책, 그가 사랑했던, 그 속에서 숨고 싶은 - 책과 독서에 대한 짧은 이야기

박청호,Park, Cheong-Ho 대한출판문화협회 2001 출판저널 Vol.306 No.-

Czochralski법으로 성장된 RE : YAG(RE = Nd³⁺, Er³⁺) 단결정의 결함분석

박청호,주영준,김혜영,심장보,김철진,Park, Cheong Ho,Joo, Young Jun,Kim, Hye Young,Shim, Jang Bo,Kim, Cheol Jin 한국결정성장학회 2016 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

RE : YAG ($RE=Nd^{3+}$, $Er^{3+}$) single crystals are laser diodes and generally grown by Czochralski method with controlling the various growth parameter. Since the defects occurred by temperature gradient or the rotation speed of solid-liquid growth interface act as the decline of crystal optical property during the growth procedure, crystalline quality improvement via defects analysis is necessary. The etch pit density (EPD) analysis was used to confirm the surface defect of grown RE : YAG single crystal and to select the area of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Defects in the specimen produced by tripod polishing method such as buckling, rod shaped, bend contours by internal stress, segregation and others were observed by using 200 kV TEM and 300 kV FE-TEM. RE : YAG 단결정은 레이저 발진 소재로 다양한 성장 변수를 제어하면서 Czochralski법으로 성장된다. 성장과정 동안 고액계면의 온도구배 및 회전속도에 의해 발생하는 결함들은 결정의 광학적 특성 저하로 작용하기 때문에 결함 분석을 통한 결정 품질의 향상을 필요로 한다. 격자결함 밀도 분석(EPD)을 통하여 성장된 RE : YAG 단결정의 표면 결함 존재를 확인하였고, 이를 통해 투과전자현미경(TEM) 분석영역을 선택하였다. 선택한 영역의 시편은 트라이포드 연마 방법으로 제작하였고, 200 kV 투과전자현미경과 300 kV 전계 방사형 투과전자현미경(FE-TEM)을 사용하여 buckling, rod shaped, 내부응력에 의한 bend contours, 편석 등의 결함들을 관찰하였다.

장애인과 비장애인, 그리고 전문가 세부 유형에 대한 유니버설디자인 적용을 위한 공공공간의 우선순위 인식패턴 분석

박청호 ( Park¸ Cheong Ho ),성기창 ( Seong¸ Ki Chang ) 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2020 디자인융복합연구 Vol.19 No.6

본 연구는 “공공공간에서 유니버설디자인 적용의 우선순위에 대한 공간소비자와 생산자 간 인식분석”의 후속편으로, 장애인과 비장애인, 그리고 전문가 세부집단 간 유니버설디자인의 우선적 공공공간에 대한 인식패턴을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 유니버설디자인 조례분석을 통해 공공공간을 체계적으로 구조화한 앞선 연구의 결과물을 이용하며, FGI를 통해 장애인 6개 유형, 비장애인 8개 유형, 전문가 3개 유형으로 분류했다. 분산분석 결과, 선택적 활동보다 필수적 활동공간을 중심으로 한 공통적인 인식패턴을 보였다. 도로 부문은 충돌 위험성이 높은 차도영역과 장애물이 많은 상충부영역을 중심으로, 공원 부문은 거주 지역에서 가까운 공원영역과 광장영역을 중심으로, 건축물 부문은 공공업무시설·문화복지시설·여객 및 교통시설을 중심으로 한 인식패턴을 보였다. 차도영역의 인식패턴은 장애인보다 비장애인의 안전의식이 더 높음을 보여주며, 보도영역은 보행에 직·간접적인 시설을 중심으로 한 인식패턴을 보였다. 상충부영역과 공원 및 휴양 부문에서는 모든 공간을 중심으로 한 인식패턴을 보임에 따라 유니버설디자인의 보급이 미흡한 것으로 판단된다. 건축물영역은 목적 동선 중심의 인식패턴을 보였다. 하지만 모든 공간과 집단을 대상으로 명확한 인식패턴의 차이를 발견할 수는 없었으며, 신체적 특징과 관점에 따라 많은 차이점을 보이는 것으로 여겨진다. This study is a follow-up to the "Analysis of Perception Between Space Consumers and Producers on the Priority of Universal Design Application in Public Space," and aims to analyze the priority recognition pattern of public space for the application of universal design between disabled and non-disabled, and expert detailed types. To this end, the results of previous research that systematically structured public spaces through the analysis of Universal Design Ordinance were used, and through the Focus Group Interview process, six types of disabled, eight types of non-disabled and three types of experts were classified. As a result of the analysis of variance, there was a common perception pattern in which essential activity space was more important than selective activity space. The road sector showed a pattern of perception centered on roadway with high risk of collision and buffer field with many obstacles, the park sector showed a pattern of perception centered on the park and the plaza field near the residential area, and the building sector indicated a pattern of perception centered on public service facilities, cultural welfare facilities, passengers and transportation facilities. The recognition pattern in the road field shows that non-disabled people have a higher sense of safety than the disabled, while the footway field has a perception pattern centered on facilities directly and indirectly related to walking. It is assumed that the spread of universal design is insufficient as the buffer fields, parks and recreation sectors show a pattern of perception centered on all spaces and facilities. The building area showed a pattern of perception centered on the movement line of purpose. However, it was not possible to find a clear pattern of perception across all spaces and groups, and it is considered that there are many differences depending on physical characteristics and perspectives.

공공공간의 유니버설디자인 평가체계 개발 연구

박청호 ( Park Cheongho ) 한국의료복지건축학회(구 한국의료복지시설학회) 2021 의료·복지 건축 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation system using the weighted-values of various users and experts for the public space to apply Universal Design, and additionally to find out the commonalities and differences by comparing the importance of evaluation indicators between users and expert groups. Method: A one-sample t-test was conducted to verify that the components of the public space to universal design application are suitable as evaluation indicators, and AHP(analytic hierarchy process) was performed to derive weight-values for the evaluation system. Results: The importance-values for the total 23 facilities to be used as evaluation indicators were derived by multiplying the weighted-values of each sector, domain, and facility by the disabled, non-disabled, and experts. To summarize the results of overall importance-values derived from the AHP, The disabled showed high-rank weighted-values in facilities of building sector > park & recreation sector > cross domain and low-rank weighted-values for sidewalk and roadway domain. The non-disabled showed high-rank weighted-values in facilities of park & recreation sector > roadway domain > building sector > cross domain and low-rank weighted-values for sidewalk domain. Experts mainly showed high-rank weighted-values in the cross domain and in facilities related to entry and movement to the target space in all sectors and domains. However, it showed moderate importance-values in the sanitary space. The disabled who are restricted to movement have a high demand for universal design in buildings consisting of vertical moving line, and non-disabled people who are not limited to physical movement have a high demand for universal design in parks and recreation sector for increased leisure time. It means that experts are important to recognize the principles of making space because they value cross domain and the key spaces and facilities for suitable the purpose of use. In addition, it can be inferred that non-disabled people have a higher demand for safety than disabled people due to their high importance in roadway domain and facilities of safety and disaster prevention. Implications: The significance of this study is the establishment of a quantitative universal design evaluation system for public spaces considering the different perspectives of the disabled and the non-disabled.

공공공간에서 유니버설디자인 적용의 우선순위에 대한 공간소비자와 생산자 간 분석

박청호 ( Park Cheong Ho ),성기창 ( Seong Ki Chang ) 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2020 디자인융복합연구 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 유니버설디자인을 우선적으로 적용해야 하는 공공공간에 대해 공간소비자와 공간생산자 간 인식수준을 파악하는 것이다. 유니버설디자인 조례분석을 통해 공공공간을 3개 부문과 13개 영역, 그리고 23개 시설로 구조화했다. 집단별 우선순위에 대한 설문조사는 5점 리커트 척도를 이용해 진행했고 분산분석을 이용해 집단 간 우선순위를 파악하며, 공통점과 차이점을 유추했다. 공간소비자와 생산자는 대지 내공지영역과 공공업무시설, 공동주택, 건축물 진출입부, 자전거·보행자겸 용도로, 그리고 주차장·차량진출입부에서 차이를 보였다. 장애인과 비장애인, 그리고 전문가는 휴양영역과 대지 내 공지영역, 환경시설, 공동주택, 횡단보도 및 교차로, 보차혼용도로, 건축물 진출입부, 주차장·차량진출입부, 자전거·보행자겸용도로, 위생공간, 그리고 휴게 및 관람공간에서 차이를 보였다. 위의 결과는 장애인과 비장애인의 다양한 신체적 특징으로부터 기인했으며, 전문가도 그들에 대한 이해도가 높지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이에, 다양한 공간소비자의 의견을 수렴할 수 있는 과정과 행동패턴 분석에 대한 연구, 공공재에 대한 인식개선의 필요성을 제안한다. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of perception between space consumers and space producers in public spaces where universal design should be applied first. The public spaces designated by Universal Design Ordinances were classified into 3 big-categories, 13 medium-categories and 23 small-categories. The survey on priorities by groups was conducted using a 5-likert scale, and the analysis of variance was used to identify priorities among groups, and commonalities and differences were derived. Space consumers and producers showed differences in the public empty area in the site, public works facilities, apartment house, entry and exit of buildings, bicycle and pedestrian dual-purpose roads, and entry and exit of parking lots and vehicles. The disabled, non-disabled, and experts showed differences in the leisure area, the public empty area in the site, environmental facilities, apartment house, crosswalks and intersections, sidewalk and road, entry and exit of buildings, bicycle and pedestrian dual-purpose roads, entry and exit of parking lots and vehicles, bicycle and pedestrian roads, sanitary areas, and rest and viewing spaces. The above results resulted from various physical characteristics of the disabled and the non-disabled, and even experts could see that their understanding of them was not high. Thus, the process of collecting opinions from various consumers and analyzing Behavior Patterns, and the need to improve awareness of less recognizable public space.

성별에 따른 유니버설디자인 적용의 우선순위 인식 차이 연구

박청호 ( Park Cheongho ) 한국의료복지건축학회(구 한국의료복지시설학회) 2021 의료·복지 건축 Vol.27 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the difference in the priority level of recognition for universal design application in public spaces by gender. Method: ANOVA(analysis of variance) and post-hoc test were conducted to determine the priority level of recognition and pattern for the disabled, non-disabled, and experts classified into males and females. Results: There was no gender difference in the comparison by sector for all males and females. However, in comparing of domains and facilities, women showed a higher level of recognition than men in the building sector and cross domain. When comparing space consumers and producers by dividing them into male and female groups, women showed a higher level of recognition than men in producers, but there was no gender difference between consumers. In comparison by sector, domain and facility, women producers also showed a higher level of recognition in the road sector, park and recreation sector, sidewalk domain, four-spaces in the park and recreation sector, and six-spaces in the building sector than men producers. Also, in the building sector, women producers and consumers showed a higher recognition level than men. Comparing the disabled, non-disabled people and experts by dividing them into male and female groups, in the case of non-disabled people and experts, women showed a higher level of recognition than men, while men showed a higher level of recognition than women in the disabled. In addition, there were differences in recognition patterns in many spaces and facilities by gender. Implications: This study is meaningful in comparing the differences in the priority level of recognition and patterns between men and women to apply universal design for people of all ages and both sexes.

문화지원활동이 전통시장의 사회적 자본 형성 및 시장경쟁력에 미치는 영향

박청호(Park, Cheong-Ho),구자훈(Koo, Ja-Hoon) 한국도시설계학회 2014 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 공공의 주도로 진행된 문화지원활동이 전통시장의 사회적 자본 형성 및 시장의 경쟁력에 미치는 영향관계를 실증하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 원인적 요인으로서 문화지원활동은 인식전환활동, 저변확대활동, 역량강화활동으로 구성하고, 비교적 관점에서 상인의 일상적 활동은 일상적 교류활동, 경제적 교류활동, 친목활동, 자치활동으로 구성한다. 매개적 요인으로서 사회적 자본은 신뢰도, 참여도, 네트워크, 공동체 의식으로, 결과적 요인으로서 시장의 경쟁력은 상인의 삶의 질과 경제적 질로 구성된 영향관계 모형을 설정한다. 연구의 결과, 문화지원활동과 일상적 활동은 사회적 자본과 시장의 경쟁력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있지만, 전문가의 지원이 배제될수록 사회적 자본과 시장의 경쟁력에 부정적인 영향관계를 보이고 있어 공공에 의존하는 상인의 행태가 양산되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 사회적 자본이 삶의 질과 경제적 질에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있는 것으로 나타남에 따라, 상인들은 참여, 신뢰, 공동체 의식이 시장의 경쟁력을 높이는데 있어 중요한 요인임을 인지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 상인들 간의 관계 발전과 역량강화활동에 초점을 맞춘 시장 활성화 정책으로의 전환이 필요함을 제안한다. This study analyzes what kind of culture promotion activities(CPA) sponsored by public assistance influence social capital formation and market competitiveness on the traditional market. For this purpose, The causative factors derived from CPA are awareness transition activities(ATA), grassroots expansion activities(GEA), and empowerment activities(EA). In comparison to CPA, the causative factors derived from routine merchant activities(RMA) are routine interactions(RI), economic interactions(EI), fellowship activities(FA), and autonomous activities(AA). Factors of parameter derived from Theoretical study are reliability, participation, network, and sense of community. The influence relationship model designed to denote the market competitiveness as the resultant factors consists of Economic and quality of life aspects. The study showed that CPA and RMA had a positive impact on social capital formation and market competitiveness. But, the results revealed merchant behaviors became to depend on the public support when the expert support was decreased, because CPA and RMA had a negative impact on social capital formation and market competitiveness. Also, as social capital had a positive influence on quality of life and economic, merchants have recognized that it was important factor to participation, reliability and sense of community to boost the market competitiveness. These findings suggest that the policy of market revitalization need to develop the relationship among merchants and be focused on the empowerment activities.

유니버설디자인 기본원칙이 공공임대주택 거주자의 만족도와 지속적인 거주의사에 미치는 영향관계 분석 연구

박청호(Park, Cheong-Ho),우창윤(Woo, Chang-Youn) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.2

This study examines the basic principles of universal design and its impact on residential satisfaction and intention of continuous residence in public rental housing. Ten independent variables were measured to recognize and assess the applicability of universal design. The average value of the dependent variables pertaining to residential satisfaction and intention of continuous residence were found to be above the median. Among the independent variables, safety, convenience, body fit, and crime prevention were found to also be above the median. However, preference, ease of remodeling the site & unit, exchange & participation, residential diversity, and sense of community were shown to be below the median. Based on the multiple regression analysis, convenience, preference, sense of community, crime prevention, and body fit had a positive influence on residential satisfaction. Despite preference, exchange & participation, and convenience having had a positive influence on the intention of continuous residence, regarding ease of remodeling a unit a negative relationship was made evident. From the perspective of universal design, these results are presumed to be because of the above average physical environment supply, but the environment for exchange & participation and the possibility of personalizing each residential space was found to be inadequate. Effective implementation to redirect the supply policy of public rental housing is needed to focus more on the personalization of space and exchange & participation.

공공임대주택의 유니버설디자인 우선 적용공간 도출

박청호(Park, Cheong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.37 No.12

The purpose of this study was to derive a priority space to be apply universal design to public rental housing. To this end, 6-sites of 4-types that are still being supplied were selected. The space of the target site was classified into outdoor space, communication & welfare building, public space in apartment building, and unit, and each detailed spaces that constitutes them, and then surveyed experts, manager, and residents. An analysis result of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, It was found that the 3-outdoor public space in the site was more important than the unit. In outdoor space, entrance of site, sidewalk & roadway & square in site, and around the mall showed high importance. In communication & welfare building, exclusive domain was found to be more important than public domain. In public space of apartment building, experts and managers showed high importance of corridors on each floor, cross domain of corridor and porch on unit, and stairway for evacuation, but residents showed high importance in entry domain & public domain of ground level of apartment building, E/V halls on each floor, and stairway for evacuation. In unit, experts showed the highest importance in living rooms and rooms, managers on the porch and balcony, and residents in the kitchen. In addition, residents showed high importance for most of the space in the unit. These results are presumed to be due to the minimum construction standards, lack of flexibility in space, the structure of the narrow unit, subdivided space composition, and the area of the public space smaller than the number of households from limited public resources. Accordingly, it is suggested that the space and facilities for the community need to accessibility, convenience, and flexibility, and that the units need to expand their width and increase their supply area.

전통시장의 물리적 정비사업과 문화적 지원활동에 대한 활성화 영향요인 인식분석

박청호(Park, Cheong-Ho),구자훈(Koo, Ja-Hoon) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2013 國土計劃 Vol.48 No.2