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[논문]부산항 매축업자 이케다 스케타다(池田佐忠)의 기업 활동
배석만 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2012 한국민족문화 Vol.42 No.-
This study showed the overall corporate activities of Suketada Ikeda (池田 佐忠), who was a main figure of the Port of Busan development in Japanese colonial period, and analyzed his personal connections in politics, military and bureaucracy as main factors that enabled him to grow up. Ikeda came to Joseon as a professional soldier, and he stayed in Joseon after discharge from the army in 1916. He started agriculture and forestry as his own business capitalizing the national forest that was disposed of by the government. In addition, he shifted to reclamation in the mid-1920’s. Subsequently, he rapidly expanded his business because of reclamation the South Port (南港) of Busan, and then he developed into a major capitalist who ran port infrastructure construction, oil business, industrial city construction and others at the same time based on the reclaimed land in the late 1930’s. Behind it was possible for Ikeda to grow to a representative Japanese capitalist of Joseon in just over ten years, there was support from Oriental Development Company (東洋拓殖株式會社). In addition, his powerful political and bureaucratic personal connections enabled him to achieve it. An image as a 'marginal man' has been emphasized in recent studies related to 'Japanese living in Joseon' in the Japanese colonial period. However, the case of Ikeda can be recognized as a person who has supported the traditional opinion, a 'advance guard of the empire. 본 연구는 일제시기 부산항 개발의 주역이었던 이케다 스케타다(池田佐忠)의 기업 활동 전반을 밝힘과 함께 그가 성장할 수 있었던 주요 요인으로서 정치권, 군부, 관료계의 인맥을 분석해 내었다. 이케다는 직업군인으로 조선에 왔으며 1916년 제대 후 조선에 남아 불하받은 국유림을 밑천으로 농림업으로 사업을 시작했다. 그리고 1920년대 중반 매축업으로 전환하였고 부산 남항매축을 계기로 사업을 급격히 확대하여 1930년대 후반에는 매축한 부지를 토대로 항만인프라건설, 석유사업, 공업도시건설사업 등을 동시에 전개하는 대자본가로 성장했다. 이케다가 불과 10여년의 짧은 기간에 조선을 대표하는 일본인자본가로 성장할 수 있었던 배경에는 동양척식주식회사의 지원이 있었고, 이것이 가능했던 것은 막강한 정군관계 인맥 덕분이었다. 이케다의 사례는 일제시기 ‘재조일본인’과 관련한 최근 연구에서 강조 되고 있는 ‘경계인’으로서의 이미지 보다는 전통적 주장인 ‘제국의 첨병’을 뒷받침하는 인물로 평가할 수 있다.
일제시기 조선과 타이완(臺灣)의 조선산업(造船産業) 비교분석
배석만 한국경영사학회 2019 經營史學 Vol.88 No.-
The purpose of this study is to weigh the development process of shipping industry between Chosun and Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period and investigate the similarities and differences, mainly focusing on Chosun Heavy Industry, Ltd.(朝鮮重工業) and Taiwan Dock(臺灣船渠), Ltd., both countries' biggest shipbuilders. The similarities and differences between shipping industries of both countries during the Japanese colonial period are summarized as follows: First, Busan Harbor and Jīlóng Harbor(基隆港) the Japanese Empire developed focusing on capabilities as its colony's companies were the parts of its harbor facilities. They were for comparatively minor repairs of the ships moving in harbors. Second, the shipping industry of both countries did not make progress in earnest even until early 1930s, because both were the markets of Japan's shipping industry. Third, it was from the late 1930s that the growth of both countries' shipping industries was regularized, which resulted from the establishment of Taiwan Dock. The construction of the two shipyards was a result of the rise of a national promotion rather than market demands. Fourth, the process of management and production activity until Japan's defeat in the war in 1945 after the establishment of Chosun Heavy Industry and Taiwan Dock spread out similarly. However, there was a remarkable difference. Chosun Heavy Industry grew as a shipyard focusing on shipbuilding, while Taiwan Dock grew as a shipyard focusing on repair of vessels. The difference in shipping industry between both countries was the need of Japanese Empire's conduct of war under the war basis period. 본 연구는 일제시기 조선과 타이완(臺灣) 조선산업(造船産業)의 전개과정을 비교ㆍ검토하여그 유사성과 차이성을 밝히는 것이다. 주로 양국 최대 조선회사인 조선중공업(朝鮮重工業)(주) 과 타이완선거(臺灣船渠)(주)에 주목하였다. 일제시기 양국 조선산업의 유사성 및 차이성은 이하의 몇 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 양국 조선산업은 일제가 역량을 집중하여 식민지 항구로 개발했던 부산항과 지룽항(基隆港) 항만시설의 일부로 시작되었다. 항구에 출입하는 선박의 비교적 간단한 수리가 목적이었다. 둘째, 1930년대 전반까지도 양국 조선산업은 본격적으로 발전하지 못했다. 양국 모두 일본 조선산업의 시장이었기 때문이다. 셋째, 양국 조선산업 성장이 본격화 된 것은 1930년대 후반부터였다. 조선중공업과 타이완선거의 설립이 계기가 되었다. 이 두 조선소의 건설은 시장의 요구라기보다는 국가 차원의 육성 필요성이 대두된 결과였다. 넷째, 조선중공업과 타이완선거의 설립이후 1945년 일본 패전까지의 경영과 생산 활동 과정은 유사한 전개를 보였다. 하지만 주목되는 차이도 있었다. 조선중공업은 선박 건조를 중심으로 하는 조선소로 성장하였던 반면에, 타이완선거는 선박 수리를 중심으로 하는 조선소로 성장하였다. 양국 조선산업의 차이는 전시체제기 일제의 전쟁 수행을 위한 필요성이 결과한 것이었다.
배석만 부경역사연구소 2013 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.33
This study examined the evolution of shipping industry and its structural problems in 1950s’ Korea. Immediate after of 1945, the Chosen Yusen Corporation as not only government-vested firms but colonial ruled legacy and the company which Korean government operated and aided from US government managed the shipping industry. The Korea Shipping Corporation Ltd., which originated from the Chosen Yusen Corporation, as well as private shipping companies were established in 1950s. The Korea Shipping Corporation transported Korean government treated things and the private companies conveyed products in coastal area. Korean government tried to divide the shipping market into outer area for the Korea Shipping Corporation and coastal area for private companies in order to promote shipping industry. But the promotion policy did not succeed since the Korea Shipping Corporation could not enter to shipping market for open see far from the land and the excessive competition was occurred in coastal area shipping market. The Rhee Syngman government tried to promote shipping industry in 1950s but we should valuate that it was not successful.
재조일본인자본가 다테이시 요시오(立石良雄) 일가의 기업 활동
배석만(Bae Suk Man)(裵錫滿) 한일민족문제학회 2017 한일민족문제연구 Vol.32 No.-
This study analyzed the business activities of the Tateishi Yoshio (立石 良雄) family which grew up to be a large capitalist based in Busan during Japanese colonial period. The objective of the study is to further specifying the history of the Japanese who lived in the colonial Chosun by adding an example of a business man, which has been relatively neglected in the study of Japanese who lived in Chosun. Tateishi moved to Busan in 1911, one year after Chosun became a Japanese colony and engaged in manufacturing and selling candles. Based on the business, he expanded his business into the areas of petroleum sales and refinery and became one of the Japanese business tycoons located in Chosun by late 1930s. As with most Japanese business men stationed in Korea at the time, however, Tateishi s businesses faced crisis with the advent of the Japanese wartime control economy, especially with the start of Pacific War which gradually progressed to Japanese disadvantage and led to extreme government control and mobilization of private businesses. His petroleum sales and refinery business was confiscated by the Imperial State. After the death of Tateishi Yoshio in 1941, his son Tateishi Shinkichi (立石信吉) inherited family businesses and tried to revitalize family business through military logistics business such as recycling of aluminum nuggets which was designated by the Japanese Army but could not regain the past glory after all. 本研究では、植民地期において釜山を拠点にして大資本家に成長した立石良雄一家の企業活動を分析したものである。在朝日本人研究のなかでは、比較的に研究が少ない資本家に対する事例研究を追加し、植民地朝鮮に居住した日本人の歴史象をより具体化しようとする目的である。 立石は、朝鮮の日本植民地化となった翌年である1911年、釜山に渡り、キャンドルの製造販売事業によって基盤を築いた。そして、それをもとに、石油販売、精油業に事業を拡大して、1930年代後半には朝鮮を代表する在朝日本人資本家の一人となった。 しかし、大概の在朝日本人資本家と同様に、植民地期末の戦時統制経済の開始、特に太平洋戦争か勃発し、戦況が不利となることに比例して現れた極端な制御と動員によって、立石の事業は危機を迎えた。石油販売、精油業など主力事業が国家に半強制的に帰属された。1941年立石義雄が死亡したことによって家業を継承した長男の立石信吉は、こうした危機の打開策として日本陸軍の指定工場としてアルミ塊を再生するなど、軍需事業の経営を通じて活路を模索したが、過去の栄光を戻すことはできなかった。
일제시기 부산의 대자본가 香椎源太郎의 자본축적 활동-日本硬質陶器의 인수와 경영을 중심으로-
배석만 부경역사연구소 2009 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.25
The aim of this paper is to study a Great Capitalist of Busan, Gentaro Kashii(香椎源太郎)’s activity of accumulating capital, by examining the process that he had taken over and had run ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’(日本硬質陶器會社). Kashii took over ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ of Kanazawa which had been in financial difficulties in 1925. ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ had a head factory in Kanazawa and a branch factory in Busan. Naturally, the former was larger than the latter. Kashii developed the factory of Busan more greatly than the factory of Kanazawa, making the former main office. In the 1930s, ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ became the biggest pottery factory in Joseon. Chinaware produced in this factory was one of principal export items. He made trouble with regional economic groups in Kanazawa when he took over ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’. It suggest that the study of Joseon’s economy under the rule of Japanese imperialism have to consider an antagonistic relationship among local communities, besides the up-and-down relation between a Japanese imperialism and a colony. His takeover and management of ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ showed that he was a leader of industrialization of Joseon, a representative business man of Joseon or Busan as ‘a region’ in which Korean as well as Japanese were included. Kashii’s successful position was owing to his human network which had taken on a political character rather than his business ability. The aim of this paper is to study a Great Capitalist of Busan, Gentaro Kashii(香椎源太郎)’s activity of accumulating capital, by examining the process that he had taken over and had run ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’(日本硬質陶器會社). Kashii took over ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ of Kanazawa which had been in financial difficulties in 1925. ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ had a head factory in Kanazawa and a branch factory in Busan. Naturally, the former was larger than the latter. Kashii developed the factory of Busan more greatly than the factory of Kanazawa, making the former main office. In the 1930s, ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ became the biggest pottery factory in Joseon. Chinaware produced in this factory was one of principal export items. He made trouble with regional economic groups in Kanazawa when he took over ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’. It suggest that the study of Joseon’s economy under the rule of Japanese imperialism have to consider an antagonistic relationship among local communities, besides the up-and-down relation between a Japanese imperialism and a colony. His takeover and management of ‘Japan Ironstone Chinaware Mfg. Co. Ltd’ showed that he was a leader of industrialization of Joseon, a representative business man of Joseon or Busan as ‘a region’ in which Korean as well as Japanese were included. Kashii’s successful position was owing to his human network which had taken on a political character rather than his business ability.
1970~80년대 일본 조선업 구조조정과 기업의 대응 - 대기업 조선소를 중심으로 -
배석만 효원사학회 2023 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.64
This article examines the restructuring of the Japanese shipbuilding industry twice from the late 1970s to the 1980s. Mainly paying attention to large shipbuilders, the actual state of restructuring and the response of companies to it were analyzed in detail analyzed. Seven large shipbuilders have reduced 50% of their existing facilities through restructuring. The method of restructuring was different for each shipyard. In particular, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the industry's first and second largest shipbuilders, IshikawaJimaharima Heavy Industries were in stark contrast. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries tried to maintain its facility capacity as much as possible, while IshikawaJimaharima Heavy Industries sought to transform its business. Mitsui Shipbuilding, a shipyard under the conglomerate, maintained its facility capacity with the help of its affiliates. On the other hand, Hitachi Shipbuilding, which was a shipbuilding company, took various measures, but failed to maintain its facility capacity, and suffered the greatest damage from restructuring. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Nihon-Kokan, and Sumitomo Heavy Industries which had a relatively small proportion of the shipbuilding business, had little impact on restructuring, and the conversion of their main businesses proceeded without difficulty.