문화예술교육을 통한 학습자의 창의적 사고

배은미 세종대학교 2007 국내석사

국 문 초 록 교육은 삶 속에서 분리할 수 없다. 현재 우리는 평생을 학습한다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 그렇다면 삶과 교육을 어떻게 연결시킬 것인가, 논자는 학습자의 창의적 사고란 교육이 학습자에게 학습동기가 잘 되어 자율적 학습태도를 유지하면서 과제나 문제를 성공적으로 해결하는 것이다. 위와 같은 근거로 제Ⅰ장 서론에서는 연구의 문제제기, 연구의 필요성, 목적, 방법 등을 제시하면서 본론에서는 문화예술교육의 시범정책 및 사례와 문화예술교육을 통한 학습자의 창의적 사고로 전환되는 방법 등에 관한 구체적인 이론을 바탕과 사례 중심으로 살펴보았다. 특히 본문내용에 큰 단원을 중심으로 요약 정리하여 보면 다음과 같다. 제Ⅱ장 문화예술교육(Art&Culture Education) 에 관련하여 보자, ① 문화예술교육은 지역의 문화예술을 학교와 연계시켜 학습내용과 연관시킨다. 이는 미술교과뿐만 아니라 다른 교과목에 확산되어 그 가치를 높여준다. ② 문화예술교육의 정책지원으로 인하여 다양한 프로그램을 갖고 우리나라와 다른 나라에서 시행되어지고 있다. 그리고 문화예술교육의 역할과 협력관계 등을 현장사례 중심으로 이해한다. ③ 특히 문화에술교육의 사례에서 방법적 특징으로 주제 중심의 통합적 교육을 위한 프로젝트 학습에 중점을 두었고, 이는 예술과 지역사회의 미술관이나 공연단체와 협력하여 프로그램을 진행하고 있다. 그 내용적 특징으로는 이와 같이 문화예술교육의 프로그램을 시행하고 계발하는 과정 속에서 학습자는 교사와 예술가, 학교, 지역, 교육단체 등의 지원을 받고, 이를 활성화하여 결과보다는 과정의 성취감을 얻게 한다. 그리하여 학습자는 실패의 좌절을 극복하고 성공적인 문제를 해결하는 창의적 능력을 키워가는 것이 필요하다. 제Ⅲ장 창의적 사고(creative thinking) 관련하여 보자, ① 미학적 교육 관점에서 보면, 학습자의 지식은 하나의 완성된 경험에 따른 미적체험으로 교육을 예술적인 것과 연관시킨다. 이러한 모든 미적인 지각을 가능하게 하는 것은 상상력이고 그 상상력은 경험된 사실에 대한 내적 지각력과 이에 수반되는 감정이다. 이것은 지식이 내면화를 통한 문제해결의 원동력이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 이러한 실천방안으로 문화예술교육을 학교와 지역간 연계한 것이다. ② 교육심리학적 관점에서 보면, 학습자의 지식은 인지적인 학습뿐만 아니라 인본주의, 정의적, 사회문화적 학습에까지 영향을 받는다. 이에 따라 학습자는 내재적 동기로 인한 자기 주도적 학습태도를 유지하는 것이 교육의 목적이기도 하다. 학습자는 지식을 얻으면서 자존감, 자기충족감, 자기결단력, 신념, 기대감, 학습참여 등의 중요한 영향을 받게 된다. 이러한 영향을 학습에 활성화시키기 위한 방법으로 문화예술교육과 같은 프로그램을 시행함으로써 주입식 교육에서 벗어나는 계기가 된다. 결론적으로 논자는 학습자의 학습동기유발의 방법으로 오감을 통한 미적체험을 동기로 보았다. 그리고 학습자가 장기기억에서 통합적 사고에 이르기까지 사고과정을 창의적 사고의 발단으로 보았다. 또한 여기에 단편적 암기식 교육에서 벗어나 다른 교과목과 연관지어 ‘생각하는 힘’과 ‘예술적 즐거움’을 키워나가는 것이다. 이에 따라 학습자는 문제해결능력과 자아실현도 가능하게 하는 것이다. 이러한 교육의 가치를 체험하기 위한 그 매체도구로서 문화예술교육을 접근시켜 보았다. 따라서 논자는 이 연구를 통하여 문화예술교육을 교육현장에 실현하는 방법으로 그 정책적 지원방법과 학교 내 실현가능성을 모색하는 연구과제로 남았다. 또한 창의적 사고의 연구과제로서 창의적 인물들을 조사하여 그 창의적 원리와 구조를 해석하는 일도 중요하다. 앞으로 이성과 감성의 조율자로서, 교육현장에서 풍부한 경험으로 이 연구의 증인이 되는 것이다.

지방정부의 사회복지지출 결정요인에 관한 연구 : 단절균형이론을 이용한 경상북도 23개 기초자치단체를 중심으로

배은미 영남대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

본 연구는 지방분권 이후 지방자치제의 도입 효과를 검증하기 위해 지방정부의 사회복지지출 결정요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 단절균형이론을 사회복지학에 도입함으로써 기존의 점증주의 영향 요인이 너무 커서 다른 설명변수의 영향력을 제대로 파악할 수 없었던 한계를 극복하고, 이 이론을 통해 현 지방정부의 급변하는 복지정책 환경의 변화에 실질적으로 영향을 미치는 사회복지지출 결정요인을 밝혀냄으로써 지방분권 시대에 재정분권을 위한 대응방안을 함께 논의해 보고자 시도되었다. 이를 위하여 경상북도 23개 시․군 기초자치단체를 중심으로 1997년부터 2010년까지의 세출예산 데이터를 활용해 다중회귀분석과 이항로지스틱회귀분석 등 계량분석을 실시하였다. 다중회귀분석 실시 결과 사회복지지출비율에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 전년도사회복지지출비율, 국민기초생활수급자비율, 등록장애인비율, 1인당 지역내총생산, 재정자립도, 1인당 지방세부담액, 지방선거 실시여부, 지방선거투표율로 나타났다. 지방정부 사회복지지출 결정에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 변수는 대부분의 선행연구 결과와 마찬가지로 전년도사회복지지출비율의 점증주의적 요인으로 나타났다. 그리고 단절균형이론을 통해 5가지 단절의 기준을 정립하여 지방정부 사회복지지출비율에 미치는 요인을 확인한 결과, 단절Ⅰ의 경우 단절유무에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 등록장애인비율, 1인당 지역내총생산, 지방선거 실시여부, 지방선거투표율, 분권교부세 실시여부로 나타났다. 단절Ⅱ의 경우 단절유무에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 등록장애인비율, 1인당 지역내총생산, 재정자립도, 지방선거 실시여부, 분권교부세 실시여부로 나타났다. 단절Ⅲ의 경우 단절유무에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 등록장애인비율, 재정자립도, 지방선거유무, 분권교부세 실시여부로 나타났다. 단절Ⅳ의 경우 단절유무에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 노령인구비율, 등록장애인비율, 재정자립도, 지방선거 실시여부, 자치단체장 소속정당(한나라당), 분권교부세 실시여부로 나타났다. 단절Ⅴ의 경우 단절유무에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 등록장애인비율, 재정자립도, 지방선거 실시여부, 분권교부세 실시여부로 나타났다. 모든 단절 유형에서 유의하게 나타난 변수는 등록장애인 비율, 지방선거실시여부, 분권교부세 실시여부 변수이다. 단절 유형이 Ⅴ인 경우를 제외하고 등록장애인비율, 지방선거 실시여부의 경우 값이 증가할수록 단절일 확률이 낮게 나타났다. 반면에 단절 유형이 Ⅴ인 경우를 제외하고 분권교부세를 실시할 경우 단절일 확률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 등록장애인수는 사회경제적 요인으로 복지수요의 성격을 갖고 있다. 등록장애인비율이 매년 증가하고 있음에도 사회복지지출로 이어지지 못하고 있음은 지방정부의 장애인복지에 대한 인식과 투자가 상대적으로 미흡하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 자치단체 담당 공무원을 중심으로 장애인복지에 대한 인식개선이 필요하며 이들의 노력이 예산편성으로 이어질 수 있도록 장애인복지예산 할당제와 같은 의무조항을 마련할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 지방선거를 실시할 경우 지방정부 사회복지지출이 단절일 확률이 낮게 나타났다. 지방선거가 있을 경우 복지정향보다는 개발정향의 정책을 따라가기 쉽다. 또 선거비용을 자치단체가 직접 부담을 하기 때문에 선거가 있는 해에는 상대적으로 사회복지지출비율이 감소할 것으로 보인다. 때문에 자치단체장이 총선과 대선을 출마하기 위해 임기를 다 채우지 못하는 경우는 법률로써 피선거권 행사에 유보기간을 적용하는 등 제한할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 분권교부세 실시 후 단절일 확률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 분권교부세 실시 이후 사회복지지출이 대폭 증가하였음을 보여주는 결과이다. 재정분권 이후 중앙정부에서 부담하는 분권교부세 부담액에 비해 지방자치단체가 부담해야 하는 지방비 부담액이 증가하고 있어 재정자립도가 낮고 사회복지 수요계층이 많이 분포하는 경상북도 자치단체의 경우 사회복지지출 증가는 자치단체에 재정적 압박으로 작용할 것이다. 지방정부의 실질적인 재정분권을 위해서는 사회복지분야 만큼은 분권교부세가 보통교부세의 성질이 아닌 보조금의 형태로 지원하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. This study analyzed the determinants of social welfare expenditure factors to examine the effect of local autonomy system since the local decentralization. Especially this study attempts to get over the limitation of incrementalism with punctuated equilibrium theory and to take a countermeasure for fiscal decentralization in local decentralization age. Data from 1997 to 2010 focused on twenty-three (city, county) local governments of north gyeongsang province was selected for this study. For statistical analyses, multiple regression analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis was used. The result of regression analysis, the ratio of social welfare expenditure to total expenditure at the previous year, the recipient ratio of national basic livelihood, the ratio of registered disabled, gross regional domestic product per person, the self-reliance ratio of local finance, the local tax amounts per person, whether local election hold or not, voting rate of local election have statistically significant effects. The ratio of social welfare expenditure to total expenditure at the previous year has the most significant effect and this result is consistent with the previous research. To conduct logistic regression analysis, a five punctuation standard was decided by the previous research. The results show that in the case of punctuation standard Ⅰ, the ratio of registered disabled, gross regional domestic product per person, whether local election hold or not, voting rate of local election, whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not have statistically significant effects. In the case of punctuation standard Ⅱ, the ratio of registered disabled, gross regional domestic product per person, the self-reliance ratio of local finance, whether local election hold or not, whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not have a impact on the ratio of social welfare expenditure. In the case of punctuation standard Ⅲ, the ratio of registered disabled, the self-reliance ratio of local finance, whether local election hold or not, whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not show an impact on the ratio of social welfare expenditure. In the case of punctuation standard Ⅳ, the ratio of senior citizen to total population, the ratio of registered disabled, the self-reliance ratio of local finance, whether local election hold or not, party of a local government head(the grand national party), whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not have statistically significant effects. In the case of punctuation standard Ⅴ, the ratio of registered disabled, the self-reliance ratio of local finance, whether local election hold or not, whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not have statistically significant effects. All of punctuation standards have common independent variables, that is the ratio of registered disabled, whether local election hold or not and whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not. If it is excepted the case of punctuation standard Ⅴ, punctuation probability show low as price of the ratio of registered disabled, whether local election hold or not increase. On the other hand, punctuation probability shows high as price of whether the decentralized revenue sharing system hold or not increase. This study suggests following as analysis results: First, the number of registered disabled reveals a character of welfare demand as social economic factor. As the ratio of registered disabled increase every year, social welfare expenditure doesn't increase rapidly and the result indicated that it is insufficient recognition and investment on the disabled welfare of local government. So it is necessary to improve recognition of a local public official and to adopt the quota system for the disabled welfare budget. Second, punctuation probability shows low as price of whether local election hold or not increase. An election year, it is easy to follow developmentalism than welfarism. Also, because the local government pay the cost of election, the ratio of social welfare expenditure of an election year will decrease. So it is necessary to postpone exercising the local government head's electoral eligibility as law, if he run for president or the National Assembly with uncompleted remaining term of his. Third, punctuation probability indicated high after the decentralized revenue sharing system hold. The result show that social welfare expenditure increase after the decentralized revenue sharing system hold. After the fiscal decentralization, the decentralized revenue sharing system tax amounts of the local government increase more than the central government. And in case of local governments of north gyeongsang province, it is possible to bring financial pressure because of a low self-reliance ratio of local finance and many social welfare demands. So it is necessary to support by a form of grants than general grants in case of social welfare.

우리나라 賃貸住宅의 活性化方案에 관한 硏究

배은미 檀國大學校 1989 국내석사

우리나라는 1960 年 以後 지속적인 經濟成長으로 國民의 所得增大와 生活水準의 向上을 가져왔다. 그러나 成長 위주의 經濟政策으로 住宅등 福祉政策에 대한 投資가 未洽하였다. 따라서 住宅政策은 住宅購入能力이 있는 中産層以上의 住宅供給에 치중하여 住宅需要의 不均衡을 초래하였다. 이러한 現象으로 인해 住宅價格이 上昇되었으며 低所得層의 住宅間題는 相對的으로 惡化되고 있다. 이에 대하여 政府는 住宅間題解決과 住居水準을 向上시키기위해 그동안 高度成長에 偏重되었던 政策을 國民福祉的 觀點으로 轉換하였다. 이를 住宅部門에서 보면 國民住居生活에서 階層開의 隔差가 크지 않도록 保障하여야 하는 것이므로 低所得層의 住居安定을 위하여 賃貸住宅의 供給이 政策方向이 되고 있다. 따라서 本 論文에서는 우리나라 賃貸住宅의 活性化를 위한 方案을 모색하였다. 그동안 賃貸住宅의 實態를 分析하여보면 賃貸住宅供給은 극히 不振한 實情이다. 이러한 原因은 첫째, 우리나라 사람들은 傳統的으로 住宅에 대한 所有欲이 강하며, 賃貸住宅에 長期的으로 거주하는 것은 재산가치를 相對的으로 ?少시키기 때문이다. 둘째, 民間住宅建設事業者는 利潤追求를 目的으로 하고 있는데, 賃貸住宅事業은 社會福社的 性格이 강하므로 收益性이 높을 수 없기 때문이다. 따라서 民間住宅事業者의 賃貸住宅 實續은 不振할 수 밖에 없다. 세째, 過去의 性宅政策은 佐宅建誤確大에만 치중하였기 때문에 分讓佐宅建設을 中心으로 供給되었다. 이러한 間題點 등으로 그동안 우리나라에서는 賃貸住宅이 活性化되지 못하고 있다. 그러나 앞으로 급속한 都?化·核家族化의 趨勢로 賃貸住宅의 需姿는 增犬될 것이다. 이에 대하여 政府는 1988부터 1992年까지 永久賃貸住家25萬戶와 長期賃貸住宅35萬戶를 建設하여 賃貸佐宅建設 物量을 大幅 擴大 供給할 計劃으로 있다. 賃貸佐宅供給은 低所得層의 住居安定과 自家購入能力이 不足한者에 대한 住宅供給을 통하여 全體 住宅普及率을 높이는데 있다. 따라서 住宅間題의 解決과 住居安定을 위해 우리나라 賃貸住宅의 活性化는 바람직하다. 이에 대한 基本方案을 다음과 같이 살펴 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 賃貸住宅의 大量供給을 위해서는 賃貸住宅體系가 改善되어야 한다. 公共部門에서 賃貸住宅을 大量 建設할 計劃으로 있으나 國家財政上 一部 需要者에게 供給되기 때문에 長期的으로는 民間部門의 주도하에 住宅賃貸産業이 育成·促進되어야 한다. 특히 公共部門에서는 賃貸料支拂 能力이 徵弱한 低所得層을 入住對象으로하여 住居安定을 위한 永久賃貸住宅을 供給하고 民間部門은 住宅購入能力이 있으나 社會, 經濟的 要因에 의하여 賃貸住宅을 선호하는 階層에 대하여 그들의 賃貸料支拂 能力에 맞는 良質의 賃貸住宅을 供給하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 旣存住宅活用으로 低所得層 賃借家口를 短期的으로 우선 旣存의 同居型單獨住宅을 保存·利用하도록 하고 改·補修 增·改築을 通한 住宅「서어비스」의 創出을 유도하여야 한다. 셋째, 賃貸住宅供給에 있어 入住者 選定은 綜合點數制 바탕으로 入住順位를 決定하고 零細民準에서도 居宅保護者와 醫療扶助者에 높은 가중치를 주어 入住優先權을 주는 것이 바람직하다. 넷째, 賃貸住宅供給이 擴大되기 위해서는 宅城確保와 資金 및 稅制支援策이 보다 强化되어야 한다. 다섯째, 賃貸住宅은 低所得層만을 위한 住居生活이 아니라는 認識을 새로이 해야 될 必要가 있다. 그러므로 住宅에 대한 槪念이 「所有」에서 「居住」의 槪念으로 變化되어야 할 것이다. 以上에서 살펴본 바와 같이 住宅政策에 있어서 賃貸住宅 活性化는 佐宅間題의 解決을 위한 方案이라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 賃貸住宅에 대한 實質的이고 積極的인 政府의 支援과 投資가 講究되어야 할 것이다. We have brought about a rising in the standard of living through the continuous economic growth since the 1960s. But there is a shortage of investment in relation to housing and welfare policy because of growth preference economic policy. Thus,Housing policy has attuched weight to supply of housing for the people above middle class. This has resulted in the imblance of demand-supply of housing. Owing to these factors,Housing prices have risen, and housing problems of small income-groups have wrosened relatively. Accordingly, this study deals with development strateqy for rental housing until now, there has been poor progress in the supply of rental housing. Therefore, for the settlement of housing problems in Korea, it is essential to activate the rental housing policy. This study proposes the development strategy as follow: 1. The system of rental housing supply has to be improved in order to increase the supply of rental housing. 2. The ranking of move-in has to be decided by to tal-grade-system. Housing and medical benificaries among the poor have to benifit through an extra weight. 3 . insurance for building sites and support through a tax system have to be firmed up. 4. The notion of housing has to be transformed from "possession" to "residence".

제2차 세계대전 중 일본인 강제수용에 대한 연구 : 배일운동과 일본인 동화과정을 중심으로

배은미 청주대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

After slavery and the slaughter of the Indians, one of the most shameful acts in America history was the forcible removal of Japanese during World War Ⅱ. In February 1942, just two months after Pearl harbor, President Roosevelt issued Execute Order 9066, which removed Japanese Americans from their homes and excluding them into concentration camps in order to "enhance security of the nation during the war time." Roosevelt's order affected 119,000 people of Japanese descent. All Japanese Americans, whether citizens or aliens, rich or poor, young or old, were stripped of their rights and freedom, and forced into concentration camps in remote and deserted locales. After the war, the relocation camps were slowly evacuated, and Japanese Americans were able to return to their homes, but many chose to go elsewhere. Following the introducing part, the second chapter examined the anti-Japanese sentiment prevailed over American society. Japanese, like other Asians, were blamed as evil, an inferior and uncivilized people whose physical features and their customs and habits, and traditions made them easily identifiable targets. Such emotional tones of racial prejudice and hostility led white Americans to forge an unfavorable stereotype against Japanese. Japanese Americans were subject to legislative and judicial discrimination by state and federal government, notably the Alien Land Act in 1913 and the naturalization law considered Japanese as "aliens ineligible to citizenship." The third and fourth chapters probed into the reasons for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War Ⅱ, and the living conditions there, the consequences of the internment, and their assimilation into American society. The relocation camps of isolated areas and inhuman living conditions produced many significant changes. Among these were the collapse of traditional Japanese family system and the generation conflicts between Issei, the first generation of Japanese and the Nisei, the second generation. During the war time, Japanese Americans were asked to gave up any allegiance to Japan and its Emperor. This caused bitter disagreement between parents and their children, ultimately breaking up the bonds of family. The Nisei organized JACL(Japanese American Citizen's League) and could finally gain the control Japanese community in America led by the Issei in the past. Many Japanese Nisei enlisted and fought with great distinction in Europe, showing their loyalty to the American government. After the evacuation in December 1945, Japanese Americans were finally freed, gradually blended into the American community. At the same time American government started to lift up the restrictions. Japanese Americans, especially the Nisei, tried to maximize the given opportunity in the land of freedom, could assimilate into the mainstream of American society. Japanese Americans were considered as the model minority, revealing success in business, education, and life in general in the United States to other ethnic groups.

만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 질-보정기대수명 손실 및 선별프로그램의 재정영향분석

배은미 고려대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to examine the quality-adjusted life expectancy loss due to COPD and to examine the budget impact of COPD screening tests on the national health screening program. Method: To calculate the quality-adjusted life expectancy, the Markov model was constructed to determine the difference of life expectancy between COPD patients and the general population aged 40-79 in 2016. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used for the distribution of patients' age, gender, and severity, and published literature was used for the probability of death and the transition probability of the health status. National statistics were used to estimate the life expectancy of the general population. The quality of life was surveyed using the EQ-5D questionnaire on 298 COPD patients who have been treated at the respiratory department of three university hospitals in 2014. A budget impact analysis (BIA) was conducted to examine the financial impact of COPD screening tests adopting the payer's perspective. A decision tree model was used to compare the scenario where COPD screening test was added to national screening programs versus those that were not. The time horizon extended up to 5 years, and the cost and effectiveness of receiving treatment after diagnosis were considered. After the first year, the Markov model is followed, in which the cost of treatment and the reduction of the cost of acute exacerbations due to treatment are calculated for the patients receiving treatment. Scenarios were set for smokers, men, and high risk groups. COPD Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) was selected for the preliminary screening, and the cut-point was 16.5 (87% sensitivity and 44% specificity). In addition, the cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted as exploratory research. The previously established decision tree model and the Markov model were used, and the time horizon was 5 years and the model cycle was 1 year. The perspective of the payer was adopted and the discount rate of 5% was applied. The effectiveness of treatment was derived from the literature, and other benefits besides reducing acute exacerbation – delay of disease progression, reduce death, and improve quality of life - were conducted in sensitivity analysis. Result: At the individual level, the loss of quality-adjusted life expectancy in COPD patients (40~79 years old) was about 4.57 years when compared to the general population. When assuming a prevalence of 8%, there was a loss of 37,000 years per 100,000 people at the population level, If COPD screening for the smokers aged 56 and 66 is included in the national screening program, the screening cost will be approximately 5.3 billion won per year, and the additional cost of finding one additional COPD patient will be approximately 31,000 won. Despite of the savings at the cost of acute exacerbation due to treatment effect, the net cost, including COPD-related treatment costs, was found to be more than 15 billion won over 5 years. In addition, when only the exacerbation benefit was included, the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) exceeded 400 million won, which is not cost-effective. However, when benefits of treatment-related health outcomes included reduced mortality, improved quality of life, and reduced rate of disease progression, ICER was estimated as around 8 million won per QALY. Conclusion: COPD is a disease that reduces the quality-adjusted life expectancy of the Korean population by 0.37 years. And the inclusion of a screening test in a national screening program was not cost-effective as of the present assumption, and its impact on finance may be higher considering the associated treatment cost, besides examination cost. COPD와 같은 만성질환은 고령화 사회와 밀접한 관련이 있어, 질병 부담은 계속 증가할 것으로 예상하는데, COPD는 높은 질병 부담과 비교하면 진단과 치료가 잘 이루어지지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 대한 방안으로 COPD 선별 검사를 국가 건강검진에 포함하는 것이 일각에서 제기되었는데, 이 경우 선별 검사가 보험재정에 미치는 영향과 비용 효과성을 조사해 볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 COPD로 인해 손실된 질-보정기대수명을 알아보는 것과 국가 건강검진에 COPD 선별 검사가 추가될 때의 재정 영향과 비용효과를 살펴보는 것이다. 질-보정 기대수명을 산출하기 위해 마콥 모형을 구축하여, 2016년 COPD로 추정되는 40~79세의 인구와 일반 인구의 질-보정기대수명의 차이를 구하였다. 환자의 성·연령분포 및 중증도 분포는 국민건강영양조사(2016) 결과를 이용하였고, 사망확률 및 건강상태 전이 확률은 기존 문헌으로부터 인용하였다. 일반 인구의 기대수명은 국가통계 자료를 이용하였으며, 삶의 질은 ‘14년 3개 대학병원 호흡기내과에서 지속해서 치료받는 COPD 환자 298명을 대상으로 한 EQ-5D 설문조사결과를 활용하였다. 우리나라 COPD 환자(40~79세)의 질-보정 기대수명의 손실은 개인 수준에서 일반 인구와 비교할 때 약 4.57년이었고, 유병률 8%를 가정할 때 인구집단 수준에서는 십만 명당 약 3만 7천여 년의 손실이 있었다. 선별 검사의 재정 영향을 살펴보기 위해 결정 수형 모형을 이용한 재정 영향분석(Budget Impact Analysis)을 하였다. 분석 관점은 보험자 관점을 채택하였고, 국가 건강검진에 폐 기능 검사가 추가될 경우와 현행처럼 추가되지 않은 경우를 비교하였다. 분석 기간은 최대 5년까지로 확장하였으며, 이때 검진의 결과로 진단 이후 치료를 받는 경우와 치료로 인한 효과까지 고려되었다. 첫 1년 이후에는 마콥 모형을 따르게 되며, 이때는 치료를 계속 받는 인구에 대해서 치료비용과 치료로 인한 급성 악화비용 절감 부분이 산출된다. 선별 검사 대상 인구에 따른 시나리오는 56세/66세 흡연자를 대상으로 하는 경우, 55세/66세 남성을 대상으로 하는 경우, 56세/66세 인구를 대상으로 사전선별 설문을 시행하여 설문결과 고위험군만 대상으로 하는 경우를 각각 별개의 시나리오로 하여 분석결과를 제시하였다. 사전선별에 사용되는 설문지는 COPD Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ)를 선정하였고, 컷-포인트는 16.5(민감도 87%, 특이도 44%)로 하였다. 또한, 재정 영향분석 외에도 국가 건강검진에 COPD 선별 검사가 추가될 때 비용-효과 분석을 탐색적으로 실시하였는데, 앞서 구축된 결정 수형 모형과 마콥 모형을 이용하였고, 분석 기간은 5년, 주기는 1년으로 하였다. 관점은 보험자 관점을 채택하였고, 할인율은 5%를 적용하였다. 치료의 성과로는 급성 악화 빈도의 감소를 고려하였으며, 기존 문헌에서 효과 추정치를 인용하였다. 그 외의 편익(질병의 진행을 늦추거나 사망위험을 줄이고, 삶의 질을 증진하는 편익)은 민감도 분석에서 반영하였다. COPD 선별 검사를 국가 건강검진에 포함 시킬 때, 56세와 66세 흡연자를 대상으로 하면 검진비용으로 연간 약 53억 원이 더 소요되고, 1건의 추가 COPD 환자를 찾는데 추가되는 비용은 약 3만 천 원으로 추정되었다. 검진비용 외에 COPD 관련 치료비용까지 범위를 넓혀보면, 급성 악화로 인한 절감 비용을 고려하더라도 치료비용이 증가하여, 선별 검사와 관련한 순 비용은 5년간 연평균 150억 원 이상이 추가되는 것으로 나타났다. 비용-효과 분석의 결과 또한 점증적 비용-효과 비가 4억 원을 웃돌 정도로 비용-효과적이지는 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 치료로 인한 건강 결과의 편익을 급성 악화의 감소 외에 사망률 감소, 삶의 질 향상, 질병의 진행속도 감소까지 포함하였을 때는 ICER가 8백만 원 수준으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, COPD는 우리나라 전체인구의 질-보정 기대수명을 인구당 0.37년 감소시키는 질환이나, COPD 선별 검사를 국가 건강검진에 포함하기에는 검진의 임상적 유용성을 둘러싼 근거가 불충분하고, 이에 따라 선별 검사의 비용-효과성을 둘러싼 불확실성 또한 큰 것으로 나타났다. 선별 검사에 직접 드는 비용뿐 아니라 진단 이후의 치료비용까지 고려하였을 때 선별 검사의 재정 영향은 56/66세 흡연자를 대상으로 하는 시나리오의 경우 향후 5년간 연평균 150억 원 이상의 보험재정이 소요되어 검진비용만 고려하였을 때보다 재정에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났고, 비용-효과 비는 4억 원 이상이었다.

기억 신뢰가 강박적 확인행동에 미치는 영향 : 의심과 부적응적 완벽주의 매개 효과를 중심으로

배은미 중앙대학교 심리서비스대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 기억 신뢰가 강박적 확인행동에 미치는 영향과 관계를 검증하고, 의심과 부적응적 완벽주의가 기억 신뢰를 통해 강박적 확인행동으로 발현되는 과정에 기여 하는 심리적 기제인지 여부를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 성인 남녀를 대상으로 기억 그리고 인지 확신 척도(MACCS), 파두아 강박 질문지 개정판(PI-WSUR), 오류 관련 의심 질문지(ERDQ), 다차원적 완벽주의 척도(FMPS) 한국판 DASS21 우울, 불안 및 스트레스 척도(K-DASS21)를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 총 277명의 데이터가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. SPSS 21.O for Windows 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 기술 통계 분석, 상관 분석, 매개 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 기억 신뢰는 의심과 부적응적 완벽주의를 매개로 강박적 확인행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 기억 신뢰가 낮을수록 의심과 부적응적 완벽주의가 높아져서 강박적 확인행동이 증가 한다는 것을 의미 한다. 이러한 결과는 기억 신뢰를 향상 시키고 의심과 부적응적 완벽주의를 감소시키는 치료전략을 활용 하는 것이 강박적 확인행동을 감소시키는 효율적인 방법임을 시사한다. This study aims to verify the effect and relationship of memory confidence on Obsessive Checking Behavior, and to determine whether doubt and maladaptive perfectionism are psychological mechanisms that contribute to the process of being expressed as Obsessive Checking Behavior through memory confidence. The data were collected using the Memory and Cognitive Confidence Scale(MACCS), Padua Inventory-washington State University Revision(PI-WSUR), Error-Related Doubt Questionnaire(ERDQ), and Multidimensional Perfectional Scale(FMPS), Korean version of DASS21(K-DASS21), and a total of 277 data were used for the final analysis. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.O for Windows program. The result of this study suggested that memory confidence had a significant effect on Obsessive Checking Behavior through doubt and maladaptive perfectionism. In other words, the lower the memory confidence, the higher the doubt and maladaptive perfectionism, which means that the Obsessive Checking Behavior increases. These results suggest that using a treatment strategy to improve memory confidence and reduce doubt and maladaptive perfectionism is an effective way to reduce Obsessive Checking Behavior.

兒童의 集團演奏活動과 音樂才能 및 社會性과의 關係에 관한 一硏究 : 國民學校 中心으로

배은미 梨花女子大學校 敎育大學院 1983 국내석사

백워드 설계에 기반한 초등학교 인성교육 단원 개발

배은미 경북대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Character education has been developing throughout the history of education in Korea. However, with the occurrence of recent problems, such as school violence and the sinking of Sewol Ferry, concerns and interests in character education have increased more than ever. Accordingly, the government has been steadily strengthening character education by devising various policies. The problem is, rather than addressing the issue with fundamental solutions over time, the government has been trying to make an approach with various practice-oriented solutions that can bring immediate, visible results. These visible results that are achieved through such practice-oriented character education contribute to only superficial aspects. They cannot be seen as fundamental solutions if they do not cultivate inner character. From the viewpoint that the knowledge of humankind included in the curriculum is not pointless and does have an effect on the individual character, character education should be integrated in the subject matter education and be implemented continuously and systematically. However, due to the current educational focus on college entrance examinations, superficial education to cover the curriculum, and fragmentary knowledge-oriented and result-centered evaluation structure, character education has not been carried out properly in the subject matter education. Based on the discussions so far, it is desirable to move toward character education through subject matter education, but as it has not been properly implemented, it is necessary to seek a solution to this. Against this backdrop, this study focused on backward design, a model of designing a curriculum that sets a goal focusing on big ideas and emphasizes evaluation during class for students to reach genuine understanding. Based on the direction of character education in elementary school, it devises and applies units on character education and derives implications. Hence, the aim of this study is to devise and apply units on character education based on the direction of backward-design-based character education in elementary school and to derive implications afterward. For this, literature analysis was conducted, and after a focus group interview, the content analysis was conducted. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the concept of character, character education, and elements of character education were examined, integrated, and defined for this study. Character is the personality and ability to realize desirable values needed to live with other people, and it is defined to include moral cognition, emotion, and behavior. Based on this, character education is defined as the education that comprehensively considers moral cognition, emotion, and behavior in order to internalize the desirable values that are socially agreed, cultivate oneself, and develop the personality needed to live with other people and the abilities to practice this. The definition of the elements of character education can further refine the abstract concepts of character and character education, and can help understand how character education should be carried out. In this study, the tendency of presenting the elements of character education was analyzed through analysis of previous studies, and the elements of character education needed for character education through subject matter education were restructured and presented. Second, after analyzing the major approaches of character education, the approach and characteristics of this study were presented. The approach to character education can be categorized into virtue-centered approach, cognitive developmental approach, care-oriented approach, social emotional approach, and integrated approach. Among these, this study tried to view character education according to integrated approach. Integrated approach views character as something composed of moral cognition, moral emotion, and moral behavior, which are interrelated. In other words, if a person truly understands what is desirable and feels positive about it, he will act on it. Third, the limitations of existing approaches to develop units were pointed out and the method and characteristics of unit development of this study were examined. The units of Korean curriculum were developed according to the traditional approach that consists of units focusing on topics, subjects, and activities. Units developed in this way have the advantage of being able to easily understand related contents, but since the contents related to a specific topic are listed, the priorities of the contents are not clearly shown. If all contents are taught with the same level of importance, classes tend to become superficial. Also, there is difficulty in presuming the ultimate goal of each unit and reaching the genuine understanding because of the segmented construction of classes. Also, the traditional method focuses mainly on knowledge or functional aspects so characters and emotional aspects tend to be ignored. Hence, this study tried to develop units of character education according to the approach of ILOs in order to make up for the limitations of the existing approach. The approach of ILOs is a method of clustering units centered on ILOs classification. This approach structures units focusing on affective aspects as well as knowledge and functions, so it can evenly focus on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor areas. Also, by deducing, classifying, and clustering ILOs, it is easy to structure a consistent unit and compose the overall meaning. In addition, when the ILOs are derived, they go through a refining process, which determines the priorities of the ILOs, by which one can design units focusing on essential contents. Fourth, the relationship between backward design and character education was explored. Backward design makes it possible to have character education that integrates moral cognition, moral emotion, and moral behavior. Also, in pursuit of the achievement of the subject matter education goals, it also pursues the understanding of the relevant elements of character education, so the understanding of the goals related to character and internalization can be expected. Also, backward design provides time to incorporate character education as a result of the classes centered on big ideas, and performance tasks are given as the major class activities and evaluation is carried out. So, the problem of neglecting character education due to the lack of evaluation can partly be resolved. In addition, as the goal of character education is practiced through internalization, the goal of backward design is transfer based on true understanding, so the goals are connected. Fifth, the direction and implementation method of character education based on backward design was examined step by step and units on character education were designed. In establishing the goals of the character education unit in stage 1, the six aspects of understanding can be focused: explanation, interpretation, empathy, perspective and self-knowledge. The essential question is made for a broad approach in relation to the background of the given subject, relate to students’ actual lives, and be flexible in its format. In the case of stage 2, the evaluation criteria based on goals are set first, and the performance tasks and other evidence directly related to students' lives are set. As for performance tasks, real life situation is given so that learning can be transferred to life outside the classroom. In addition, character education becomes possible by combining the elements of character education with each element of GRASPS and setting up performance tasks. And when other evidence is necessary, narrative evaluation can be conducted in order to take a look at the changes in students' minds. In the third stage, teachers can increase students’ participation by designing performance tasks in consultation with the students, rather than presenting the problem situation unilaterally. Also, performance tasks are structured while keeping consistency with previous stages and especially they are made from constructive perspective so that they are focused on students' experience of constructing semantics as active and conative learners. As reflection is needed for growth, students should be given many chances to look back and reflect on their activities. Continuous feedback should help students improve their attitudes and behaviors and help them maximize student achievement through differentiation strategies. At the end of a lesson, students should be given an opportunity to look back and reflect on their overall activities. According to the step-by-step direction and implementation method, elementary school third grade Korean education, fourth grade moral education, fourth grade curriculum integration, sixth grade mathematics education and unit on character education were devised. Sixth, units on character education were applied and implications and considerations for application were deduced. After having morality class, curriculum integration, mathematics and units on character education, class reviews, narrative evaluation, class observation records, interview data were collected and analyzed. For the unit of character education in Korean language class that was not carried out, scenario analysis was conducted. The implications for the application of units of character education are as follows. First, character education based on backward design can increase students' interest and participation. Second, character education based on backward design can help students to understand and cultivate their willingness to practice. Third, collaborative activities with clear recognition of learning goals of a unit and performance goals help internalize additional elements of character education such as consideration, respect, cooperation, dialogue, and communication abilities, as well as values and virtues related to goals. Fourth, it seems backwards design are recognized for its educational effect but is regarded as a difficult and unfamiliar theory. So there seem to be difficulty to utilize it for character education immediately. Next, the followings are considerations for developing and applying units on character education based on backward design. First, it is necessary to identify big ideas based on the curriculum, and to transform the recognition of teachers into class design based on them. Second, in the beginning, active intervention of a teacher is required, but gradually the role of the teacher should be reduced so that the students can solve the problem by themselves. Third, emphasis on evaluation is needed. Fourth, students should be helped so that the performance tasks in backward design will not end as one interesting activity, and essential questions should be asked so that students will not lose focus on their exploratory activities. Also, among WHERERTO elements, R(reflection, reconsideration, revision) should be focused so students can have a chance to reconsider the construction of meaning. Finally, for character education based on backward design, proper class culture suitable for it should be preceded. Character cannot be developed through experiences or practice-oriented education focused on instant and visible results, but can be raised through continuous and systematic teaching in school education. Instead of learning values and virtues through passive learning of knowledge, if students learn what is right and wrong, how they should live through actual activities by constructing meanings and reflecting on them, this will continuously influence their lives. In addition, if these educational efforts are repeated and continued, students’ character will gradually be cultivated. As a result, it can be concluded that backward design as a method of character education through subject matter education can help students gradually develop their character.

국내 공공 소년소녀합창단 현황분석 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

배은미 동국대학교 2019 국내석사

The chorus of boys & girls is the most suitable performance for the community and delivering emotion and message while pursuing more emotional and pure music than for the adult chorus. According to a research of 500 first-year students at the University of Burgundy in France in 2012, students who took a music lesson consistently got a 25 percent higher score in math and a 75 percent higher in a memory test than those who did not. So chorus has a positive effect on not only musical education but also academic. So chorus has a positive effect on not only musical education but also studying. After western music introduced a hundred years ago, there is a lot of development in the music field, and the choir has been activated and provided lots of musical experience. By extending the qualification of a member to high school and renaming as boys & girls choir or youth choir, the children’s choir is maintaining their activities. And there is a variable type of the choir such as municipal choir, autonomous district choir, television choir, school choir, private choir, religious group choir, and so on. It is increasing the number and type of group that runs the choir. Since the implementation of local autonomy system in the mid-1990s, the national and public arts organizations actively have been established and operated in terms of bridging the cultural gap between regions and securing cultural identity. The choir for boys & girls was established in big city-centered and expanded nationwide. Due to government support, they can provide an arts performance steady and sustainably, but it also is true that they have many difficulties. For the second time since 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Junior Chorus hosted the special concert in the name of 'Boys & Girls Chorus Festival of Seoul Metropolitan Autonomous District' in October 2016. At that time, we found that only eight of twenty-five autonomous districts ran a boys & girls choir. In spite of the choir could bring many things to children and teens such as musical aspects, cooperation and accomplishment, conductors and administrators had many difficulties in directing and operating the choir. In reality, if there is no support for a boys & girls choir from a large organization, the choir must run in poor conditions. After 2016, until recently six choirs run by an autonomous district of Seoul, have established and it will be increasing the number of public boys & girls choir consistently in the future. As the structure of the children's choir is rapidly changing and the scale of them also becomes large, the form created by the artist and transported to the audience is shifting to the type the arbitrator who plays the role between the artist and the audience is necessary. And as the art efficiency and the evolution of the art infrastructure are evolving by the introduction of art management, arts management specialists along administrative changes become necessary as many as artists. Previous studies in relation to boys & girls choir mainly are focusing on musical analysis by naming them 'Children's Choir'. It is not easy to find research in the aspects of arts management, i.e. field knowledge of administration and management of the choir. Also, it is hard to study children's arts association because of lack of data in comparison to adult arts association. However, it is required to study focusing on the arts management and the arts administration for improving the situation of boys & girls choir that is in the various financial and structural problems. In this study, through the investigation over operation of public boys & girls choir, we will understand the overall operation status of the choir in domestic and consider various problems that they are facing. And we will suggest efficient ways to solve the problem and will look for methods to approach citizens with competitive works and performances. In the future, the national competitiveness will come from the power of culture and our lives will be enriched by children's bright and clear voices more and more.

남성 헤어디자이너의 직업선택 동기와 직무특성, 직무만족 및 이직의도에 관한 연구

배은미 서경대학교 2015 국내석사

사회적인 분위기가 변화되고 미용서비스산업의 직업 인식이 바뀌고 있다. 헤어디자이너에 대한 직업전문성이 인정받으면서 헤어디자이너가 되려는 사람이 늘어났고 이와 함께 성에대한 역할 인식이 변하면서 전통적으로 여성의 영역이던 미용서비스산업에 남성들의 진출이 활발해져 현재 많은 남성 헤어디자이너들이 활발하게 활동하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 남성 헤어디자이너의 직업선택 동기와 직무특성, 직무만족 및 이직의도에 대한 연구를 통해 남성 헤어디자이너의 근무환경 개선과 직무만족을 위한 방안을 제공하는 데 의의가 있다