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중력모형을 이용한 기체결 FTA 농산물 부문의 교역패턴 분석
박현희(Hyunhee Park) 한국통상정보학회 2020 통상정보연구 Vol.22 No.2
우리나라는 안정적인 해외시장 확보를 위해 한-칠레 FTA 협정 체결이후 적극적으로 FTA를 추진한 결과 2020년 1월 기준 55개국과 16건의 FTA 협정이 체결되어 발효중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 FTA 체결이 교역에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위해서 발효 중인 FTA를 아메리카(한-미, 한-칠레, 한-페루), 아시아(한-아세안, 한-중, 한-인도), 유럽(한-EU, 한-EFTA) 대륙으로 구분하여 대륙별 교역패턴 및 경제적 효과를 분석하였다. 분석대상 기간은 1996년에서 2018년까지이다. 분석결과 농산물 수출의 경우에 있어서 어느 지역에서나 FTA 협정이 농산물 수출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다고 말할 수 있으며 이는 일반재화의 수출에서 보다는 농산물 수출에서 높은 유의수준에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 이는 일반재화의 수출과 달리 농산물 수출은 먹거리와 관련된 수출이므로 단순한 재화로 보기보다는 문화가 체화된 수출로서 우리나라에 대한 인식과 심리적인 거리감 등이 농산물 수출에 영향을 미친 것으로 추정되고, FTA 협정의 발효로 인해 이에 대한 거리가 좁혀진 것으로 해석해 볼 수 있다. Industry-University cooperation for As a result of Korea s aggressive pursuit of FTAs since the Korea-Chile FTA was signed to secure stable overseas markets, 16 FTAs have been signed with 55 countries as of January 2020 and are in effect. In this study, the FTA currently in effect was divided into the Americas (Korea-US, Korea-Chile, Korea-Peru), Asia (Korea-ASEAN, Korea-China, Korea-India), and Europe (Korea-EU, Korea-EFTA) to analyze the effect of the FTA on trade. In addition, the trade patterns and economic effects of the conclusion of fta were analyzed. The analysis period is from 1996 to 2018. In the case of agricultural exports, the FTA agreement signed has been shown to have a positive impact on agricultural exports. It was also analyzed that the agricultural export sector was more affected than other export sectors. This analysis translates into exports of agricultural products that embody Korean culture rather than just goods. This can be interpreted as a positive effect in the export sector as the cultural gap between countries has narrowed due to the FTA agreement.
燒酒(소주)의 흥기 -몽골 시기 (1206-1368) "중국"에서 한반도에로 증류기술의 전파-
박현희 ( Hyunhee Park ) 중앙아시아학회 2016 中央아시아硏究 Vol.21 No.1
The paper re-examined the rise of soju at the end of the Koryo period, which marked a new era in Korean drinking history from the perspective of distillation-technology transfer in Eurasia during the Mongol period. While making use of the sources available to date, the relative lack of material forces us to rely on reasoning and inference to create the most comprehensive and convincing explanation possible. By comparing it with earlier traditional Korean alcoholic drinks, we have clearly seen how soju was distinctive and new. Yet sources do not clearly say when and how soju spread to and in Koryo at that time. That is why many different theories have competed for preeminence. The paper reviewed earlier theories including those by Chang Chihyon and Yi Songu, and also examined the most recent studies done in different languages and also new archeological findings. We can propose the following provisional conclusion from the current examination. First, distillation developed independently in China. Yet it was the Mongols who adopted distillation technology from other cultures such as China to make distilled alcohols using mare’s milk drink that they enjoyed, and named it arakhi, a foreign word from West Asia that migrated through overland and sea routes, and popularized it in large parts of Eurasia including China and Korea under the Mongol influence in the course of mobilizing goods and people including soldiers and merchants. Merchants from different societies active in the international trades that traveled along the expanded trade routes of the time probably accelerated the transfer processes. The case of Korea, where soju became popular right after the coming of the Mongols, is supported by a good number of documents and historical contexts. That some Mongol soldiers recruited to Korean army camps were possibly from craftsmen families who were able to introduce distillation technology suggests a quite likely scenario. While we cannot deny the possibility that soju was transferred earlier from China to Korea, no evidence supports this so far. Available pieces of evidence all clearly say that distilled alcohol spread widely only after it was transferred from China to Korea during the late Koryo period. The case of soju transfer clearly shows that a big cultural influence could occur through exceptional historical changes. Unlike some foreign alcoholic drinks, which transferred beyond their cultural zone as tribute and then spread very slowly among kings and nobles, soju spread quickly for a short period of time under unprecedented historical conditions, such as “Korea’s close connection to wider parts of Eurasia” through the Mongol empire. It is furthermore intriguing as it involves a transfer of technological knowledge. The story of soju’s rise in Korea is a good example of the rise of a new cultural element based on tradition and innovation, involving both adaptation and localization of new technologies. A further investigation as part of a larger study of the history of distillation on a worldwide basis will help us explore significance of the case of Korean soju in global history.
박현희 ( Hyunhee Park ),박해동 ( Hae Dong Park ),장재길 ( Jae-kil Jang ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the assessment of exposure to welding fume and heavy metals among construction welders. Methods: Activity-specific personal air samplings(n=206) were carried out at construction sites of three apartment, two office buildings, and two plant buildings using PVC(poly vinyl chloride) filters with personal air samplers. The concentration of fumes and heavy metals were evaluated for five different types of construction welding jobs: general building pipefitter, chemical plant pipefitter, boiler maker, ironworker, metal finishing welder. Results: The concentration of welding fumes was highest among general building pipefitters(4.753 mg/㎥) followed by ironworkers(3.765 mg/㎥), boilermakers(1.384 mg/㎥), metal finishing welders(0.783 mg/㎥), chemical pipefitters(0.710 mg/㎥). Among the different types of welding methods, the concentration of welding fumes was highest with the CO2 welding method(2.08 mg/m3) followed by SMAW(shield metal arc welding, 1.54 mg/m3) and TIG(tungsten inert gas, 0.70 mg/m3). Among the different types of workplace, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground work places(1.97 mg/m3)followed by outdoor(0.93 mg/m3) and indoor(wall opening as 0.87 mg/m3). Specifically comparing the workplaces of general building welders, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground workplaces(7.75 mg/m3) followed by indoor(wall opening as 2.15 mg/m3).Conclusions: It was found that construction welders experience a risk of expose to welding hazards at a level exceeding the exposure limits. In particular, for high-risk welding jobs such as general building pipefitters and ironworkers, underground welding work and CO2 welding operations require special occupational health management regarding the use of air supply and exhaust equipment and special safety and health education and fume mask are necessary. In addition, there is a need to establish construction work monitoring systems, health planning and management practices
아스팔트 도로포장 작업자의 아스팔트 흄 및 다환방향족탄화수소 노출수준 평가
박현희 ( Hyunhee Park ),황은송 ( Eunsong Hwang ),김성호 ( Sungho Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate asphalt fumes and PAHs exposure among asphalt road paving workers. Methods: Task-based personal air samplings(n=41) were carried out in 3 asphalt road paving construction sites using PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) filters for asphalt fume and XAD-2 with glass fiber filters for PAHs. The concentration of fumes and PAHs were showed by four different job(paver finisher operator, paving laborer(raker), macadam roller operator and tire roller operator). Results: The geometric mean(GM) concentration of asphalt fumes as benzene soluble aerosol was highest at paving laborers(42.32 ㎍/㎥), followed by in order, paver finisher operators(41.57 ㎍/㎥), macadam roller operators(31.9 ㎍/㎥), and tire roller operators(30.31 ㎍/㎥). The GM of total PAHs concentration was highest at paver finisher operators(37.5 ㎍/㎥), followed by in order, paving laborers(20.13 ㎍/㎥), tire roller operators(8.66 ㎍/㎥), and macadam roller operators(6.23 ㎍/㎥). The results of the evaluation of 16 compounds of PAHs showed that the concentrations of naphthalene, achenaphthylene, achenaphthene, pyrene, fluorene and benz (a) anthracene was higher than those of other PAHs compounds and as the carcinogenic substances, benzo(a)pyrene, and debenz(a,h) anthracene were detected. The benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) was 2.81 ㎍/㎥ at paver finisher operators, 2.07 ㎍/㎥ at paving laborers, 0.41 ㎍/㎥ at tire roller operators and 0.22 ㎍/㎥ at macadam roller operators. Asphalt road paving workers have higher benzo(a)pyrene equivalent(BaPeq) values even though at lower total PAHs concentration than workers in steel pipe coating and tar industry. Conclusions: Asphalt road paving workers were found to have risk of carcinogen exposure due to higher Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration(BaPeq) than other PAHs exposure occupations. This study confirmed the carcinogenic hazards among asphalt paving workers.