석릉(碩陵) 출토 금구자기(金釦瓷器)의 특징과 성분 분석

성기열,Sung, Kiyeol 국립문화재연구원 2020 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.53 No.1

이 글은 석릉(石陵)에서 출토된 자기에 대한 과학적 분석을 통해 금구자기(金釦瓷器)임을 밝히고, 그 현황과 특징을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해 하한(1237)년도가 명확한 고려 왕릉에서 출토된 금구자기를 부각시키고, 한정적이었던 금구자기 연구에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 국립문화재연구소에서 실시한 석릉 발굴 조사 결과, 석실 내부에서 청자, 금·청동·철제품 등 다양한 유물을 수습하였다. 청자는 총 160점이 확인되었는데 기종은 대접, 접시, 잔, 잔탁 등이다. 이 중 구연에 금속 테가 확인되는 청자는 잔편까지 포함하면 총 58점으로, 기종은 대접, 접시, 뚜껑, 잔탁 등으로 다양하다. 기존의 여러 전시와 논문을 통해 알려진 석릉 출토 금구자기는 <청자양각국화문대접> 1점으로 파악되었다. 그러나 이번 조사를 통해 다수의 금구자기를 확인할 수 있었다. 현재까지 금구장식은 전세품과 출토품을 통해 상급의 품질을 지닌 청자에 국한되어 나타나는 것으로 이해되었다. 그러나 석릉 출토품을 통해 금구자기에는 다양한 기종과 품질이 있다는 사실이 확인되었다. 석릉에서 출토된 58점의 금구자기 중 12점을 선별하여 과학적 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 금구장식에 사용된 주 성분은 주석(Sn)으로 파악되었으며 미량의 구리(Cu), 납(Pb) 등이 공통적으로 확인되었다. 또한 금구장식을 접착한 물질은 가죽이나 근육, 뼈 등을 원료로 하는 교(膠)로 확인된다. 석릉 출토 금구자기는 파주 혜음원지 출토품의 성분과 동일하게 확인되는데, 당시 금구자기의 제작 기법을 명의 송응성(宋應星)이 저술한 『천공개물(天工開物)』을 통해 추정하였다. 주석은 은백색의 광택과 잘 변색되지 않는 특징을 갖고 있으며, 인체에 무해하기 때문에 청자 구연에 부착하였던 것으로 생각된다. 당시에 주석, 구리 등의 금속은 구하기 힘들었을 것이며, 『선화봉사고려도경(宣和奉使高麗圖經)』을 통해 당시 금속을 사용할 수 있었던 계층이 한정적이었음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 금구자기의 사용은 왕실을 중심으로 이루어졌던 것으로 보았다. The purpose of this paper is to share the status and introduce a scientific analysis of the GeumguJagi (gilt-silver overlay porcelain, 金釦瓷器) excavated from Seongneung (石陵). This analysis aimed to highlight the GeumguJagi excavated from the Royal Tombs of Goryeo with a clear lower year (1237) and to aid research into the GeumguJagi. In 2001, the National Institute of Cultural Heritage excavated and investigated Seongneung in Heejong (熙宗). Various artifacts such as celadon, gold, bronze, and iron products were collected from the chambers inside of the tomb. There were a total of 160 celadon items including bowls, dishes, glasses, and saucers. Of those, there were 58 celadon items (including fragments) with metal frames on the openings. These consisted of bowls, plates, lids, and saucers. Until recently, in various exhibitions and papers, only one GeumguJagi was known to have been excavated from Seongneung, which was a <Celadon Embossed Chrysanthemum Bowl>. However, the survey identified a number of further GeumguJagis. It had been understood from inherited and excavated products that the materials used for ornaments were restricted to high-quality celadon. However, this study confirmed that the excavation of Seongneung demonstrated the use of various other materials for different models and qualities of GeumguJagis. It can be said that it is characteristic that various models and quality are confirmed together through the excavation of Seongneung. A scientific analysis was carried out that selected 12 of 58 products excavated from Seongneung. Results showed that the main component used for Geumgu ornaments was tin (Sn), and trace amounts of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were also commonly identified. When analyzing the material used to affix the metal fittings, this was found to be glue (膠) made from animal skins, muscle, and bones. This pattern matches that of the GeumguJagi excavated from Paju Hyeeumwonji, and the reason for this could be assumed on the basis of the contents of the 『Cheongonggaemul (天工開物)』 written by Song Ongsung (宋應星) during the Ming Dynasty. At that time, metals such as tin and copper would have been difficult to obtain. 『Xuānhwafengshi Gaolitujing (宣和奉使高麗圖經)』 shows that the use of metal was limited to certain classes; thus, the use of the GeumguJagi seems to have been centered around the royal family.

위의 석회화 점액성 선암 - 2예 보고 -

성기열 대한영상의학회 1983 대한영상의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

There is a great variety of abdominal calciffications of varying etiology. Among them, calcification in gastric carcinoma is rare. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous report of calcifying mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach in Korea. In the present communication, we report two cases of this rare tumor. The first case was 27 years old female who had anorexia and plapable mass in the epigastrium. By palpation, a firm non-tendor large mass felt in the epigastrium. A plain abdominal film showed numerous punctate calcifications in the left upper quadrant (Fig. 1). Film from an upper G-I series demonstrated findings of advanced gastric carcinoma with multiple punctate calcifications involving the antrum and body (Fig. 2). Gastroscopic biopsy proved the lesion to be mucinous adenocarcinoma (signet ring cell type). The second case was 38 years old female who complained of nausea, vomiting and weight loss. On physical examination, she appeared normal. Routine laboratory tests were within normal limits. A plain abdominal film revealed stippled calcifications in the left upper quadrant medial to the splenic shadow (Fig. 3). The film from an upper G-I geries showed a mass in the fundus and upper body of stomach with multiple stippled calcifications along th elesser curvature (Fig. 4). Subtotal gastrectomy was performed and the pathologic finding was calcifying mucinous adenocarcinoma (signet ring cell type).

비냉각 검출기를 이용한 소화기용 저전력 열상모듈 설계

성기열,곽동민,곽기호,김도종,유준,Sung, Gi-Yeul,Kwak, Dong-Min,Kwak, Ki-Ho,Kim, Do-Jong,Lyou, Joon 한국군사과학기술학회 2007 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.10 No.4

This paper introduces the design techniques of an IR module using the 2-D array un-cooled type infrared detector which is applied to the individual combat weapon. Considering the size and weight of the hand carried weapon system, we used a very small-sized detector and applied an adaptive temperature control algorithm so that the operation consumed with low power can be possible. We applied the AR(Auto Regressive) filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in a thermal image processing step. We also applied the plateau equalization and boundary enhancement techniques to improve the visibility for human visual system.

야지 자율주행을 위한 환경에 강인한 지형분류 기법

성기열,유준,Sung, Gi-Yeul,Lyou, Joon 한국군사과학기술학회 2010 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.13 No.5

This paper presents a vision-based robust off-road terrain classification method against environmental variation. As a supervised classification algorithm, we applied a neural network classifier using wavelet features extracted from wavelet transform of an image. In order to get over an effect of overall image feature variation, we adopted environment sensors and gathered the training parameters database according to environmental conditions. The robust terrain classification algorithm against environmental variation was implemented by choosing an optimal parameter using environmental information. The proposed algorithm was embedded on a processor board under the VxWorks real-time operating system. The processor board is containing four 1GHz 7448 PowerPC CPUs. In order to implement an optimal software architecture on which a distributed parallel processing is possible, we measured and analyzed the data delivery time between the CPUs. And the performance of the present algorithm was verified, comparing classification results using the real off-road images acquired under various environmental conditions in conformity with applied classifiers and features. Experiments show the robustness of the classification results on any environmental condition.

사용후핵연료 관리에 필요한 인수기준(안) 도출

성기열,도일우,이상진,박상훈,전관식 한국방사성폐기물학회 2014 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.12 No.1

口碑傳承 變異에 關한 一考察 : 說話「오랑캐」의 경우

成耆說 국어국문학회 1972 국어국문학 Vol.- No.58-60

대학 교양국어 관견

성기열 한국국어교육학회 1989 새국어교육 Vol.45 No.1

사용후핵연료 수송방안 분석 평가 체계 구축

성기열,윤정현,김태만,김형진,이수홍 한국방사성폐기물학회 2011 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.9 No.1

사용후핵연료 수송시스템 국산화 타당성 분석

성기열,김태만,김형진,조천형,윤정현 한국방사성폐기물학회 2010 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.8 No.2

퇴색된 건국신화 - 하음 봉씨 시조 전설

성기열 한국학중앙연구원 1982 한국학 Vol.5 No.4