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배영수,조광헌,Bae, Young-Soo,Jo, Kwang-Hun 대한치과보철학회 1986 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Numerous studies have been reported on the movement of the jaw during chewing. However, there is still much controversy. The purposes of this study were to observe the jaw movement during mastication and to provide the information in prosthodontic treatment and diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. The author analyzed the time and characteristics of the masticatory movement during chewing using mandibular kinesiograph in 24 subjects, 17 males 7 females, age of 22-27 without orofacial problems. The obtained results were as follows: The duration of single chewing cycle was $515{\pm}87msec.$. Comparing the three phases of the chewing cycle (opening, closing, centric pause), the closing phase had the longest duration, and the centric pause had the shortest duration. The maximal laterotrusive movement of the mandible druing chewing was $3.5{\pm}1mm$. The maximal mediotrusive movement of the mandible during chewing was $1.0{\pm}0.7mm$. The maximal vertical velocity of the mandible during chewing was $120{\pm}28mm/sec.$ in opening phase, and $109{\pm}21mm/sec.$ in closing phase. 경북대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 남자 17명, 여자 7명 총 24명을 연구대상으로 M.K.G의 sweep mode에 나타나는 저작운동을 분석한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 단일 저작회로의 기간은 $515{\pm}87msec.$ 이며, 이중 폐구 기간이 가장 길었고, 개구 기간, centric pause의 기간 순위였다. (P<0.005). 개구시 저작측으로 측방변위한 양은 $3.5{\pm}1mm$이었고, 비저작측으로 측방변위한 양은 $1.0{\pm}0.7mm$이었다. 개구시 최대 수직속도는 $120{\pm}28m/sec.$이며, 폐구시 최대 수직속도는 $109{\pm}21mm/sec.$로서 개구시의 최대 수직속도가 더 빠르게 나타났다. (P<0.05).
裵永洙(Bae Young-soo) 역사학회 2009 역사학보 Vol.0 No.204
This paper reviews recent works on the history of elite in the United States, in particular the books published by Richard L. Bushman, Sven Beckert, Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle, and Terry Bouton. These new works do not rely on the biographical approach that historians interested in elite mostly preferred until the mid-20th century. Focused on the rise of bourgeoisie in the U.S., the works instead treat elite as a self-conscious category that helps change American society. Yet they do not investigate the power structure, one of those hierarchies that differentiate elite from common people; their authors, all experts in the field of social history, tend to leave out politics in their picture of American bourgeoisie. Bushman, Beckert and other historians thus do not help to understand how political elite diverged from the bourgeoisie in mid-19th century America and why, issues of crucial significance since C. Wright Mills coined the term "power elite" and called attention to the interrelationship among politicians, businessmen and generals in the higher circle.