의열단원 박재혁(朴載赫)의 생애와 부산경찰서 투탄(投彈)

박철규 ( Park Chul-kyu ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2019 항도부산 Vol.37 No.-

박재혁(朴載赫)은 1895년 5월 17일 범일동 183번지에서 독자로 태어났다. 15세되던 해에 아버지를 여의고 어머니, 여동생과 생활했다. 1911년 3월 22일 부산진사립육영학교를 졸업하고, 1915년 3월 22일 부산공립상업학교를 제4회로 졸업했다. 박재혁은 부산공립상업학교 재학 중에 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규 등과 함께 『동국역사』를 비밀리에 등사하여 배포했다. 3학년 때에는 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규, 오재영 등과 구세단(救世團)을 결성하고, 민족의식을 고취하는 단보를 발행하여 부산과 경상남도 일대에 배포했다. 박재혁은 1917년 6월 부산을 떠나 3년 이상 상해와 싱가포르 등지를 왕래하면서 인삼 등의 무역업에 종사했다. 동시에 동지들과 교류하면서 독립운동에 기여할 방법을 찾고 있었다. 그러던 중 3.1운동을 계기로 독립운동에 대한 신심을 다져 투신하기로 결심했다. 부산경찰서가 타격대상으로 지목된 것은 당시 의열단이 3.1운동 이후 기존의 독립운동노선에 방향전환을 선언하고 조직됐는데, 제1차 국내기관총공격 계획이 1920년 6월에 발각되어 실패하고 관련자 전원이 체포됐다. 이에 의열단에서는 빠른 시간 내에 성과를 거두어 이를 반전시켜야 할 필요성 요구됐기 때문이다. 또한 부산은 일본에서 조선으로 가는 관문이며 전형적인 식민도시로 개발됐으며, 제2의 오사카로 불렸기 때문에 상징성이 컸다. 거사 준비 과정에서 박재혁은 부산경찰서장 하시모토(橋本秀平)가 고서적을 좋아한다는 정보를 입수하고, 무역업을 하던 경험을 살려 중국 고서 상인으로 위장했다. 1920년 9월 14일 오후 2시 30분 경 부산경찰서에 들어가 공무가 있는 것처럼 가장하고, 하시모토 서장의 오른쪽 가까이 접근하자, 서장이 집무를 멈추고 그쪽으로 몸을 돌리려는 찰나, 자신이 의열단임을 밝히고 투탄했다. 당시 하시모토 서장은 경상을 입었다. 박재혁도 부상을 입어 탈출하지 못하고 현장에서 체포됐다. 박재혁은 부산지법의 1심부터 1921년 3월 31일 진행된 경성고법의 3심까지 일관되게 ‘살인미수죄’가 적용됐다. 박재혁은 부산지방법원에서 무기징역을 선고받았다. 그러나 검사의 공소로 대구복심법원에서 진행된 재판에서는 원심이 파기되고 박재혁은 사형을 선고받았다. 결국 박재혁은 1921년 3월 31일 3심인 경성 고등법원에서 사형이 확정됐다. 박재혁은 체포된 후 고문과 폭탄 투척 당시의 상처로 고통을 겪는 와중에 폐병까지 얻게 되었지만 기개는 꺾이지 않았다. 1921년 5월 11일 오전 11시 20분에 대구 감옥에서 사망했다. Jae-hyuk Park was born as the only son in 183 Beomil-dong on May 17, 1895. At the age of 15, his father passed away and he lived with his mother and sister. On March 22, 1911, he graduated from Busanjin Primary School, and on March 22, 1915, he was the fourth graduate of Busan Public Commercial School. While attending Busan Public Commercial School, Jae-hyuk Park secretly reproduced and distributed 『Dongguk History』 with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim and Hong-gyu Park. In his third grade, he formed Gusedan(救世團) with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim, Hong-gyu Park, and Jae-young Oh, and issued a noticed to promote national identity in Busan and the whole region of Gyeongsangnam-do Province. Jae-hyuk Park left Busan in June 1917 to Shanghai and Singapore for more than three years to work in the trade industry. At the same time, he was seeking ways to contribute to the independence movement while interacting with his companions. He then decided to devote himself to the independence movement after the March 1 Independence Movement. Busan Police Station was targeted as the attack after the March 1 Independence Movement when Euiyeoldan had been organized by declaring the change of direction to the existing independence movement, and it was when everyone involved was arrested upon failure of the first national full-scale attack plan in June 1920. As a result, Euiyeoldan needed to achieve results and reverse the situation in a short time. Busan was also a gateway from Japan to Joseon and was developed as the typical colonial city, and had its symbolism as it was called as the second Osaka. In preparation for the rebellion, Jae-hyuk Park obtained information that Hashimoto, the Busan police chief, liked ancient books and disguised himself as the Chinese ancient book dealer by taking advantage of his experience in trade business. At about 2:30p.m. on September 14, 1920, he entered the Busan Police Station pretending to be on duty, approached chief Hashimoto from the right side and threw a bomb after declaring himself as a member of Euiyeoldan when the chief turned his body towards him. At that time, chief Hashimoto was slightly injured. Jae-hyuk Park was arrested at the scene after failing to escape due to his injury. Jae-hyuk Park was consistently charged with 'attempted murder' from the first trial of the Busan District Court to the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court on March 31, 1921. Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Busan District Court. However, the appeal by the prosecution annulled the original decision at the trial at the Daegu High Court, and Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death. Eventually, Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death as his final judgment on March 31, 1921 after the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court. Jae-hyuk Park suffered from lung diseases due to tortures after arrest and injuries from the bomb, but his spirit was never thwarted. He died in Daegu prison at 11:20a.m. on May 11, 1921 before the execution.

배터리 용량측정을 위한 고해상도 Integrating Sigma-Delta ADC 설계

박철규,장기창,우선식,최중호,Park, Chul-Kyu,Jang, Ki-Chang,Woo, Sun-Sik,Choi, Joong-Ho 한국전기전자학회 2012 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

최근 모바일 기기의 수요의 증가와 더불어 다양한 멀티미디어 기능을 요구함에 따라 배터리 사용시간이 줄어들고 있다. 이에 따라 배터리 사용시간을 늘이기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 이러한 방법을 구현하기 위해서는 배터리 상태를 정확히 알아야 하며, 이를 위한 고해상도 아날로그-디지털 변환기를 필요로 하게 된다. 기존의 integrating sigma-delta ADC의 경우, 초기화-시간 변환시간을 해상도로 변환을 하지 않는 단점이 있다. 이런 단점으로 인해 bit수에 해당되는 모든 디지털 값을 표현 할 수 없게 된다. 위와 같은 단점을 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 올림/내림 계수기를 사용함으로써 초기화-시간 변환시간을 해상도로 변환을 하지 않고도 bit수에 해상되는 모든 디지털 값을 표현 가능하게 하였다. 이로 인해 기존 변환기의 시뮬레이션 결과에 비해 향상된 SDNR을 보여주었다. 또한 휴대용 배터리 관리 시스템에 적합하도록 저전력으로 설계를 진행 하였으며, 0.35-um 공정으로 제작이 이루어졌다. Recently, with mobile devices increasing, as a variety of multimedia functions are needed, battery life is decreased. Accordingly the methods for extending the battery life has been proposed. In order to implement these methods, we have to know exactly the status of the battery, so we need a high resolution analog to digital converter(ADC). In case of the existing integrating sigma-delta ADC, it have not convert reset-time conversion cycle to function of resolution. Because of this reason, all digital values corresponding to the all number of bits will not be able to be expressed. To compensated this drawback, this paper propose that all digital values corresponding to the number of bits can be expressed without having to convert reset-time additional conversion cycle to function of resolution by using a up-down counter. The proposed circuit achieves improved SNDR compared to conventional converters simulation result. Also, this was designed for low power suitable for battery management systems and fabricated in 0.35um process.

금형을 이용한 고출력 LED용 세라믹 서브마운트 성형

박철규(Chul Kyu Park),임성한(Sung Han Rhim) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.6

In the present investigation, a high precision thermal pressing system for micro ceramic products was developed and the net-shape manufacturing of multi-layer ceramic reflector for LED (Light Emitting Diode) was conducted with a precision metal die. Workpiece used in the present investigation were the multi-layer laminated ceramic sheets with pre-punched holes. The cavity with arbitrary angle was formed on the circular and rectangular holes of the ceramic sheets. During the imprinting process, the ambient temperature of the imprint system was kept over the transition temperature of the ceramic sheet and then rapidly cooled. The results in this paper show that the present method can be successfully applied to the fabrication of very small size hole array for ceramic reflector in a one step operation.

재발성 비소세포폐암에서 Pemetrexed 치료 효과와 Thymidylate Synthase 발현의 관계

박철규 ( Choel Kyu Park ),김규식 ( Kyu Sik Kim ),오인재 ( In Jae Oh ),최유덕 ( Yoo Duk Choi ),권용수 ( Yong Soo Kwon ),김유일 ( Yoo Il Kim ),임성철 ( Sung Chul Lim ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),( Manaljav Tseden Ish ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.3

Background: Pemetrexed, a multi-targeted antifolate has been used as a second line treatment against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to clarify the efficacy and survival according to line of treatment, histologic type, and expression of thymidylate synthase (TS). Methods: Ninety-eight patients were treated with pemetrexed as a second line treatment (n=43) or as an additional course of treatment (n=55). TS expression was studied with immunohistochemistry and graded as 0 to 3 based on the extent of expression. Results: The response rate (RR) in 98 subjects was 10.2% and the disease control rate (DCR=PR+SD) was 30.6%. RR and DCR were 12.7% and 32.7% in non-squamous cell carcinoma (NSQC) compared to 7.0% and 27.9% in squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) (p>.05). No significant differences in RR and DCR were observed between a second line group (4.7%, 20.9%) and a further line group (14.5%, 38.2%). A similar trend was observed in the 88 response evaluable subjects. TS was expressed in 28.6% (grade 1), 24.5% (grade 2) and 7.1% (grade 3), respectively, and it was not expressed in 39.8% of subjects. TS expression rate was significantly higher in the SQC (72.1%) compared to NSQC (50.9%, p=0.033). However, the efficacy of pemetrexed was not significantly different by the extent of TS expression. Conclusion: Pemetrexed showed efficacy, not only in a second-line setting, but also in further lines of treatment for NSCLC. The efficacy of pemetrexed tended to be higher in patients with NSQC compared to SQC. TS expression rate was significantly higher in SQC compared to NSQC.

總輸膽管 端端吻合 成功 1例 報告

朴哲圭(Chul Kyu Park),朴聖泰(Surg Tae Park),裵振善(Chin Sun Bae),金洙泰(Soo Tae Kim) 대한외과학회 1969 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.11 No.8

일제 강점기 부산지역의 사회사업

박철규(Park Chul-Kyu) 역사문화학회 2006 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.9 No.2

This study examines the history of social work and the status of social facility, and then classifies social work into poverty-preventing social work and cultivating social work. After the opening of a port, Japanese, residents in Busan, worked in various fields of activity such as engineering works, educational works, sanitation and medical care works, military' public peace' counter-anti Japanese activity, and so on. Relief and social works played a prominent part in Japanese social activities, even though they were conducted from the viewpoint of bestowing a favor. At that time, the kind and range of social work expanded from the work designed in early colonization to poverty-preventing social work and educational social work according to change in the current. After the First World War, economic change like skyrocketing of the commodity prices and housing shortage required work for stabilizing labor and groups under middle class. So, public welfare work put into operation such as a public employment agency, private affairs consultation, a pawnshop, a public market, a public housing, a laborer lodging, and so on. As 1930' s went on, radical variations on ideology needed educational works, which were the upsurging movement of national sentiment, self-rehabilitation, fostering movement of national power, direction on a teenager group, promoting movement of national athletics. The cost of social work was sometimes appropriated from national treasury, provincial expense, and donations but every kind of fund was usually raised from imperial grant and privy purse of Japanese monarch. Thus, the fact that the contents and stress point of social work varied as the times shows the change in the character of social work, and Japanese put forward 'poverty-prevention' ostensibly, however, we can know that as a matter of fact, they pursued 'cultivation'. Purpose of social work was not a 'poverty-prevention' rather a means to justify ruling Korea as a colony after all.

함안지역 3 1운동의 전개과정과 특징

박철규 ( Park Chul Kyu ) 부경역사연구소 2005 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.16

The 3 1 Movement(3 1운동) in HamAn(함안) was prepared from when people coming back from InSan(因山) informed the ManSae Movement in Seoul. The 3 1 Movement was the ManSae Movement of the accuracy in the plan of struggle and the continuity of strggle and the devotion and the participation of all people in HamAnKun. That is to say, starting from the ManSae Movement in ChilBook YunGae JangTeo(Marketplace) of March 9th, there were the 11th ManSae Movements in DaeSan PyungLim, Chilseo Eelyong, HamAnEup, Koonbook, ChilWon. They were continued for 34days and 12,000 people were participating in it. Particularly The MasSae Movement of ChilBook YunGae JangTeo in March 9th may be the first ManSae Movement in KyungNam. 3 1Movement in Northern HamAn was the peaceful Mansae Movement in the center of Christianity group. The other side 3 1Movement in Southern HamAn was the violent Mansae Movement leaded by YuLimCheung(儒林). But through the schooling and job of the main participants, most of them had stutied Chinese writing and had a profound knowledge of Chinese writing. Therefore, we can know that the leaders of The 3 1 Movement in HamAn was YuLimCheung(儒林). The 3 1 Movement in HamAn was leaded by YuLimCheung(儒林), people and Christianity group helped it. And The 3 1 Movement in HamAn was anti-Japanese of anti-imperialist struggle and anti-capitalism struggle.

부산지역 일본인 사회단체의 조직과 활동 - 1910년대를 중심으로 -

박철규(Park Chul-Kyu) 부산경남사학회 2005 역사와 경계 Vol.56 No.-

This thesis is the study of forming and acting of spontaneous organization and self-government of Japanese in Busan under the rule of Japanese Imperialism.<br/> First, Japanese who immigrated into Busan had usually lived in near Busan. It was unique that their jobs were usually administerators. And mostly their jobs were commerce and service. <br/> Second, 135 Japanese Social Groups were divided into infra groups·politic groups(14), interest groups·social intercourse groups(21), hobby groups·friendly groups(48), social work groups·charitable groups(12), enlightenment groups(16), the other culture groups.<br/> Third, analyzing 154 influential persons, they went through members of Settlement Corporation, members of The Chamber of Commerce, members of Busan Prosperity Association. Also, the hometown of the 22% of 154 persons was JanGi(長崎). Their jobs were mostly business, secondly officials. They exercised their influence over Buasn for a specified period, which was the same for social groups.<br/> Forth, Japanese Imperialism made positive use of infra-social groups for enlightening work. But it made use of the system of religious groups and motion pictures to achieve more effective enlightening work. Of course, religious groups approved the intention of Japanese Imperialism to protect and propagate the religion.<br/> After all, Japanese in Busan not only did hobby activities and promoted friendship, but also supported their interest through social groups. In the other hand, They helped to rule easily colony, coping with anti-Japanese of people of Busan.

소아 환자에서 조직확장기 사용의 유용성

이준우,박철규,박종림,김용규,Lee, Jun-Woo,Park, Chul-Gyoo,Park, Jong-Lim,Kim, Yong-Kyu 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.6

Purpose: Reconstruction of soft tissue defect using tissue expander can provide better flap which is more similar to surrounding tissue in color, skin texture and hair compared to other methods. Many pediatric patients need reconstruction of soft tissue defect because of giant congenital nevi, congenital or acquired malformations and burn scars. Reconstruction using tissue expander is adequate to minimize dysmorphism in these patients. We intended to assess outcomes of using tissue expander in pediatric patients by retrospective study. Methods: Total cases were 168 of pediatric patients who received soft tissue reconstruction using tissue expander by the same surgeon from February, 1982 to May, 2009. All patients who received soft tissue reconstruction were under 10 years old. Mean age was 4.3 years old, the youngest 13 months, the oldest 8 years. Eightynine cases were male and 79 cases were female. Most common cause was giant hairy nevi (67 cases, 39.9%), secondary cause was burn scar/scar contracture (61 cases, 36.3%). Trunk (38 cases, 22.6%) was most common anatomical location. Results: Soft tissue defects were successfully covered using tissue expander in 149 cases (88.7%) without major complications. There was infection on 8 cases (4.7%) and we treated by adequate antibiotics in these cases. There were tissue expander folding or valve displacement on 5 cases (3%). Conclusion: Usage of tissue expander is useful on pediatric patients because tissue expansion is rapid on children and there are less secondary contractures on operation site than full thickness skin graft. Because of psychological stress due to tissue expander, operation should be performed before school age.

첨단 유리 세라믹의 동적파괴인성 평가

노남수(Nam-Su Rho),박철규(Chul-Kyu Park),김덕회(Duck-Hoi Kim),김재훈(Jae-Hoon Kim),이영신(Young-Shin Lee),문순일(Soon-Il Moon) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5

The objectives of this study are to evaluate for the dynamic fracture toughness of advance glass ceramics for dome port cover of the ramjet engine. Static and dynamic fracture toughness tests are perfomed using strain gage method. To correlate between dynamic fracture toughness and static fracture toughness, correction factor is considered. And, dynamic fracture toughness is carried out in the variation of notch radii.