나, 표현기법별 비중 현황 분석 결과에 따르면 영상 감상 교육이 소홀히 다루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 다양한 문화권의 전통 미술작품뿐만 아니라 학습자의 실생활에서 핵심적인 역량으로 요구되는 미디어 리터러시의 육성을 위한 내용 구성이 추가되어야 할 것이다. 앞으로 미술 감상수업을 통해 전통미술문화의 가치뿐만 아니라 학습자의 실제 생활에 도움이 되는 의미 있는 수업, 새로운 가치가 창조되는 수업이 이루어지길 기대 해 본다.

인지언어학적 관점에서의 ‘마음’과 ‘가슴’의 의미 관계 분석 연구

송유나 韓國外國語大學校 敎育大學院 2019 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to understand the semantic structure of the two vocabulary by analyzing the expressions of 'maeum' and 'gaseum', and to clarify the Semantic Relations between 'maeum' and 'gaseum'. In this study, the cognitive linguistic viewpoint was applied to analyze the meaning relation between 'maeum' and 'gaseum'. The reason is that cognitive linguistics can discuss the process of semantic construction. Therefore, Conceptual metaphor, Conceptual metonymy, and Conceptual blending theory were used as mechanisms to analyze the conceptualization of vocabulary. As a result of analyzing the conceptualization of 'maeum' and 'gaseum', first, in the case of 'maeum', there exist body metaphor, human metaphor, space metaphor and object metaphor. These analysis results show that the function of 'maeum' is understood by the concept of the body. Furthermore, it was confirmed that 'spatial experience' and 'experience on objects' of 'body' were formed as concepts in our cognition and used to express the semantic characteristics of 'mind'. Then, in case of 'gaseum', it was classified as 'gaseum as body part' and 'gaseum as abstract concept'. In the expression of 'gaseum as a part of the body', there had metonymic expressions that express emotion through 'status of the chest', 'status of body temperature', 'body activity'. On the other hand, 'gaseum as an abstract concept' had metaphors such as 'sensory metaphor', 'space metaphor' and 'object metaphor'. Through these researches, it was found that 'gaseum' has many metonymic expressions due to the characteristic of body parts, and the meaning is extended to abstract concept by structuring meaning through conceptual metaphor. By comparing the conceptualization of 'maeum' and 'gaseum', it was found that there is a common conceptual domain. This means that the two vocabularies form a semantic relations. The reason for this phenomenon is that 'maeum' is located in 'gaseum' in our customary thinking, and 'maeum' and 'gaseum' both function to express emotions. This cognitive function resulted in the conclusion that the two vocabularies interact and form a concept. This analysis is related to the argument in cognitive linguistics that 'human cognitive thinking is derived from the body's perspective and therefore experience gained through the body plays an important role in our cognitive function'. In addition, if a teacher explicitly explains to a Korean learner the process of meaning construction and semantic relations of 'maeum' and 'gaseum' based on contents in this study, the learner will be able to learn based on understanding rather than just memorization. In conclusion, the content of this study is not only a basis for experientialism viewpoint in cognitive linguistics, but also has significance in providing learning contents that can be used for teaching and learning activities in Korean language education.

소도구 활용에 따른 발레 폴드브라(Port de bras)운동 프로그램이 야구선수의 어깨관절 가동범위, 팔 스윙 가속도, 타겟 정확도에 미치는 영향

송유나 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2020 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 소도구 활용에 따른 발레 폴드브라(Port de bras) 운동 프로그램이 야구선수의 어깨관절 가동범위, 팔 스윙 가속도, 타겟 정확도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 성인 야구선수 총 30명으로, 20명의 실험집단과 10명의 대조군으로 하였으며 실험집단 피험자 내 반복실험으로 진행하였다. 독립변인은 사용한 소도구의 종류이다. 소도구는 초당 4.5Hz의 고유진동을 제공하는 바디 블레이드, 보수 위에서 중량 야구공(1.5oz)을 사용하였고 맨 손 집단은 대조군으로 두었다. 발레 폴드브라 프로그램은 앙바, 안아방, 앙오, 알라세꽁 동작을 기본으로 팔의 다양성을 주었고, 발 지지는 운동 조절의 요구가 높아지는 방향으로 수파인, 하프닐링, 런지, 스탠딩, 원 레그 동작을 수행하였다. 종속변인은 어깨관절 가동범위, 팔 스윙 가속도, 타겟 정확도이다. 어깨관절 가동범위는 고니오미터를 사용하여 내회전·외회전을 측정하였다. 팔 스윙 가속도는 푸쉬 밴드를 착용하여 측정하였고, 타겟 정확도는 점수화된 표적판을 이용하였다. 자료처리방법은 SPSS WINDOW 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 집단 간 사전 동질성 검정과 차이를 비교하기 위해 크루스칼 왈리스 검정을 실시하였다. 집단 내 운동 프로그램 전·후비교를 위해 맨휘트니u 검정을 실시하였고 유의수준은 .0.5로 하였다. 소도구 활용에 따른 발레 폴드브라 운동 프로그램 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 발레 폴드브라 운동프로그램 전·후에 세 집단 모두 어깨관절 가동범위는 내회전·외회전 모두 유의하게 증가하였으며, 특히 보수 위에서 중량공 집단에서 어깨관절의 내회전·외회전의 각도가 가장 많이 증가하였다. 둘째, 발레 폴드브라 운동프로그램 전·후에 팔 스윙 가속도는 세 집단 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 특히 소도구를 사용한 집단보다 맨손으로 진행한 대조군에서 가장 큰 증가를 보였다. 셋째, 발레 폴드브라 운동프로그램 전·후에 타겟 정확도는 세 집단 모두 긍정적인 결과를 나타내지는 못 하였다. 바디 블레이드를 사용한 집단과 맨손으로 진행한 대조군은 각각 29%와 18%의 향상도를 보였지만 보수와 중량공 집단은 오히려 –38%로 운동 프로그램 전보다 타겟 정확도가 떨어졌다. 결론적으로 발레 폴드브라 훈련은 어깨관절의 내·외회전 각도, 팔 스윙 가속도, 타겟 정확도 모두에서 효과적이었다. 그러나 세 가지 방법 중에서 보수 위에서 중량공을 가지고 폴드브라 운동을 했을 때, 어깨관절의 내·외회전 각도의 향상도가 가장 컸고, 맨 손으로 운동했을 때 스윙 가속도가 가장 증가하였으며, 바디 블레이드를 가지고 발레 폴드브라 훈련을 했을 때 타겟 정확도가 가장 많이 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 소도구 활용에 따른 발레 폴드브라 운동 프로그램이 야구선수의 어깨관절 가동범위, 팔 스윙 가속도, 그리고 타겟 정확도에 긍정적인 효과를 주는 운동임을 밝혔다는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Port de bras, ballet exercise program with use of small equipments on baseball players’ shoulder motion range, arm swing acceleration, target accuracy. To measure shoulder range of motion, used a goniometer to measure internal rotation, and external rotation. And to measure arm swing acceleration, subjects put on a push band and performed. To measure target acceleration, used a target plate. Scores were written in the plate so it can be used for measurement. Used SPSS WINDOW 23.0 to process the data and calculated. Among the 3 methods, When subjects exercised with port de bras moves with a heavy ball on Bosu, It was effective in improving internal rotation, external rotation of shoulder, arm swing acceleration, and target accuracy. Port de bras, ballet training was effective in improving all the capacity baseball players want to enhance. With this training, increased internal rotation angle of shoulder, external rotation angle of shoulder, arm swing acceleration, and target accuracy. But among the 3 methods, when subjects trained with port de bras exercise with a heavy ball, on ‘Bosu’, the internal and external rotation angle of shoulder joint increased the most. And when subjects did port de bras training with a body blade, target acceleration has increased the most. Therefore, to improve flexibility of shoulder, arm swing acceleration, target accuracy which are essential in playing baseball, baseball players need to train with port de bra exercise program Performed without equipment, and also using body blade, training with a heavy ball standing on ‘Bosu’. Thus, this study is significant since we could find out that port de bras, ballet exercise program with use of small equipment has positive effects on shoulder motion range, arm swing acceleration, and target accuracy of baseball players.

비대면 교육환경에 따른 교육만족 및 전공만족이 대학생의 진로결정에 미치는 영향 : 부산지역 2년제 외식조리 전공자를 대상으로

송유나 경주대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

The emergence of COVID-19 changing the world has also changed our life. People restrain themselves from going out in an effort to minimize their contact with other people to avoid the virus spreading through the human respiratory organs, and thus, the ordinary off-line life has changed to the on-line one. Accordingly, the school education has also changed from the off-line to on-line one. Before the emergence of COVID-19, the on-line education designed to complement the off-line education for the theoretical lecture had continued to develop, but the emergence of COVID-19 would convert not only the theoretical education but also the practice education into on-line one. Accordingly, the colleges are obliged to construct and reform the real-time video educational environment to meet the demands of the time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the educational satisfaction of the real-time video education on our college students' future career decision. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed the preceding studies and thereupon, analyzed the effects of the real-time video education environment on college students' decision on their future careers. Based on the preceding studies, the researcher set the sub-factors of the independent variable or real-time video education as professors' quality, non-physical environment and educational programs. The sub-factors of the satisfaction with the education were set as contents and methods of the education, while those of the satisfaction with the major were set as cognitive satisfaction and curriculum satisfaction. On the other hand, the sub-factors of the future career decision were set as individual, environmental and educational systematic ones. For an experimental analysis, SPSS 26.0 statistical package program was used for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis and simple regression analysis. The results of such analyses can be summed up as follows; First, the males accounted for the majority (66.4%, n=163) compared with the females (33.6%, n=83), while those aged 20 accounted for 44.5% (n=110) and the 2nd graders of the junior college accounted for 52% (n=128). 217 students (87.9%) could well use the computer, which means that the absolute majority of the students could not feel difficult for the real-time video education. On the other hand, 68% (n=168) of the students planned to find jobs after graduation, which is contrary to the preceding studies that had shown many students would study more abroad or establish their own businesses after graduation. Such changes would well prove that the majority of the students wanted to decide on their future career, being conscious of the stable employment due to the social changes caused by COVID-19. Secondly, as a result of the regression analysis of the research model and hypotheses test, it was found that professors' quality and non-physical environment would affect subject students' future career decisions. However, it was found that the students' perceived education contents would not affect the real-time video education environment, which suggests that students should need a time to be adapted to the real-time video education. In case of another sub-factor of the satisfaction with the education, the non-physical environment and educational program were found to affect their satisfaction with the real-time video education. On the other hand, in terms of the subjects' perceived educational method, the professors' quality was less significant than the non-physical environment or educational program. Namely, in the real-time video educational environment, students would feel satisfactory for it if the non-physical educational environment should be smoothly created. Hence, it is required of professors and colleges to create such non-physical environment. Accordingly, this study confirmed that students' satisfaction with the real-time video education would be affected by the non-physical environment. Thirdly, it was found that the non-physical environment had significant effects on such sub-factors of the major satisfaction as cognitive and curriculum satisfactions. Because this study aimed at the out-dining and cooking majors of the junior college, the theory-centered real-time video education was affected most significantly by the non-physical environment. On the other hand, professors' quality had some negative effects on students' satisfaction with the major, which suggests that at the moment from off-line to on-line education, professors were not smoothly prepared for the new paradigm of education. Fourthly, it was found that students' satisfaction with the real-time video education had some significant effects on such sub-factors of decision on future careers as individual, environmental and educational systematic sub-factors. Students' satisfaction with the education is affected by their perceived overall situations. So, if they should be allowed to decide on their future career when being educated real-time or on-line or recoding-based, their decision would be much affected by what they had learned. Fifth, it was found that the students' satisfaction with their major would affect such sub-factors of their future career decision as individual, environmental and eduction-systematic ones. Such a finding may well suggest that only when the students have acquired the knowledge about their major, they would be able to decide on their future career effectively. Hence, it is deemed important in the junior college students' real-time video education to set the non-physical environment effectively. Moreover, it was confirmed through this study that professors' quality and educational programs would be important in terms of educational contents and methods. Thus, it is judged necessary to urge the students to use the non-physical environmental factors as they would become more important. In addition, the pedagogics are deemed important for students' satisfaction with the junior college programs. So, now when the real-time video education has been activated, it is deemed necessary to use diversified pedagogics to help students acquire knowledge, being more prepared for their decision on jobs. Then, the students would well accommodate the information of the education to decide on their future career effectively. Lastly, this study emphasizing the importance of the educational environment for the real-time video education would well suggest that students' decision on their future career would be affected significantly by their satisfaction with education and their major.

朝鮮 初期 刊行 『地藏菩薩本願經』의 書誌學的 硏究

송유나 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내석사

Confucianism was the ruling principle in the Joseon dynasty and Buddhism was weakened because of suppressing Buddhistic rite and ceremony. Nevertheless, Jijang faith of Buddhist faith showed the characteristic which pray for the repose somebody's soul and wished pass away peacefully, it had been consistently prosperous among the loyal and the public. For these reasons, related scripts to this religion 『Jijangbosalwongyeong』 were actively printed since early Joseon dynasty. Especially, since 『Jijangbosalwongyeong』 was started 1449(15C), it was printed seven times in the year of 1450, 1453, 1462, 1469, 1474, 1494. Until now, the study on 『Jijangbosalwongyeong』 is going along in the field of Buddhist studies, History of Buddhist arts, Korean linguistics and Bibliography. But, only one study on the Material Bibliography has progressed in the Bibliography field, it also has its limit. Although printed at the same time, if it was printed reared apart, both forms and contents would be different. It is necessary to study on the Textual Bibliography by comparing to the original to understand among woodblock-printed books. This study, therefore, was to clarify the characteristic and cement the relations among woodblock-printed books through analyzing Textual Bibliography by comparing to the original in the six woodblock-printed books, which was printed 15C and it was the total of seven. The results were following. Firstly, four in six woodblock-printed books, which was published in 1450,1462,1469,1494, “此經 出大藏秘密經 橫字函” was found. I researched to identify the original through these records. 「Jijangbosalwongyeong」 which was embodied in the 『Hongmunamjang』 the completed collection of Buddhist Sutras of government office are the original of Korean woodblock-printed books. Secondly, with 『Hongmunamjang』 compared to 6 woodblock-printed books, the distinct differences were founded each woodblock-printed book. Despite of short public period, misspelling, missing words, decreasing and increasing. It can draw some conclusions from comparing woodblock-printed books's textual. 1) To be specific, it came out that 『Hongmunamjaing』 seems to be less difference the rest of two books(published in 1453, 1474) than four books(it was recorded the original's source, published in 1450, 1462, 1269, 1494). Even though two books(published in 1453, 1474) weren't recorded the original's source, it showed that it were also engraved based on the 『Hongmunamjang』. Particularly, the book(published in 1474) was confirmed that it had most faithful to the original because there was the least difference among them. 2) According to the relationship with four books (it was recorded the original's source, published in 1450, 1462, 1269, 1494), there was same diffrence between the books(published in 1450 and 1462). It demonstrated that the book(published in 1450) had published first, after that, the book(published in 1462) was issued in Gangyeongddogam from same woodblock-printed book (published in 1450). 3) In addition, as time goes on, the books(published in 1450, 1462, 1469, 1494) made more differences with the origianl 『Hongmunamjang』. After 『Hongmunamjang』 passed down, the book(published in 1450, 1462) had been slightly modified based on it and then this revised content was complemented of the books(1469, 1494). 본 연구에서는 조선 초기인 15세기에 간행된 『지장보살본원경』의 본문의 대교를 통한 교감학적 연구를 진행하고자 하며, 이를 통해 판본들의 특성을 확인하고 판본간의 관계를 밝히고자 하다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 접근 상의 어려움으로 1449년본을 제외한 6종의 『지장보살본원경』을 대상으로 삼았다. 교감을 하기 위해 판본을 조사하던 중에 4종인 1450년&#8228;1462년&#8228;1469년&#8228;1494년 판본의 권하말에서 “此經 出大藏秘密經 橫字函”이라는 출처의 기록을 발견하게 되었고, 이를 통해 판본의 저본을 확인하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 명나라의 관판대장경인 『홍무남장』에 수록된 「지장보살본원경」(이하 “『홍무남장』”이라 약칭)이 우리나라 판본들의 저본임을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 『홍무남장』과 6종 판본의 대교는 ① 문자의 차이가 있는 경우 ② 문자의 증감이 있어 해석상 차이가 발생하는 경우로 나누어 살펴보았다. 문자의 증감이 있는 부분은 『홍무남장』에는 나타나지만 우리나라 판본에는 나타나지 않는 경우와 『홍무남장』에는 나타나지 않지만 우리나라 판본에는 나타나는 경우로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이들의 대교를 통해 얻어진 차이를 정리해보면 다음과 같다. 1) 『홍무남장』을 저본으로 한 1450년본, 1462년본, 1469년본, 1494년본은 저본의 출처가 나타나지 않은 판본인 1453년본, 1474년본에 비해 『홍무남장』과의 차이가 더 나타난다. 이는 1453년본과 1474년본도 출처가 기록되지 않았을 뿐이며, 두 종의 판본 모두 『홍무남장』을 저본으로 판각된 것임을 확인한 것이다. 특히 교감 결과, 1474년본은 『홍무남장』과 가장 차이가 적게 나타나고 있는데, 이를 통해 1474년본이 저본에 가장 충실한 판본임을 확인할 수 있었다. 2) 『홍무남장』과의 차이가 적은 판본이었던 1453년본과 1474년본과의 관계를 확인하기 위해 대교의 내용을 살펴본 결과, 1453년본과 1474년본은 차이횟수는 적었지만, 수정처에서 많은 차이가 발생했다. 이를 살펴보면, 1474년본의 경우 『홍무남장』에 충실하게 판각하려고 했으며, 1474년 이전에 나온 판본들을 참고하여 부족한 부분에 대해서는 문자를 추가하거나 문자의 위치를 바꾸면서 완성도를 높이려고 했던 것으로 보인다. 이에 비해 1453년본은 『홍무남장』에는 나타나지만 우리나라 판본에는 나타나지 않는 경우에서 가장 많은 차이를 보이고 있는데, 글자를 탈락시킨 채 판각하거나 문구를 아예 삭제하는 등 판각을 진행하였다. 이는 저본의 출처가 기록된 판본에 비해서는 저본과 가깝지만 1474년본에 비해서는 저본과의 차이가 더 큰 것으로 판단된다. 3) 『홍무남장』을 저본으로 한 1450년본, 1462년본, 1469년본, 1494년본은 시간이 흐름에 따라 차이가 더 발생하고 있다. 이를 살펴보면 『홍무남장』이 전래된 후, 1450년본이 이를 저본으로 하여 약간의 수정을 통해 판각을 했으며, 시간이 흐름에 따라 1469년본과 1494년본에서 또다시 잘못된 부분을 재수정을 하거나 부족 부분을 보완했으며, 이것이 차이를 발생시킨 요인이라 할 수 있다. 4) 대교 결과 1450년본과 1462년본의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 1450년본과 1462년본이 같은 목판을 사용하고 간기만을 바꾼 것으로 추정한 연구(남권희, 2006)를 교감을 통해서 확인한 것이다. 5) 문자의 증감이 있는 부분은 A.『홍무남장』에는 있지만 우리나라 판본에는 없는 경우와 B.『홍무남장』에는 없지만 우리나라 판본에는 있는 경우로 나누어 살펴보았는데, A의 경우는 9건, B의 경우는 35건으로 약 3배의 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 조선 초기에 간행된 7종의 판본 중 접근이 가능한 판본 6종만을 대상으로 삼았기 때문에 조선 초기에 간행된 판본간의 관계를 일반화시키는 것과 『홍무남장』의 권하 부분과 우리나라 판본에서 이에 해당하는 부분만을 대상으로 교감을 했기 때문에 이를 통해 판본들의 관계를 확정짓는 것에는 한계가 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 처음으로 조선 초기 간행 『지장보살본원경』을 교감학적으로 연구함으로써 판본별 특성과 판본간의 관계를 파악할 수 있었다는 것에서 연구의 의의로 삼고자 한다.

아동의 성격유형과 창의성과의 관계 연구

송유나 성균관대학교 2007 국내석사

ABSTRACT The Study on Relationship between Personality Types and Creativity of Children Song, Yoo Na Department of Child Psychology and Education Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University The Purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in creative traits(personality, thinking disposition, motivation disposition) and creative achievement(creative problem solving ability) according to the personality types of elementary school students who were classified by MMTIC. In this study, the personality types consist of two parts, which are four preference tendency(Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-iNtuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving) and four temperament types(SJ, SP, NF, NT). The study questions were as follows: First, How is the relationship between personality types and creative problem solving ability of children? Second, How is the relationship between personality types and creative traits of children? Third, How is the relationship between creative traits and creative problem solving ability of children? The subjects were 199 elementary school students of 6th grade. To assess their creative achievement, a creative problem solving task was carried out and their products were judged by 4 experts. Children's creative traits(personality, thinking disposition, motivation disposition) were assessed by CIS(Creative Inventory for Young Students). The data were analyzed by Correlation Analysis and MANOVA. The results of this study were summarized as follows: First, the preference tendency groups of N(Intuition) and P(Perceiving) significantly correlated with novelty, resolution and elegant & synthesis of creative problem solving ability. It was also revealed that the groups of NF(Intuition/Feeling) and NT(Intuition/Thinking) who prefer to use intuitional cognition and have openness to the problem were on a higher level of creative problem solving ability than the groups of SJ(sensing/judging) and SP(sensing/perceiving). Second, the preference tendency groups of E(Extroversion), N(Intuition) and P(Perceiving) significantly correlated with creative traits composed of personality, thinking disposition, motivation disposition. It was also revealed that the groups of NF(Intuition/Feeling) and NT(Intuition/Thinking) who prefer to use intuitional cognition and have openness to the problem had much more creative traits than the groups of SJ(Sensing/Judging) and SP(Sensing/Perceiving). Third, the creative traits which the children possess significantly correlated with creative problem solving ability. In conclusion, it was found that there were significant differences in creative traits and creative problem solving ability of children according to their personality types. It means that the creative traits and creative ability that the children possess are differ from one by one. Especially, the groups of children who prefer to use intuitional cognition and have openness to the problem had much more creative traits as well as were on a high level of creative ability. The findings of this study suggested that the educators and parents need to recognize the differences caused by personality types of children. In addition, the educators and parents should offer appropriate educational support in accordance with personality types of children to develop their strength.

충남지역 출토 백제시대 고대 유리구슬의 고고화학적 분석 고찰

송유나 公州大學校 大學院 2006 국내석사

예비고령자 및 고령자의 육류조림 기호도에 영향을 미치는 감각 및 품질 특성

송유나 이화여자대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and cognitive structure of products preferred by older adults, in order to develop ways to improve the quality of senior-friendly food products. To achieve this, animal protein-based food, specifically braised beef and pork in soy sauce was used as the sample. A descriptive analysis was conducted with a panel of 11 trained individuals in their 20s to evaluate 10 different commercially braised beef and pork in soy sauce. A total of 82 individuals aged 50 and above were surveyed to assess the hedonic ratings of 8 different commercially available braised beef and pork in soy sauce. And the results were compared based on age and the presence of swallowing disorder. Additionally, liking and disliking factors were analyzed, and perceptions and consumption behaviors related to senior-friendly food, meat, and braised meat in soy sauce were investigated. Through the sorted Napping, the cognitive structure of braised beef and pork in soy sauce and methods of product classification were examined among older adults. In 'Study 1,' a descriptive analysis and analysis of physico-chemical properties were conducted to investigate sensory characteristics and quality attributes. The results of the descriptive analysis of the 10 braised beef and pork in soy sauce revealed a total of 25 characteristics, with 20 characteristics showing significant differences among the samples, excluding smoked smell, sweet taste, bitter taste, umami, and savory taste. General braised beed in soy sauce (SGB) was rated highly for brown, surface gloss, grain of meat, pepper flavor, soupy, residual, toughness, chewiness, and roughness. The general pork product (BGP) exhibited strong chili pepper and garlic flavors, while the general pork product (DGP) showed pronounced soy sauce flavor and salty taste. Among senior-friendly products, HSB and HSP were highly rated for lumpiness, oil flavor, nutty flavor, smoothness, moistness, and a swallowing. The senior-friendly product SSP had a strong gamey smell. The analysis of quality attributes, including pH, color value, water content, salinity, sugar content, and texture properties of the 10 samples, showed that HSP and SSP, pork senior-friendly foods, had higher pH levels. SSP had higher L and b values, and SGP had a higher a value. Water content was higher in pork samples compared with beef samples from the same manufacturer, and senior-friendly products had lower saltiness and sugar content. Overall, senior-friendly products (HSB and HSP) had a softer texture. Multiple factor analysis of the descriptive analysis data and physico-chemical properties showed that braised beef and pork in soy sauce from the same manufacturer exhibited similar characteristics despite differences in the variety of meat used. In “Study 2”, the sorted Napping and consumer preferences about eight braised beef and pork in soy sauce, selected based on the textural characteristics obtained from the descriptive analysis, were investigated for older adults. During the sorted Napping, older adults primarily recognized attributes such as roughness, smoothness, sweet taste, and salty taste. A distinction was observed between senior-friendly foods and general braised meat samples, and senior-friendly product samples could also be differentiated based on the manufacturer. Furthermore, when compared to the overall liking ratings, it was evident that products were divided based on preference. Participants showed a high recognition of swallowing disorder(61.0%) and a low incidence of swallowing disorder(67.1%). More participants had not purchased senior-friendly foods, with "Never heard of it(41.7%)" being the most common reason for not purchasing. "For taking nutrition(31.8%)" was the primary reason for purchasing. Participants had a high preference for meat, with 56.1% consuming it 2~3 times a week. The primary reason for preference was "For taking nutrition(55.7%)," with "Taste (30.5%)" being the most important factor when consuming meat. Participants who had purchased braised meat in soy sauce more frequently had preferences for "Easy to eat(47.1%)" and were less likely to “Cooking it myself(48.4%)”. "Taste (45.1%)" was the most important factor in braised meat in soy sauce preference. The consumer preference survey for braised beef and pork in soy sauce among older consumers showed that BGP, a general product with pork, was the most preferred option across all categories, except for color preference. However, senior-friendly products scored lower in overall liking, appearance preference, color preference, flavor preference, taste preference, texture preference, familiarity, purchase intention, and recommendation intention. Among the sensory intensities, sweetness and softness were rated closest to 'just right' for CGB, saltiness for SSP, and swallowing for DGB. Participants aged 75 and older rated familiarity, purchase intention, and recommendation intention higher than participants aged 74 and younger. Participants with difficulty in swallowing rated overall liking, color preference, flavor preference, texture preference, and recommendation intention higher. Familiarity, taste preference, texture preference, overall liking, and swallowing were positively correlated with purchase intention, also age and saltiness influenced recommendation intention. The liking factors for braised beef and pork in soy sauce included brown, lumpiness, grain of meat, smoked smell, chili pepper flavor, soy sauce flavor, savory taste, salty taste, umami, smoothness, chewiness, moistness, and swallowing. The disliking factors included brown, lumpiness, smoked smell, Gamey smell, soy sauce flavor, sweet taste, salty taste, smoothness, soupy, toughness, chewiness. BGP, with high overall preference, was preferred for chili pepper flavor, savory taste, and brown but was not preferred for brown. Senior-friendly products were preferred for moistness, smoothness, savory taste, lumpiness, and swallowing but were not preferred for smoothness, lumpiness, gamey smell, and soy sauce flavor. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensory and quality characteristics of braised beef and pork in soy sauce and to contribute to the development of senior-friendly foods with high palatability by understanding the perceptions of prospective older adults. It is expected that this study can serve as fundamental data for the research of senior-friendly foods consisting of meat and braised dishes. Additionally, the application of sensory attributes from highly preferred products to senior-friendly foods for quality improvement implies the potential to develop products that meet the demands of older adults. 본 연구에서는 예비고령자 및 고령자가 선호하는 제품의 특성과 인지 구조를 분석하여 고령친화식품의 품질개선 방안을 마련하는 것이 목적이다. 이에 동물성 단백질 급원 식품이며, 예비고령자 및 고령자가 선호하는 재료와 맛, 조리방법으로 만들어진 육류조림을 시료로 사용하였다. <연구 1>에서는 훈련된 20대 패널 11명을 대상으로 시중에 판매되는 육류조림 10종의 묘사분석을 진행하였다. <연구 2>에서는 50세 이상의 예비고령자 및 고령자 82명을 대상으로 sorted Napping을 통해 육류조림 인지 구조와 제품 분류 방법에 대해 알아보았다. 또한 고령친화식품, 육류, 육류조림에 대한 인식 및 소비행동과 시판 육류조림 8종의 기호도를 조사하였고 선호 및 비선호 요인을 분석하였다. <연구 1>에서는 제품의 관능특성과 품질특성을 분석하였다. 육류조림 시료 10종에 대한 묘사분석 결과, 총 25개의 특성이 도출되었으며, 훈연향, 단맛, 쓴맛, 감칠맛, 풍미 있는 맛을 제외한 20개의 특성에서 시료 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 일반 소고기 육류조림인 SGB의 갈색, 윤기, 고기의 결, 후추 향미, 텁텁함, 잔여감, 질김, 씹힘성, 거침이 높게 평가되었다. 돼지고기 일반제품인 BGP는 고추 향미와 마늘 향미, DGP는 간장 향미와 짠맛이 강하게 나타났다. 고령친화제품 중 HSB와 HSP는 덩어리짐, 기름 향미, 고소한 향미, 부드러움, 촉촉함, 부드러운 목넘김이 높게 평가되었으며, 고령친화식품인 SSP는 누린내가 강하게 나타났다. 육류조림 10종의 pH, 색도, 수분함량, 염도, 당도, 조직감 등 품질특성을 분석한 결과, 돼지고기 고령친화인증 제품인 HSP와 SSP의 pH가 높았으며, 색도 중 명도와 황색도는 SSP, 적색도는 SGP가 높게 나타났다. 수분함량은 동일한 제조사의 육류조림 중 우육 조림보다 돈육 조림의 수분함량이 높았고, 고령친화제품 육류조림의 염도와 당도가 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 조직감은 전반적으로 고령친화식품인 HSB와 HSP가 낮았다. 묘사분석 데이터와 품질특성 결과를 다중 요인분석한 결과, 원료육이 다름에도 불구하고 동일한 제조사의 육류조림이 유사한 특성을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. <연구 2>에서는 묘사분석의 질감 특성 결과를 반영하여 선정된 육류조림 8종의 sorted Napping, 소비자 조사를 통해 예비고령자 및 고령 소비자의 기호도와 제품 인지 구조를 확인하였다. 예비고령자 및 고령자들은 sorted Napping 수행 시 질김, 부드러움, 단맛, 짠맛을 주로 인식하였다. 고령친화식품과 일반 육류조림이 구분되었고 원료육에 따른 분류는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 전반적인 기호도 결과와 비교해 보았을 때 선호도에 따라 제품이 나누어진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 조사대상자 중 연하곤란에 대해 알고 있는 비율은 61.0%로 높았으며 저작의 어려움을 겪는 비율은 32.9%였다. 고령친화식품의 구매 경험이 없는 대상자가 더 많았으며 구매하지 않은 이유로는 ‘들어본 적이 없어서(41.7%)’가 가장 많았고 구매 이유로는 ‘영양가가 많아서(31.8%)’가 가장 높았다. 육류에 대한 선호도는 높았으며 1주일에 2~3회 섭취하는 비율이 56.1%로 가장 높았다. 선호 이유는 ‘영양가가 많아서(55.7%)’가 가장 많았고 육류 섭취 시 가장 중요하게 생각하는 부분은 ‘맛(30.5%)’의 비율이 높았다. 육류조림에 대한 선호도는 보통 이상이었으며, 구매 경험이 있는 대상자가 더 많았다. 구매 이유로는 ‘먹기 편해서(47.1%)’가 가장 많았고 67.7%가 주로 소고기 조림을 구매하는 것으로 나타났으며, 비구매 이유로는 ‘직접 요리해서(48.4%)’의 비율이 높았다. 육류조림에서 가장 중요한 부분은 ‘맛(45.1%)’이었다. 육류조림에 대한 예비고령자 및 고령자의 기호도 조사 결과, 일반 돈육 제품인 BGP가 가장 선호되었으며, 전반적인 기호도, 외관 기호도, 향/냄새 기호도, 맛 기호도, 질감 기호도, 친숙도, 구매 의도, 추천 의도 등 색상/색깔 기호도를 제외한 모든 항목에서 가장 높았다. 또한, 고령친화제품의 전반적인 기호도, 외관 기호도, 색상/색깔 기호도, 향/냄새 기호도, 맛 기호도, 친숙도가 낮게 나타났다. 특히 돼지고기 고령친화제품인 SSP과 HSP의 구매 의도와 추천 의도 점수가 낮았다. 특성 강도 중 단맛과 부드러움은 CGB, 짠맛은 SSP, 부드러운 목넘김은 DGB에서 ‘적당하다’를 나타내는 4점과 가장 가까운 점수가 나타났다. 연령에 따른 기호도 차이를 비교하였을 때, 75세 이상의 소비자는 74세 이하의 소비자보다 육류조림의 친숙도, 구매 의도, 추천 의도를 높게 평가하였다. 삼킴장애에 따른 기호도 비교 결과, 삼킴장애가 있는 대상자는 삼킴장애가 없는 대상자보다 전반적인 기호도, 색상/색깔 기호도, 향/냄새 기호도, 질감 기호도, 추천 의도 점수가 더 높았다. 조사대상자의 친숙도, 맛 기호도, 질감 기호도, 전반적인 기호도, 부드러운 목넘김이 높을수록 제품에 대한 소비자의 구매 의도가 높아지며 추천 의도에는 향/냄새 기호도도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 선호 요인으로 갈색, 덩어리짐, 고기의 결, 훈연향, 고추 향미, 간장 향미, 고소한 향미, 짠맛, 감칠맛, 부드러움, 씹힘성, 촉촉함, 부드러운 목넘김이 주로 선택되었고, 비선호 요인으로는 갈색, 덩어리짐, 훈연향, 누린내, 간장 향미, 단맛, 짠맛, 부드러움, 텁텁함, 질김, 씹힘성이 높은 빈도로 선택되었다. 기호도 점수가 높은 돼지고기 일반 육류조림 시료인 BGP의 선호 요인으로 고추 향미, 감칠맛, 갈색이 주로 선택되었고 비선호 요인으로는 갈색이 나타났다. 고령친화제품의 선호 요인으로는 촉촉함, 부드러움, 고소한 향미, 덩어리짐, 부드러운 목넘김이 나타났으며 부드러움, 덩어리짐, 누린내, 간장 향미 특성은 선호하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 육류조림의 관능 및 품질특성을 분석하고 예비고령자 및 고령자의 인식을 이해하여 기호도가 높은 고령친화식품 개발에 기여하고자 하였다. 이는 육류 및 조림으로 구성된 고령친화식품의 연구 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 선호도가 높은 제품의 관능특성을 고령친화식품에 적용하여 품질을 개선하고 예비고령자 및 고령자의 요구를 충족하는 제품을 개발할 수 있을 것임을 시사한다.