파리 집합주거 입면계획 경향에 관한 연구 - 2011년 파리 집합주거 공모전 당선작을 중심으로 -

석정호,Seok, Jeong-Ho 한국주거학회 2013 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.5

This study is aimed to investigate the characteristics of the elevations in the contemporary multi-family residential buildings in Paris. The survey was performed by studying 30 buildings which had won the multi-family residential project competitions, held in Paris in 2011. Since 30 buildings in the survey will be constructed in Paris in a couple of years, current trends of the elevations of the multi-family residential buildings can be extracted. Historically and also currently, in France, the multi-family housing has been studied to solve the various social problems; especially in Paris where the historical buildings and the modern and the contemporary buildings stand together in perfect harmony. The uniform elevations of the multi-family residential buildings in Korea, have been consist problems in the country. By studying the building elevations in Paris, the solutions to solve the current problems and to improve the situation, can be found. The study will be discussed in three different categories. First of all, the volume and the mass of building in the survey buildings, will be analyzed. Secondly, the openings in the facade, such as the windows and the balconies of the survey projects, will be analyzed. Finally, the materials and the colors of the facade will be discussed. By analyzing the elevations of the multi-family residential building projects, which had won the competitions, and are soon to be built in Paris, the various experiments and the attempts in building elevations, currently happening in Paris which is mostly known as a Haussmann style city, can be presumed, as well as the willingness of the city to reserve the historic buildings in the city.

불안의 생물학적 근원

석정호,김세주,김찬형,Seok Jeong-Ho,Kim Se-Joo,Kim Chan-Hyung 대한불안의학회 2005 대한불안의학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Anxiety is one of the basic emotions which human experiences across different cultures in the world and it can be observed in mammals. Our understanding of the neurobiology of this emotion has made some advances, even though it has not been completed, with the development and advance in the investigation method including neuroimaging, neurochemical, and genetic approaches. In this article, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of anxiety is reviewed. The amygdaloid complex has been known to playa key role in processing of anxiety or fear. It has extensive afferent and/or efferent connections with cortical and subcortical structures. The mesial temporal structures including hippocampus appear to be involved in acquisition of anxiety and related behaviors. The prefrontal cortical structures appear to play important roles in conscious awareness of anxiety and in modulating anxiety and related behavior. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is known to playa critical role in unconditioned fear response. The central noradrenergic system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis are known to play important roles in modulating and expressing anxiety-related responses. Anxiety has been gathering attentions from many investigators and numerous preclinical and clinical investigations of anxiety and anxiety disorders have been done. In particular, neural plasticity in critical period and the psychobiological factors related to resilience to extreme stress and anxiety are important issues in this field.

Characterization of Calcium Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Crustacean Skeletal Muscle

석정호,정정구,허강민,이재흔,Seok, Jeong-Ho,Jung, Jung-Koo,Hur, Gang-Min,Lee, Jae-Heun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1994 대한약리학잡지 Vol.30 No.1

갑각류 골격근의 SR에서 칼슘유리 channel protein complex의 성격을 규명하기 위해 민물가재 및/또는 바다가재의 SR vesicles을 분리하여 $^{45}Ca$ 유리, $[^3H]ryanodine$결합, 및 immunoblot 실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.민물가재 SR의 $[^3H]ryanodine$결합 실험에서 민물가재 SR의 maximal binding site및 affinity모두 바다가재에서 보다 낮았으나, high affinity binding site이었다. Extravesicles 칼슘농도를 증가시켰을 때 $[^3H]ryanodine$결합은 약간 증가되었으나, AMP나 AMP와 caffeine을 동시에 첨가하였을 때는 현저히 증가되었다(p<0.05). 이런 증가 현상은 $MgCl_2$나 tetracaine으로 유의성 있게 억제되었으나(p<0.001), ruthenium red에 의해서는 약간 억제되었다. 2.민물가재 SR을 전기영동하였을 때 바다가재의 ryanodine receptor band (HMWBr)와 비슷하나 포유류의 것(HMWBS) 보다는 약간 빠른 mobility를 나타낸다. 3.바다가재 HMWBr에 대한 polyclonal Ab를 이용한 민물가재, 바다가재 및 토끼 골격근의 칼슘유리 channel간의 면역학적 교차반응에서 민물가재와 바다가재의 칼슘유리 channel 간에는 교차반응이 있었으나, 포유류의 것과는 아무런 반응이 없었다. 4.민물가재 SR에서 $^{45}Ca$유리는 extravesicles의 칼슘농도 증가에 따라서 증가되었고, 낮은 외부 칼슘 농도에서 바다가재 보다 빠르게 일어났으나, AMP와 caffeine에 의해 영향을 받지 않았고, $MgCl_2$와 tetracaine으로 약간($3{\sim}8%$) 그리고 고농도의 ruthenium red로 중등도(23%) 억제되었다. 이상의 실험성적으로 갑각류 칼슘유리 channel protein은 포유류의 것과는 기능적으로나 면역학적으로 매우 다른 특징을 가지고 있고, 민물가재와 바다가재 칼슘유리 channel은 서로 유사한 특징을 갖지만, 민물가재의 칼슘유리 channel이 바다가재의 것보다 외부칼슘에 예민한 기능을 갖는 것으로 사료된다. To characterize the SR Ca-release channel protein complex of crustacean, $^{45}Ca-release,\;[^3H]ryanodine$ binding, and immunoblot studies were carried out in the crayfish and/or lobster skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Bmax and affinity of crayfish SR to ryanodine were lower than those of lobster SR. AMP (5mM) increased $[^3H]ryanodine$ binding significantly in both vesicles (P<0.05). $Mg^{2+}$(5mM) or tetracaine(1mM) inhibited $[^3H]ryanodine$ binding significantly in both vesicles (P<0.001), but ruthenium red $(10\;{\mu}M)$ inhibited it moderately. In SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of crayfish SR vesicles, there was a high molecular weight band that showed similar mobility with Ca-release channel protein of lobster skeletal SR, but more rapid mobility (HMWBr) than that of rabbit skeletal SR (HMWBS). Immunoblot analysis showed that polyclonal Ab to lobster skeletal SR Ca-release channel protein was react with HMWBr of crayfish skeletal SR, but not with that of HMWBs of rabbit skeletal SR. ^{45}Ca-release from crayfish skeletal SR vesicles was increased by the increase of extravesicular calcium from $1{\mu}M$ to 1mM. This Ca-release phenomenon was similar, but more sensitive in the low concentration of $Ca^{2+}$, compared to that from lobster SR vesicles. AMP (5mM) or caffeine (10mM) did not affect to $^{45}Ca-release.\;^{45}Ca-release$ was inhibited slightly ($3{\sim}8%\;by\;Mg^{2+}$) (5mM) or tetracaine (1mM), and moderately (23%) by high concentration of ruthenium red $(300\;{\mu}M)$. From the above results, it is suggested that SR Ca-release channel protein of crustacean has different properties from that of the rabbit, and similar properties between crayfish and lobster in functional and immunological aspects, but Ca-release via crayfish channel may be more sensitive to calcium.

Effect of Calcium Entry Blockers on the Calcium Transport in the Isolated Sarcolemmal membrane from the Porcine Small Intestine

석정호,임종호,이재흔,Seok, Jeong-Ho,Lim, Jong-Ho,Lee, Jae-Heun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1986 대한약리학잡지 Vol.22 No.2

There are some evidence for the presence of more than one type of calcium channels. To investigate whether organic calcium antagonist sensitive calcium channels exist in the isolated sarcolemmal membrane, we prepared high KCl-loaded sarcolemmal vesicle from the procine small instine, and induced calcium transport by high $K^+$ concentration or by electrical stimulation after preincubation of KCl-loaded vesicle in the low potassium solution. Calcium transport induced by high $K^+$ concentration (84.7mM) was significantly increased (p<0.05), compared with that by low $K^+$ concentration (2.08 mM), and not inhibited by diltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$. Calcium transport was inactivated with time. By continuous electrical stimulation (3V, 15Hz, 25m see), calcium transport was markedly increased, and inhibited significantly by dilltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$ and nifedipine $(10^{-6}\;M)$ (p<0.005), compared with the value of control without electrical stimulation. Calcium transport by electrical stimulation was not inactivated with time for at least 2 min. From these results, it was concluded that there was organic calcium antagonist sensitive channel in the isolated intestinal sarcolemma membrane, which was activated by electrical stimulation. 최근 심근세포 또는 신경세포에서 발표된 여러 종류의 calcium channel중 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 channel 또는 차단되지 않는 channel 등이 있는지 알아보기 위해 실험을 시행하였다. 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 고농도의 KCl(150mM)로 부하된 세포 포막낭을 만들어 고농도의$K^+$ 또는 전기자극으로 $^{45}Ca$의 이동을 유발시켜 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 저농도의 $K^+$용액에서의 $^{45}Ca$이동보다 고농도의 $K^+$-용액에서의 $^{45}Ca$이동이 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0. 05) 이때 유입되는 $^{45}Ca$의 양은 시간에 따라 서서히 감소되었다. 전기자극(3V, 15Hz, 25msec)을 하였을때 유입되는 $^{45}Ca$의 양은 전기자극을 하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었고, 자극시간에 따른 $^{45}Ca$의 유입량은 2분 동안 계속 증가되었다. Diltiazem 또는 nifedipine을 처치하였을때, 고농도의 $K^+$-용액에 의한 $^{45}Ca$의 유입은 억제되지 않았으나 전기자극에 의해 유도되는 $^{45}Ca$의 유입은 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.005). 상기의 실험성적으로 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 분리한 세포막에서의 calcium이동 중 전기자극에 의해 이루어지는 것은 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 calcium channel을 통하여 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다.

돼지 소장 평활근 세포막에서의 Calcium 이동에 미치는 Calcium entry blockers 의 영향

석정호(Jeong-Ho Seok),임종호(Jong-Ho Lim),이재흔(Jae-Heun Lee) Jeong-Ho Seok, Jong-Ho Lim and Jae-Heun Lee 대한약리학회 1986 대한약리학잡지 Vol.22 No.2

최근 심근세포 또는 신경세포에서 발표된 여러 종류의 calcium channel중 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 channel 또는 차단되지 않는 channel 등이 있는지 알아보기 위해 실험을 시행하였다. 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 고농도의 KCl(150mM)로 부하된 세포 포막낭을 만들어 고농도의K⁺ 또는 전기자극으로 ⁴⁵Ca의 이동을 유발시켜 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 저농도의 K⁺용액에서의 ⁴⁵Ca이동보다 고농도의 K⁺-용액에서의 ⁴⁵Ca이동이 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0. 05) 이때 유입되는 ⁴⁵Ca의 양은 시간에 따라 서서히 감소되었다. 전기자극(3V, 15Hz, 25msec)을 하였을때 유입되는 ⁴⁵Ca의 양은 전기자극을 하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었고, 자극시간에 따른 ⁴⁵Ca의 유입량은 2분 동안 계속 증가되었다. Diltiazem 또는 nifedipine을 처치하였을때, 고농도의 K⁺-용액에 의한 ⁴⁵Ca의 유입은 억제되지 않았으나 전기자극에 의해 유도되는 ⁴⁵Ca의 유입은 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.005). 상기의 실험성적으로 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 분리한 세포막에서의 calcium이동 중 전기자극에 의해 이루어지는 것은 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 calcium channel을 통하여 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다. There are some evidence for the presence of more than one type of calcium channels. To investigate whether organic calcium antagonist sensitive calcium channels exist in the isolated sarcolemmal membrane, we prepared high KCl-loaded sarcolemmal vesicle from the procine small instine, and induced calcium transport by high K⁺ concentration or by electrical stimulation after preincubation of KCl-loaded vesicle in the low potassium solution. Calcium transport induced by high K⁺ concentration (84.7mM) was significantly increased (p<0.05), compared with that by low K⁺ concentration (2.08 mM), and not inhibited by diltiazem (10^-6 M). Calcium transport was inactivated with time. By continuous electrical stimulation (3V, 15Hz, 25m see), calcium transport was markedly increased, and inhibited significantly by dilltiazem (10^-6 M) and nifedipine (10^-6 M) (p<0.005), compared with the value of control without electrical stimulation. Calcium transport by electrical stimulation was not inactivated with time for at least 2 min. From these results, it was concluded that there was organic calcium antagonist sensitive channel in the isolated intestinal sarcolemma membrane, which was activated by electrical stimulation.

뱀장어 근육내 Ryanodine Receptor의 기능 및 면역학적 성질

석정호(Jeong Ho Seok),이연수Yeon Soo Lee),남장현(Jang Hyeon Nam),최숙정(Suk Jeong Choi),홍장희(Jang Hee Hong),이재흔(Jae Heun Lee) 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2

To investigate the functional and immunological properties of the Ca-release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) of the eel skeletal muscle, [³H]ryanodine binding, SDS gel electrophoresis, ⁴⁵Ca release studies, and immunoblot assay were carried out in the SR of the eel skeletal muscle. Maximal binding sites(Bmax) and K_D values of [³H]ryanodine for Ca-release channel of the SR of the eel skeletal muscle were 19.44 ± 1.40 pmole/mg protein and 15.55 ± 1.69 nM, respectively. [³H]Ryanodine binding to RyR was increased by calcium and AMP. The SR of the eel skeletal muscle has two high molecular weight bands on the SDS PAGE. The mobility of upper band was more slower than the single band of the rabbit skeletal muscle, and that of the lower band was similar with the single band of canine cardiac muscle. Vesicular ⁴⁵Ca-release was activated by calcium. Ca-induced ⁴⁵Ca-release was significantly inhibited by MgCl₂(2 mM), ruthenium red(10 μM) or tetracaine(1 mM), but not by high concentration of calcium itself. AMP-induced ⁴⁵Ca-release was slightly occurred only in the absence of calcium, it was not inhibited by MgCl₂ or ruthenium red. Caffeine also increased ⁴⁵Ca-release from the SR vesicles, but it was not affected by MgCl₂ or ruthenium red. Polyclonal Ab against rat skeletal muscle RyR is reacted with that of rabbit, but not reacted with that of the eel skeletal muscle. These results suggested that ryanodine receptor of the SR of the eel skeletal muscle is showing some similar properties with that of mammalian skeletal muscle, but might be an another isotype channel having two bands which is less sensitive to AMP, not cross-reacted with antisera against rat RyR, and not inhibited by high concentration of calcium.

르 꼬르뷔제의 메종 쿠루체트(Maison Curutchet)에 나타난 전이공간 연구

석정호(Seok, Jeong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.10

The purpose of this study is to reveal the roles and characteristics of transition space by analyzing the Maison Curutchet of Le Corbusier in La Plata of Argentina. This house is not an independent work, but rather one of a 30 year series of studies made by Le Corbusier about the question of dwelling and urbanism. In this small site, 2 different programs coexist, a house for a family and a clinic for Dr. Curutchet. This house especially raises various questions about the relationship between public space and private space, inside / outside, opening / closing, up /under, front / back, and so on. Through the analysis of this house, it is possible to clarify the relationship between transition space and its duality. This study will be organized as list below : 1) Analyzing the architectural space of the Maison Curutchet 2) Study on the roles of transition space in this maison 3) Study on the characteristics of the transition space. A comprehension of this transition space is proposed as a resolution for the co-existence of multi-use buildings in urban contemporary architecture.

프랑스 도심 영아 어린이집의 계획 특성에 관한 연구

석정호(Seok, Jeong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.8

Korean society has been facing a low birth rate, and now it becomes a serious social problem. Main reason causing a low birth rate in Korea, is that many Korean parents have a hard time to find nannies or daycare centers to take care of their babies, while they are at work. Now that is the one of the urgent problem that Korean government and the town and the city government should find the solution for. In France, the birth rate and the rate of the female economic activities are much higher than any other countries. It is because of the French government has been paying so much attention on building the social systems for childcare and their education. The main parts of the childcare systems and the education systems are supporting the daycare center financially and organizing the proper management systems. This study is to analyze the how the buildings of the French daycare center has been planned in terms of the architectural types and the characteristics of their spaces. This study will be organized as listed below: 1) The study how the daycare centers have been organized in France, 2) Analyzing the characteristics of the daycare center buildings in terms of the special arrangement by surveying the examples chosen for this study, 3) Analyzing the different architectural types happening in the various city contexts. This study can be a backup material for the necessity for building more daycare centers. Also it can work as a reference of planning the better daycare centers for children under three and provide a standard for a Korean government.

의학교육에서 문제바탕학습 도입을 위한 사전 연구

석정호(Jeong Ho Seok) 한국의학교육학회 2003 Korean journal of medical education Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study is to see the possibility of application of PBL in medical education of Chungnam National University, College of medicine. Methods: The questionnaire were given to Chungnam University Medical students and professors before and after the preliminary trial of PBL. Before the trial, the questionnaire of 4 items were asked to the 199 students and the 53 professors. After the trial using 5 modules, the questionnaire of 8 items were asked to the 130 students and the 13 professors. Results: Before the preliminary trial of PBL, both the students(54%) and professors(93%) already knew the concept of PBL. The professors got the information about PBL from the Faculty in-service training, and the students got it from the professors. Professors and higher grade students wanted to apply PBL in clinical period as soon as possible. After the trial, both students and professors agreed that the trial of PBL was helpful and that the level of difficulty for modules and the role of tutor were appropriate. Students wanted to have the short period of PBL without credits during semester, but professors insisted to give the credits to students as a regular lecture. Conclusion: These results suggest that the students and professors of Chungnam Medical College, even though they have different point of view in some aspects, have the consensus for the application of PBL in regular curriculum.

Ca-release Channel of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of the Snake (Reptile) Skeletal Muscle

남장현,석정호,Nam, Jang-Hyeon,Seok, Jeong-Ho The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.1

To investigate properties of Ca-release channel in the reptile skeletal muscle, electrophoretical analysis, purification of RyR, $[^3H]ryanodine$binding study, and $^{45}Ca-release$ were carried out in the SR vesicles prepared from the snake skeletal muscle. The snake SR vesicle has the single high molecular weight protein band on SDS-PAGE, and its mobility was similar with that of rat skeletal SR vesicles. The high molecular weight band on SDS-PACE was found in the $[^3H]ryanodine$ peak fractions $(Fr_{5-7})$ obtained from the purification step of the RyR. Maximal binding site and Kd of the snake SR RyR were 6.36 pmole/mg protein and 17.62 nM, respectively. Specific binding of $[^3H]ryanodine$ was significantly increased by calcium and AMP (P<0.05), but not or slightly inhibited by tetracaine, ruthenium red (5.4%), or $MgCl_2$ (21%). $^{45}Ca-release$ from the SR vesicles loaded passively was significantly increased by the low concentration of calcium $(1{\sim}10{\mu}M)$ and AMP (5 mM)(P<0.05), but significantly decreased by the high concentration $(300{\mu}M)$ of calcium, tetracaine (1 mM), ruthenium red $(10{\mu}M)$, and $MgCl_2$ (2 mM)(P <0.05). From the above results, it is suggested that snake SR vesicles also have the RyR showing the similar properties to those of mammalian skeletal RyR with the exceptions of no or slight inhibition of $[^3H]ryanodine-binding$ by tetracaine, ruthenium red, or $MgCl_2$. 파충류 골격근의 근소포체에서 칼슘유리 채널의 존재를 밝히고저 뱀 골격근에서 근소포체를 분리하여 SDS-PAGE 전기영동, RyR의 정제, $[^3H]ryanodine$ 결합실험 및 $^{45}Ca$ 유리 실험으로 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 뱀골격근 소포체도 단일 band의 high molecular weight 단백을 가지고 있고, 그 mobility는 포유류 골격근의 것과 유사했다. 2) RyR의 정제과정에서 얻어진 $[^3H]ryanodine$의 peak 결합 분획에서 high molecular weight의 단백분획이 발견되었다. 3) 뱀 골격근 SR vesicles에 대한 $[^3H]ryanodine$의 maximum binding site와 Kd값은 각각 6.36 pmole/mg protein과 17.62nM이었으며, $[^3H]ryanodine$의 특이성 결합은 칼슘과 AMP에 의해 유의성있게 증가되었고 (P<0.005), tetracaine에 의해 억제되지 않았으나 ruthenium red와 $MgCl_2$에 의해 일부만 억제되었다. 4) 근 소포체로부터 $^{45}Ca$ 유리는 낮은 농도의 칼슘 $(1{\sim}10{\mu}M)$과 AMP에 의해 증가되었고 (P<0.05), 고농도의 칼슘 $(300{\mu}M)$, tetracaine, ruthenium red 또는 $MgCl_2$에 의해 억제되었다 (P<0.05). 이상의 실험성적으로 파충류 (뱀)의 골격근에도 칼슘유리 채별이 있어 근 수축시 세포내 칼슘 농도 조절에 관여할 수 있을 것으로 여겨지며, 채널의 기능적 특징 일부가 포유류의 것과 유사한 것으로 사료된다.