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변금선 ( Byun Geum Sun ) 초록우산 어린이재단 2012 어린이재단 연구논문 모음집 Vol.2012 No.-
In recent years, about one in ten Korean children have lived in families in which cash income failed to exceed 50% of the korean median income. Although reducing child poverty is a supreme task of government, a range of child poverty policies which aimed at curbing child poverty do not link together and amount of government effort is not enough to attain a goal. It is important to study the consequences of childhood poverty to improve appropriateness and effectiveness of child poverty policy. However previous studies about child poverty can not fully explain about the consequence of childhood poverty in adulthood. Most of studies had focused on academic achievement in adolescence only. This study aim to estimate the effect of poverty in childhood(age 14, 17) on health, educational attainment and labor market achievement in youth adult(ages 20-26). Many studies have documented that adults who had experienced poverty at childhood attained low outcomes. I use 1999-2009 data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), which has followed a nationally representative sample of households members residing in urban areas of Korea since 1998. Ordinary least squares(OLS), linear probability model, and sample selection model are used in this research to analyse the impact of child hood poverty on adult attainment. Controlling for demographic characters, poverty in childhood have a negative effect on the numbers of schooling years and whether child entered university. And controlling for demographic characters and family background, poverty in childhood increase weekly working hours(5.26 hours) and decrease wage(22.7%) in adulthood. These findings suggest that the effect of childhood poverty lasted in later life of those children. Given high education level, academic achievement can not enough to get high gain in labor market. Child poverty policies have to concentrate on support for increasing job ability of young adults growing up in poverty families as well as improving educational attainment. Anti-poverty programs, like National Basic Livelihood Protection Program should consider family who live with child. In other words, government support child growing up in poverty families in long term view and strategies.
변금선(Byun Geum-Sun) 한국사회복지학회 2012 한국사회복지학 Vol.64 No.3
높은 청년실업률과 계속되는 경기침체로 청년층의 경제적 불안이 심화되고 있지만 청년층의 빈곤을 고용의 관점에서 분석한 연구는 드물다. 특히 청년빈곤이 근로빈곤의 특성을 가진다는 점에서 이들의 고용불안정과 고용특성이 빈곤의 이행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 논문은 한국복지패널데이터의 제3차(2007년)~제5차(2009년) 자료를 이용해 청년 근로능력자의 빈곤이행(빈곤탈출과 빈곤진입)에 영향을 미치는 요인을 고용형태와 고용상태 변화를 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 청년층은 빈곤진입 및 탈출이 활발했으며 교육수준이 높고 비취업 상태에 놓인 경우가 많았다. 정규직일수록, 취업상태를 지속할수록 빈곤을 탈출할 가능성은 높아지고 빈곤에 진입할 가능성은 낮아진다는 것을 확인하였다. 청년층의 빈곤을 완화하기 위해서는 이들의 높은 교육수준과 불안정 고용을 고려한 정책적 지원이 필요하다. This study examined how employment status changes affects poverty transition of workable youth using 3years panel data from KoWePS(Korea Welfare Panel Study, 2007-2009). Findings and implications of this study as follows. First, although relative poverty rate of aged 18-34 is lower than other age groups, significant amount of youth experienced poverty once in 2007-2009(14.59%). This means that there are some of youth suffering for poverty and the aspect of youth poverty is very dynamic. Second, much of workable poor of youth had high level of education(45.9% in 2009) and they were unemployed or inactive in labor market(55.3% in 2009). These findings consistent with previous studies of youth poverty or youth employment. Third, workable youth who had changed employment status from employed to unemployed or inactive in labor market were likely to enter poverty and less likely to exit from poverty. Moreover youth who were non-standard employed had more possibility to be poor and less possibility to be not poor. These show that employment instability makes youth vulnerable to economic hardship, poverty. The result of this study suggest that anti-poverty programs which are related with the work-related programs and active labor market policy, should consider workable youth who have high level of human capital comparing other ordinary working poor. Because of much of youth are not poor in fixed time point, they can’t be supported from existing social assistance program, like National Basic Livelihood Protection Program. As youth who experienced poverty in changing time need social support to prevent long-term poverty, government should contemplate adopting assistance program for workable poor youth.
보육료 지원 확대가 여성의 생활시간 배분에 미치는 영향
변금선(Byun, Geum-Sun),허용창(Heo, Yongchang) 한국사회복지학회 2014 한국사회복지학 Vol.66 No.2
본 연구는 보육료 지원 확대가 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동, 돌봄, 가사, 여가시 간 배분에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 2004년과 2009년 통계청 생활시간자료를 이용하여 SUR(Seemingly unrelated regression) 방식을 적용한 삼중차이 토빗분석을 실시한 결과, 보육료 지원 확대는 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동, 돌봄, 가사시간 배분에 영향을 미친 것 으로 나타났다. 보육료 지원 확대로 인해 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동시간은 증가 하였으며, 돌봄과 가사시간은 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 여성의 경제활동 참여 증진과 자녀양육 부담 완화라는 보육료 지원제도의 목표에 부합하는 결과이다. 하지만 그 유의수준이 낮고, 미취학자녀 가 있는 여성 전체의 보육료 지원 확대 전후 시간 변화는 여전히 노동(-), 돌봄(+), 가사(+)였다는 점 을 고려할 때 보육료 지원 확대가 미취학자녀가 있는 여성의 생활시간 배분에 미치는 영향은 미미할 수 있음을 유추할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 보육료 지원의 정책효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 보육료 지원 확대와 더불어 보육서비스의 공급구조와 품질관리에 내실을 기하고, 경력단절 예방을 위한 고용정책을 개선할 필요가 있음을 제언하였다. This paper aims to examine the effects of increase in childcare subsidy on time allocation of women, particularly low- and moderate-income women with pre-school children. For the purpose, the study adopts seemingly unrelated tobit and analyses data from the 2004 and 2009 Time Use Survey Data of the National Statistical Office. First of all, the results reveal that the policy changes in childcare subsidy affect time allocation of low- and moderate-income women with pre-school children, which increases paid-work whereas decreases caregiving and housework in a daily life. The results show that the changes take place in accordance with the goals of childcare subsidy promoting women’s employment and reducing women’s burden of caregiving. Yet the study has a couple of limitations- the only marginally significant impact in several variables, little effect on time allocation of all women- for the generalization of the findings. Nevertheless, the results indicate that employment policies for women, particularly for mothers, and the provision of childcare services should be improved to maximize the positive effects of increase in childcare subsidy.
박미희(Park, Mihee),변금선(Byun, Geum-Sun) 한국사회복지학회 2013 한국사회복지학 Vol.65 No.3
본 연구는 2009년 통계청 생활시간조사자료를 이용하여 연령과 사회구조적 층화에 따른 시간 배분 경향을 분석하였다. 중고령자의 생활시간배분 경향을 총체적으로 파악하기 위해 유급노동과 더불어 가사활동, 사회참여, 여가시간을 포괄적으로 분석하였으며, 생활시간 배분경향이 연령과 사회구조적 층화의 상호작용에 따라 달라지는지 확인하기 위해 토빗회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 중고령자의 시간배분 경향은 유급노동시간의 점진적 감소와 가사노동 및 수동적 여가의 증대로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 경향은 사회구조적 층화에 따라 상이하게 분화되고 있었다. 교육수준이 높을수록, 무배우자가 유배우자에 비해, 연령증가에 따른 유급노동시간의 감소가 급격히 나타나고 여가시간은 가파르게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 농가는 비농가에 비해 연령에 따른 노동시간 감소가 완만하게 나타났으며, 여성은 남성에 비해 연령증가에 따라 가사와 돌봄활동을 감소시켰지만, 생산활동시간 총량은 크게 변하지 않았다. 이상의 분석결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 효과적인 고령화 정책을 마련하기 위해 고령자를 단일집단으로 간주하는 획일적인 접근을 탈피하고, 고령화라는 변화를 겪는 이들이 놓여있는 다양한 사회구조적 요인을 반영할 필요성이 있음을 제언하였다. This study examined how middle-aged and elderly persons allocated their time in overall perspective and whether the patterns were varied by age, socio-demographic factors, and the interaction effect between them. This study analyzed the 2009 Time Use Survey Data (17,096 time-diaries of people aged 45 or more) of the National Statistical Office using tobit regression model. The main results are as follows. First, middle-aged and elderly people gradually decreased paid work times. Second, the patterns of time allocation were varied by age, gender, education level, marital status and household type(Agricultural/non-agricultural). Third, there were interaction effects between age and the socio-demographic factors on paid work time and leisure time. Highly educated or urban persons were likely to have less time in paid work less than other groups with increasing age. And females were likely to have less time in domestic labor and care work than males with increasing age. But they had more time in social and economic productive activities than males. Based on these findings, this study suggests comprehensive approach to analyze the time use of elderly beyond economic working time or leisure time. To establish effective ageing society policy, it is necessary to consider the time allocation of elderly which divided into the social stratification.