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Physiological and Histological Characteristics of Berry Cracking in Grapes (Vitis spp.)
손인창,김선규,김길하,김학현 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.5
To assess varietal differences in berry cracking and cracking pattern by berry set position, stomatal number, berry development, soluble solids, and percent of berry cracking were examined along with SEM observation of berry skin in heated plastic house-grown ‘Kyoho’, ‘King Dela’, and ‘Fujiminori’ grapes. Stomatal numbers of berry skin by position were 5.3 (calyx-end trisection), 7.7 (equatorial trisection), and 1.7 (stem-end trisection) in ‘Kyoho’, 4.8, 3.2, and 1.8 in ‘King Dela’, and 9.5, 5.3, and 3.2 in ‘Fujiminori’ grapes. Crack-sensitive ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Kyoho’ grape showed rapid berry growth of stage III after veraison compared to that of crack-insensitive ‘King Dela’ grape. Difference in fruit firmness between berry setting position was quite differ in ‘Fujiminori’, representing 0.65 kg/φ5 mm at the calyx-end and 1.45 kg/φ5mm at the stem-end, while those of ‘King Dela’ were not significantly different. Soluble solids contents were increased gradually regardless of berry set position in ‘King Dela’, while ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Fujiminori’ grapes showed 1 to 2° Bx higher TSS contents at calyx-end position compared to those of stem-end and equator position. Percent berry cracking of ‘Fujiminori’, ‘Kyoho’, and ‘King Dela’ was 6.8%, 4.8%, and 0%, respectively. Percent cracking at the calyx-end, equator, and stem-end were 56%, 32%, and 12% in ‘Kyoho’, 82.5%, 7.5%, and 10% in ‘Fujiminori’, respectively. Thus calyx-ends were more prone to cracking in two cultivars. SEM observation revealed large crack at stylar scar on calyx-end in ‘Fujiminori’. As berry growth advanced, stomata were mainly distributed at the stem-end in ‘King Dela’, while those were densely distributed at the calyx-end in ‘Fujiminori’. Berry cracking was apparent at and around degenerated stomata after veraison in ‘Fujiminori’.