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임태형(Taehyeong Lim),하현수(Hyunsoo Ha),변영주(Youngjoo Byun) 대한약학회 2021 약학회지 Vol.65 No.3
Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive isotopes and labeled compounds used to diagnose and treat diseases. The global radiopharmaceutical market is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 12.4%, reaching $14,728 million by 2023. Four of the 53 new drugs approved by the US FDA in 2020 are radiopharmaceuticals. All four radiopharmaceuticals are radioisotopelabeled diagnostics used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This review describes four FDA-approved radiopharmaceuticals, including incorporated radioisotopes, target proteins, modes of action, and clinical indications.
소세포폐암에 동반된 Eaton-Lambert Syndrome 1례
이경희,정문관,현명수,정재천,이현우,하정상,변영주 영남대학교 의과대학 1989 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.6 No.1
저자들은 영남대학병원에 입원한 52세 남자환자로서 임상소견, 조직소견, 근전도 소견상으로 소세포폐암과 동반된 Eaton-Lambert증후군으로 진단된 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Eaton Lambert syndrome(ELS)is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission. The defect of neuromuscular transmission is due to decrease in the release of acetylcholine guanta from nerve terminal. This syndrome is frequently associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. The diagnosis is established by electromyography, which characteristically shows 1) low amplitude of evoked compound muscle potential to a single supramaximal stimulus on nerve, 2) significant decremental response at low rates of stimulation 3) marked incremental response at high rates of stimulation. Our patient is 52 year old man with dyspnea, coughing and muscle weakness of proximal lower limbs. He has small cell lung cancer and associated with ELS, Superior venacava syndrome and has metastatic lesion on right supraclavicular lymphnode confirmed by pathology. Metastatic mass and SVC syndrome are marked improved following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however follow up EMG finding dose not improved. We are here reporting one case which considered compatible for ELS, with a few elementary reviewed literatures.
수근관증후군에서 수근관절굴곡이 신경전도속도에 미치는 영향
이세진,박충서,어경윤,박미영,하정상,변영주 영남대학교 의과대학 1991 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.8 No.1
정상대조군 20 hands와 수근관증후군환자 40 hands를 대상으로 각 1분, 2분, 5분간 수근관절굴곡 후의 신경전도속도의 변화를 측정하여 수근관증후군의 진단에 도움을 줄 수 있는지를 알아보고자 운동신경은 belly-tendon방법을, 감각신경은 역방향전도검사법을 각각 이용하여 wrist to finger segment에서 수근관절굴곡 전후의 정중신경의 SNCV와 MNDL을 측정하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대조군에서 수근관절굴곡 후의 신경전도속도의 변화가 있었던 경우는 감각신경에서 2 hands, 운동신경에 1 hands였으며 환자군에서는 감각신경에서 3 hands, 운동신경에서 2 hands였다. 그리고 1분, 2분 및5분간 수근관절굴곡 후의 SNCV와 MNDL의 평균과 표준편차를 구해본 결과 대조군과 환자군에서 모두 유의한 변화가 없었다. Phlaen's wrist flexion검사에서 대조군은 5%에서 양성이었으며 환자군에서는 60%에서 양성이었다. Tinel징후는 대조군에서는 10%에서 양성이었으며 환자군에서는 33%에서 양성이었다. The author studied 20 healthy adults (20 hands) as a control and 30 patients (40 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome to evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring nerve conduction velocity after wrist fiexion in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The median nerve conduction velocity over wrist to finger segment was measured before and after wrist flexion for 1, 2 and 5 minutes, using belly-tendon method for motor nerve distal latency(MNDL) and antidromic method for sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV) . The results were as follows : 1. In control froup, MNDL increased in 1 hand and SNCV decreased in 2 hands after wrist flexion. In patient group, MNDL increased in 2 hands and SNCV decreased in 3 hands after wrist flexion. 2. In both control and patient group, there were no significant changes in mean values of SNCV and MNDL between before and after wrist flexion. 3. Phalen's wrist flexion test was positive in 5 percent of control and 60 percent of patient group. 4. Tinel's sign was present in 10 percent of control and 33 percent of patient group.
소의 뇌조직 Phospholipase C의 활성화에 미치는 G-단백질의 역할
김정희,이동진,변영주 영남대학교 의과대학 1992 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.9 No.2
소의 중추신경계의 신경전달인자에 의한 세포막에서의 정보전달 과정에 관여하는 PLC활성화에 G-단백질의 관여 여부를 관찰하기 위하여 소의 뇌조직의 PLC β, γ 및 δ를 얻어 각 isozyme의 특성을 관찰하였다. 기질용액에 phosphatidyl choline(PC)을 첨가시 PLC 각 isozyme마다 정도의 차이는 있으나 증가 양상을 보였으며 PLC δ는 100μM Ca²+농도에서 높은 활성도 증가를 보였다. 세포막 소포체를 형성하기 위하여 PIP₂기질과 PC에 detergent로 cholate와 deoxycholate농도에 따른 PLC효과 관찰에서 cholate 농도 0.2%에서 1%까지 증가할 때 효소 활성도의 지속적인 상승이 관찰되었고, deoxycholate는 농도가 0.2%에서 높았다가 0.4%에서 낮아졌고 1%까지 증가함에 따라 PLC 효소 활성도는 약간 증가하였다. 기질액에 뇌추출액을 첨가하여 cholic acid 농도에 따른 PLC의 효과를 관찰한 결과 cholic acid 농도 0.2%에서 보다 1%에서 각 isozyme 모두에서 PLC활성도가 증가하였다. 소의 여러 장기에서 PLC isozyme의 분포정도를 방사면역측정방법으로 관찰하였을 때 뇌조직에 가장 많이 분포하고 있으며 특히 PLC β, γ가 많았고, PLC δ는 부신에서 가장 많이 분포하였다. 다음으로 PLC β는 부신과 위, PLC γ는 부신과 폐순이었다. PLC효소가 활성화될 때 G-단백질의 관여여부에 관하여 cholate 0.2%와 0.1%에서 G-단백질과 GTPrS 및 PLC의 결합정도의 관찰은 조직분쇄시료를 소의 뇌 및 부신조직을 이용하여 S-GTPrS 첨가시와 단세포군 항체를 이용한 경우 모두에서 1.49% 이하의 낮은 결합 정도를 관찰하였다. 그래서 정제된 PLC isozyme과 G-단백질 Goα, Gβγ, Gmix, Giα 및 Gtα각각에 대한 효과 관찰에서 Goα와 Gβγ는 PLCβ와 δ의 활성도를 증가시켰고, PLCγ는 별 영향이 없었으며 Gmix에서는 세효소 모두 증가시켰다. Giα는 PLCβ와 γ에서만 증가하였다. Gtα는 PLCβ 및 γ에서 억제하였고 PLCδ에서는 증가 양상을 보였다. 그러므로 PLC활성화에 G-단백질의 관여가 인지되며 PLC isozyme과 G-단백질의 종류에 따라 대개의 경우 증가하는 경향이나 일부는 억제 내지는 별 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes purified from bovine brain and to investigate their interrelationship with G protein. The purified PLC isozymes β, γand δwere obtained and the characteristics of PLC activity on various concentrations of free Ca²+ were observed. The activity of PLC was increased with increasing Ca²+ concentration and the activity PLC δwas increased higher in the presence of phosphatidyl choline(PC) than in the abscence of PC. For vesicle formation as the structure of cell membrane, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid as detergent on phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate(PIP₂) substrate containing PC were used, and then the activity of PLC is isozymes were increased with increasing concentration of cholate, from 0.2% to 1% and were increased slightly in deoxycholate. In the PIP₂containing phospholipid and glycolipid as brain extract, the activity of PLC isozymes were checked in 0.2% - 1% cholic acid. The activities of PLC isoyzmes were continuously increased up to 1% cholic acid. The quantitation of PLC isozymes from several bovine organs by radioimmunoassay was made. Brain was the most sufficient organ in terms of amount of PLC βand δ. A large amount of PLC δwas existed in adrenal gland. The binding capacity of GTPrS and G protein was observed and other observations of the binding effect of GTPrS-G protein and PLC monoclonal Ab-Protein A from tissue homogenate with PLC were made. From the observation the binding capacity was revealed the range of O.11%- 1.49 %. The effects of each type of G protein on the percent activity of purified PLC isozymes were observed. From the observation, activities of isozymes were increased in Goα& Gmix, and the activities of PLC β and δ were increased in Gβγ and Giα. Activities of PLC βand γwere decreased in Gtα but PLC δincreased.