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송원옥 대한지방행정공제회 1967 地方行政 Vol.16 No.160

Soy Isoflavones as Safe Functional Ingredients

송원옥,천옥경,황인경,신한승,김봉관,김건수,이상연,신다연,이성지 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4

In recent years, isoflavones have increased in popularity as an alternative to estrogen therapy, particularly af-trogen and progesterone intervention. Isoflavones are heterocyclic phenols with structural similarity to estradiol-17beta andselective estrogen receptor modulators. Actions at the cellular level depend on the target tissue, receptor status of the tissue,and the level of endogenous estrogen. Clinical studies of soy-based diets evaluating the relation between soy consumptionand serum lipid concentrations revealed that soy consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipopro-tein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of soy protein on breast tissue asucts also alleviate menopausal symptoms by reducing hot flashes. However, whether these biological effects of soy productsoriginated from isoflavones is not clear. Furthermore, data available from human studies on the effect of isoflavones on os-teoporosis are limited, and additional studies are needed to support a role in osteoporosis prevention. To date, no adverse ef-fects of short- or long-term use of soy proteins are known in humans, and the only adverse effects known are those reportedin animals. In conclusion, isoflavones are biologically active compounds, and current data are insufficient to draw definitiveconclusions regarding thhe use of isoflavones as an alternative to estrogeen for hormone replacemment in postmenopausal woomen.Large, long-term intervention studies examining adverse effects and disease outcomes are needed before definitive conclu-sion can be drawn.

Are Dietary Patterns Associated with Depression in U.S. Adults?

김우경,신다연,송원옥 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.11

Nutrition is one of the most important modifiable determinants for and consequences of both mental and physical heath. Depression has become an increasingly important public health issue. We tested whether dietary patterns derived from food group intake are associated with depression in U.S. adults in a cross-sectional study with national population. This study included 4180 men and 4196 women aged 20–79 years in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), with complete data of one 24-h dietary recall, sociodemographics, lifestyles, and Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) for screening depression. Two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were investigated for their associations with presence of depression (PHQ-9 score ‡10) by using linear and multivariate logistic regressions. One of two major patterns, labeled ‘‘Western’’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of nonwhole grain, white potatoes, cheese, meat, discretionary oil and fat, and added sugar; the second dietary pattern that was labeled ‘‘Healthy’’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, nuts and seeds. The ‘‘Western’’ dietary pattern was not significantly associated with depression in both men and women. The ‘‘Healthy’’ dietary pattern scores were inversely associated with the PHQ-9 depression scores and odd ratios (ORs) of depression after adjustment for covariates in women but not in men. The OR of depression in women with the highest quintile of ‘‘Healthy’’ dietary pattern scores was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.85, P < .001) compared to the lowest quintile as a reference. These findings warrant future interventions or clinical trials in elucidating causal and effect relations of depression and dietary patterns, an important public health concern.

재미 한인의 식생활 변화와 관련된 건강 상태 연구

양은주,김화영,송원옥 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

Differences in dietary intake of Korean Americans (KA) by the length of residence in the U.S. were studied in relation to health and disease patterns in Michigan. Of 1860 questionnaires mailed, 637 (34.3%) responded with demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported disease patterns, lifestyle, and dietary patterns (93-item FFQ developed for KA). Complete responses were available for 498 people (263 men, 253 women, aged 30-87 yr), who were then divided into three groups based on the number of years lived in the U.S.: 15y, 16-25y, 26y. Age-adjusted weight, height, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were within the normal ranges and did not differ among the three groups. Chronic diseases frequently reported in men and women (age-adjusted) included hypertension (14.4%, 14.1%), digestive diseases (5.4%, 8.5%), diabetes (3.6%, 4.9%), and arthritis (3.3%, 12.5%), respectively. The length of residence in the U.S. was inversely associated with the age-adjusted prevalence of digestive diseases (12.4%, 6.5%, 0.4% in men, 13.0%, 11.7%, 0% in women). The length of residence was positively associated with health consciousness, receiving regular health care, taking supplements regularly, and exercising, while inversely related to smoking. The majority favored American foods for breakfast and Korean foods for dinner. Foods frequently consumed included cooked rice (w/other grains), kimchi, coffee (w/cream and sugar), bread (white and dark), citrus juice, milk (low fat and skim), lettuce and cucumber, apple, seaweed, and soda. Intake frequency of the Korean starch food group was inversely associated with the length of residence for both men and women (p<0.001), but not with the American starch food group. Fat intake did not differ by the length of residence in the U.S. The dietary changes were associated with the length of residence and chronic disease patterns for the first generation of KA, which should be further examined 'for the subsequent generation of KA.

한국인의 대사증후군과 다량 영양소의 섭취패턴

정현주 (Jung,Hyun Ju ),송원옥 (Song,Won Ok ),백희영 (Paik,Hee-Young ),정효지 (Joung,Hyojee ) 韓國營養學會 2011 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.44 No.2

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is heavily dependent on dietary and lifestyle practices, is prevalent in Korean adults. Because dietary practices are unique for each race, nationality, and culture, it is important to identify Korean adult dietary practices that are associated with MetS. Macronutrient intake patterns were analyzed and compared across health status using the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (8,143 adults who had dietary data and biomarkers related to MetS). Although intake levels were different by age, gender, and health status, carbohydrate intake was high and fat intake was low among Korean adults. The carbohydrate energy ratio was higher and the fat energy ratio was lower for subjects > 60 years old who were diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, or MetS than those in other age groups. The main source of fat from food differed depending on the group. These results demonstrated that macronutrient intake patterns were different between age, gender, and health status subgroups. Hence, it is recommended that nutritional policy and practices aimed at controlling MetS should be based on the dietary characteristics of the target group. (Korean J Nutr 2011; 44 (2): 119 ~ 130)

Beneficial Effects of Korean Traditional Diets in Hypertensive and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

정수진,박수현,최은경,차연수,조백환,김영곤,김민걸,송원옥,박태선,고재기,소병옥,채수완 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.1

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes has been increasing rapidly in Korea. The rate of increase has paralleled the replacement of Korean traditional diets (KTD), which emphasize vegetables and fermented foods, with western style dietary patterns that are rich in animal foods and saturated fat. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of the KTD in controlling fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. Forty-one patients (61.8 – 1.5 years) who were taking medications prescribed for respective diseases were recruited from the Chonbuk National University Hospital for participation in a 12-week, parallel, controlled clinical trial. The control group (n = 20) was advised to ‘‘eat as usual,’’ whereas the experimental KTD diet group (n = 21) was fed the KTD three times a day for 12 weeks. At the end of the trial, both groups had lower body mass index, % body fat, and waist–hip ratio compared to the baseline values (P< .05). Compared to the control group, the KTD group had a greater mean change (P< .05) from the baseline forglycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ( - 0.72% vs. - 0.25%) and heart rate ( - 7.1 vs. + 1.6). Regular consumption of the KTD for 12 weeks by hypertensive and T2D patients resulted in favorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors.

Ethanol Extract of Inonotus obliquus Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

김호경,김태웅,Deok-Hyo Yoon,Chun-Hoi Kim,Bhushan Shrestha,장우철,So-yeon Lim,Won-Ho Lee,Je-O Lee,Mi-Hee Lim,Geun-Young Kim,최성아,송원옥,Jae-Mo Sung,황기철,Sang-Guk Han 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1

Inonotus obliquus(Pers.:Fr.) Pil. is a white rot fungus that belongs to the family Hymenochaetaceae of Ba-sidiomycetes. Extracts and fractions of this fungus have been known to have biological activities, including antimutagenic,anticancer, antioxidative, and immunostimulating effects. Recently, there have been reports that the anti-inflammatory and an-tinociceptive properties of the methanol extract of I. obliquusmay be due to the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide (NO) syn-thase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression via the down-regulation of nuclear factor .B (NF-.B) binding ac-tivity. However, the effects of I. obliquusmediator production have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, a 70% ethanol extract of I. obliquus(IOE70) showedantioxidative effects. We also tested the ability of the I. obliquusextract to inhibit the inflammatory cascades in lipopolysac-charide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The NO inhibition of IOE70 was better than that of other ethanol ex-tracts from I. obliquus. To investigate the mechanism by which IOE 70 inhibits NO production and iNOS and COX-2 ex-pression, we examined the activations of I.B., Akt, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in LPS-activated macrophages.IOE70 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of I.B.macrophages. Taken together, these experiments demonstrated that IOE70 inhibition of LPS-induced expression of iNOS andCOX-2 protein is mediated by Akt and JNK. Based on our findings, the most likely mechanism that can account for this bi-ological effect of IOE70 involves the inhibition of NF-.B through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/I.B pathway and theinhibition of JNK activation. Thus, IOE70 might have useful clinical applications in the management of inflammatory dis-eases and may also be useful as a medicinal food.