Multilevel Model의 공간적 적용

배미애 釜山大學校 사범대학 지리교육과 2000 釜山地理 Vol.9 No.1

Recent theoretical and methodological developments allow us to consider with a deeper understanding of the conceptual, methodological and technical problems of scale in geographical research. Conceptually there has been a return to a place specificity which stresses contextuality and recognize the dialectic interplay between the local and the general in maintaining the uniqueness of place, relating to the changing methodology of new regional geography which stresses unique, place-specific interpretation of general processes. A theoretical perspective for geography which emphasize context requires an analysis that is sensitive to differences in people and place. In this paper, one appropriate qualitative and quantitative method as a new solution to problems of scale in geography with the context of place, is discussed, namely multilevel model. Technically, multilevel models take specific account of hierarchical structure within set of data by modelling variability at the each of the levels within a hierarchy and allowing for similarity between group members at each particular level. In geographical research, most importantly by distinguishing different levels, multilevel models allow relationships to vary according to context of place. In other words, multilevel models offer a considerable improvement by allowing extensive research to operate simultaneously at more than one scale, thereby distinguishing the compositional from the contextual. The multilevel models evolved conceptually in educational research, but multilevel modelling has many potential applications in geography, relating educational achievement (geography of education), health-related behaviour (medical geography) and voting behaviour (electoral geography) with reflecting the contention that there are contextual effects operating on individuals. It also can contribute to research on many other subjects of human geography as a social science with the emphasis on the concepts of contextuality. It needs, however, clear recognition of scale and very careful interpretation of results. With careful use, it must be a major qualitative and quantitative tool to contribute the development for geographical research.

인천지역 초등학교 5학년 대상 ‘어린이 건강UP 안전한 식생활교육’ 의 영양·식품안전 지식, 태도, 실천의 변화에 대한 효과

배미애,박소현,한소희,진정희,장경자 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

This study examined the effects of 'Dietary education for children's health UP' (DECHUP) on the changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of nutrition and food safety in 5th grade elementary school students in Incheon. The DECHUP program was conducted from May to October 2018 and consisted of education and activities focusing on the children's levels of understanding. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after DECHUP using the same method. All data were analyzed using SPSS ver 20.0. The level of knowledge and attitudes of the subjects to nutrition and food safety was significantly higher after than before DECHUP, but the attitude of boys did not show any significant difference after 6 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the behavior for nutrition in the practice of the subjects, there were significant positive changes in the behavior of food safety. The higher the satisfaction of DECHUP, the more positive the change in knowledge, and the more positive the attitude and practice behaviors. Therefore, DECHUP has positive effects on the KAP of the subjects, and it will be helpful for elementary school students to form desirable eating habits if it can be carried out periodically and continuously.

사회지표분석에 의한 복지공간연구

배미애 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1996 綠友硏究論集 Vol.36 No.-

복지정책의 평가와 공간적 이해

배미애 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 2000 綠友硏究論集 Vol.39 No.-

본 연구는 복지지리학의 평가적 접근방법을 바탕으로 복지정책의 실시로 인한 결과를 공간적인 관점에서 이해하고자 한 것이다. 특히 복지정책이 추구하는 목적과는 달리 많은 문제점을 노출시키고 또한 공간적인 불평등을 나타낸 우리 나라의 농촌지역을 의료복지정책의 측면에서 복지정책의 평가기준인 평등, 형평성, 공정성, 만족도의 개념을 통하여 설명하고자 하였다. 우리 나라의 농촌지역은 의료복지정책의 수행에 필요한 많은 제도의 결함으로 인하여 나타난 의료자원의 도시, 농촌간의 불평등한 분포, 보험료 부과의 평형성 부재, 의료보험적용의 공정성 결핍 등으로 의료복지적 측면에서 많은 불이익을 경험하였으며 이는 결과적으로 농촌주민들의 의료환경에 전체적인 불만족으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 시도한 공간적 관점에서의 복지정책평가는 지역의 욕구와 복지환경을 고려한 복지정책의 수립과 제도적인 보완에 기여하게 될 것이다. The health insurance policy of 1988 aimed to solve considerable health related problems in rural areas. It anticipated many changes in rural health environments. including the allocation of health resources, the need for health care, the quality of health services, the satisfaction of residents, and better access to services. However, while the urban health environment is much better than before, it is dearly not so in rural areas. The split between urban and rural areas has become more pronounced. This paper explores health environments in rural areas of Korea, and evaluates welfare policy (health insurance policy), using four criteria: equality, equity, fairness and satisfaction in geographical access. This evaluation focuses especially upon the uneven distribution of health resources, inequalities in accessibility to health care, inequity in charging for health insurance dues, unequal opportunity of getting health care benefits, and unsatisfaction for health environments. One of the principal conclusions of this paper is that weaknesses in welfare policy are leading to undesirable health environments in rural areas and greater inequalities in the geography of the health resources between urban and rural areas. Finally the paper discusses the implications of welfare policy for understanding rural changes.

A Note on the Boundendness of Continuous Functions on the Compact Intervals in R

배미애 원광대학교 사범대학 수학교육과 1986 시그마 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라 毛織工業의 立地

배미애 이화여자대학교 대학원 1985 硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.-

세계교육과 다문화교육의 연계 및 지리교과에서의 의의 : A Connection in Geography

배미애 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 교과교육학연구 Vol.8 No.1

세계화의 추세와 더불어 등장한 ‘세계교육’과 ‘다문화교육’은 오늘날 교육부분이 해결하여야 할 당면과제들이다. 인간이 추구하여야 할 보편적 가치학습을 통하여 국가 간 이해와 협력, 평화를 도모하기 위한 세계교육과 세계의 다양한 문화 속에서 학생들로 하여금 공평한 기회를 부여받으며 문화교류에 대한 긍정적 태도와 인식을 발달시킬 수 있도록 하는 다문화교육은 세계화가 추구하는 세계 공동체에 적합한 ‘다문화적 세계적 교양인’을 육성하는 데 필수적인 교육과제들이며 이는 세계교육과 다문화교육이 동시에 이루어짐으로써 가능할 수 있다. 다양한 문화의 교류와 통합은 ‘지역’ 속에서 이루어지며, 세계 각 지역의 지리적 현상을 종합적ㆍ체계적으로 이해하는 학문이 ‘지리학’이라면 지리교과는 세계교육과 다문화교육의 중심에 있어야 한다. 세계교육과 다문화교육에 대한 고찰은 세계화의 흐름 속에서 지리교과에 대한 새로운 인식과 관심을 재고하게 하는 계기가 될 것이다. The increasing globalization of economic, cultural, political, and intellectual institutions has been accelerated by revolution in technological communications. Concurrent with demographic change internal to nations in the era of globalization is the increasing interdependence of nations. Currently, attempt to educate others about interdependence are being made in both the global education movement and multicultural education movement. These are not unconnected and separated movements, including similar concerns and harmony in diversity. Through a cooperative endeavor to connect two movements, ‘multicultural global literates' with knowledge, skills, and attitude can work toward a successfully world future. This paper examine global education and multicultural education, addressing the meanings and assumptions underlying each, the relationship between two movements, and a possible connection in geography, focusing on the region with diverse culture.

여성의 사회적 배제와 지역 차에 관한 연구

배미애 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2007 여성학논집 Vol.24 No.1

빈곤은 우리나라뿐만 아니라 세계적으로 반드시 해결해야 하는 심각한 사회 문제중의 하나이다.빈곤 발생의 매커니즘이 명백히 다름에도 불구하고 빈곤이 지닌 포괄적인 의미에 흡수되어 다소 소홀히 취급되어 왔던 여성의 빈곤은 우리나라에서는IMF체제 이후 여성 가장의 증가와 더불어 심각한 사회 문제로 인식되고 있다.본 연구는 사회적 과정으로서의 빈곤의 동태적 성격과,단순한 경제적 결핍이 아닌 빈곤이원인이 되어 필연적으로 나타나는 빈곤층의 사회적ㆍ문화적ㆍ심리적 소외 현상에 중점을 두어 ‘빈곤’대신에 ‘사회적 배제’의 관점에서 우리나라 여성 빈곤의 문제를 다루고자 한다.여성 사회적 배제의 각 영역은 개별적으로 독립성을 지닌 것이 아니라 서로 밀접하게 연관되어 있으므로,빈곤 상황에 처해 있는 여성들은 경제적 배제가 원인이 되어 노동,건강,교육,사회 참여,가족 관계,주거와 같은 여성 삶과 연관된 사회의다양한 영역으로부터 배제당하고 있다.사회의 다양한 영역에서 여성들이 어느 정도배제당하고 있는가는 사회적 배제 지표를 통하여 측정될 수 있으며,표준화된 배제지수를 통하여 살펴 본 우리나라 여성의 사회적 배제 정도는 영역별로,지역별(대도시별)로 매우 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다.이러한 여성 사회적 배제의 지역적 차이는지역이 지니고 있는 사회경제적ㆍ인구학적 속성을 비롯한 인문환경적 요인이나 기타정책적ㆍ제도적 요인 등 기타 요인에 의해 여성의 사회적 배제를 야기시키거나 심화시키는 매커니즘이 지역마다 다르게 형성되기 때문으로 판단할 수 있다.따라서 우리나라 여성 빈곤과 사회적 배제의 특수성을 인식하고 도시별 사회적 배제의 차별성과배제 영역의 특성을 고려하여 여성의 사회적 배제를 해소하기 위한 정책을 실시한다면 빈곤의 여성화는 점차 약화되고 여성이 사회적으로 배제당하는 상황도 극복할 수있을 것으로 판단된다. Generally, concerns about high rates of poverty are a main focus, but increasingly consideration is given to men in poverty without regard for impoverished women in Korea. A recent trend in social policy is addressing 'social exclusion' which makes explicit the material conditions and outcomes of the exclusion of certain groups. Social exclusion paradigms place poverty as one element of the marginalization process producing needed groups which experience disadvantage in material, cultural and social ways. It offers an integrated framework for analysing social marginal groups, including gender as a form of exclusion. This article examines the areal differentiation of social exclusion as a new concept of poverty with a special focus on the geography of poverty and gender - particularly women who live in seven metropolitan cities(SeoulㆍBusanㆍDaeguㆍ IncheonㆍKwangjuㆍDaejeonㆍUlsan) in Korea. The first section of this article shows how the concept of poverty is related to 'social exclusion' and reviews the academic trend about poverty and social exclusion of women. To accomplish the purpose of this study, we need to define the key concept of 'feminization of poverty' and 'social exclusion'. The second section suggests a new academic approach to social exclusion, based on the classification of social exclusion into seven categories - financial, labour(unemploymentㆍpoor labour condition)ㆍeducationㆍhealthㆍfamily tiesㆍsocial participationㆍhousing and residential environment. The social exclusion indicators approach could help us bring about the necessary conclusion. In the third section, it is reported that the relative importance of excluded women is divided into seven categories of social exclusion and there is a profound distributionalinequality of socially excluded women between metropolitan cities in different geographical contexts. A concluding section sums up the discussion and offers some policy recommendations. The national-level policies to meet the problem of social exclusion must bring excluded women into the economic mainstream, and the roles of the state and welfare services agencies are critical in this process. Finally, it is argued, with reference to poverty based exclusion, that it is necessary for social exclusion to consider a concept of gender subjects rather than that of an implicitly universal person.

인천지역 장기요양시설과 주간보호시설 여성치매노인의 인지기능 및 영양섭취 비교

배미애,이영휘,김화순,유정순,장경자,Bae, Mi Ae,Lee, Young Whee,Kim, Hwa Soon,You, Jeong Soon,Chang, Kyung Ja 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

In this study we compared the cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening: MMSE-DS) and nutrient intake of elderly women with dementia in a long-term care facility (EW-LCF) and a day-time care facility (EW-DCF). This survey was conducted from July 2015 to May 2017 on 73 elderly women with dementia (47 women in LCF and 26 women in DCF) in the city of Incheon. The data obtained from interviews with the subjects and caregivers were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0. The total score of the MMSE-DS and intakes of most nutrients in the EW-LCF were significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). The nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) of protein, vitamin A, C, $B_6$, $B_{12}$, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, calcium and phosphorus in the EW-LCF were significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). However, the indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin C, $B_6$, thiamine, niacin, calcium, magnesium, and iron in the EW-LCF were significantly higher compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). As a result, the subjects showed an unbalanced and insufficient nutrition intake status regardless of the type of care facility. Most nutrient intakes of the EW-LCF with lower cognitive function were very significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the cognitive function and nutritional status regularly at care facilities for the elderly women suffering with dementia and to provide specialized individual nutritional management.

요양병원 치매노인의 급식 만족도와 식품의 종류 및 조리법에 따른 선호도 조사

배미애,김민지,장경자 한국식생활문화학회 2017 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

Elderly with dementia in geriatric hospitals (EDGH) are highly dependent on hospital meals. This study evaluated the foodservices satisfaction and food preference of the EDGH. The survey was conducted on 104 elderly with dementia (21 males and 83 females) in 4 geriatric hospitals in Seoul and Incheon in November, 2016. Data were collected from interviews using a questionnaire that consisted of 6 questions for foodservice satisfaction and 24 questions (10 categories) for food preference. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0. The satisfaction with taste, saltiness, texture, and variety in foodservices was good, but the satisfaction with the amount was not, and the reason for leaving food was its large serving size. The subjects preferred soft boiled rice, noodles, porridges, meats, fish, seafood, vegetables, and fruits. Among them, they preferred more janchiguksu, red bean porridge, beef, croaker, oyster, spinach, and banana. Regarding the cooking methods, they preferred soup, grill, and boiling, but not frying. The also preferred Chinese cabbage kimchi, but they did not prefer hard kkakdugi. They did not prefer milk because of diarrhea, but they preferred yogurt. Therefore, to provide a satisfying meal for EDGH, it is necessary to develop a friendly diet considering their food preferences.