서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.

도시공원 바닥포장의 디자인 개선에 관한 연구

김신원(Shin Won Kim),박태석(Tae Seok Park),노희곤(Hee Gon Noh) 한국디자인문화학회 2009 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

도시가 발전하면서 사람들은 삶에 있어 정신적, 문화적 욕구의 충족에 더 많은 관심을 가지게 된다. 도시환경을 개선하고자 하는 요구는 과거에 비해 더욱 심화되었다. 조경 분야에서 외부 환경의 물리적 요소는 이러한 요구에 부응하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 외부 공간을 형성하는 주요한 골격은 토지, 식물, 정형적 요소 등이다. 도시생활에서 이용자가 향유하는 공간으로는 주로 자연이 우세한 자연적 공간, 인공적 요소가 가미된 자연적 공간, 인공성이 주가 되는 자연적 공간 등이 있다. 이러한 공간은 사람들이 자연과 접하며 휴식하고 만나고 담소를 나누는 장소가 된다. 외부 공간은 실용적인 기능뿐만이 아니라 시각적인 아름다움도 지녀야 한다. 최근 들어 조경디자인 분야에서 공간을 구성하는데 질 높은 다양한 재료들이 활용되고 있다. 그런데 도시공원을 보면 특히 바닥포장과 관련해서는 개선해야 할 부분이 많이 있다. 시대의 흐름 및 도시민의 요구에 부응하여 빠른 시일 내에 도시공원 바닥포장 디자인의 개선이 이루어져야 하고 재료 선정에 변화가 있어야 한다. 도시공원의 바닥포장은 이용자의 쾌적성, 안전성, 접근성 등에 영향을 준다. 도시공원 바닥포장의 디자인 개선에 관한 본 연구는 쾌적한 도시공원을 위해 필요로 하는 바닥포장의 조성에 대한 연구이다. 연구방법은 선유도, 서울숲, 월드컵공원의 현황을 조사하여 바닥포장과 관련된 문제의 요인과 유형을 분석하고, 문제를 해결하고 공간의 질을 높이기 위해 바닥포장 개선 방안을 연구하여 설계안을 제시하였다. 도시공원 바닥포장의 품질 개선을 도모하며, 향후 도시공원 바닥포장 디자인의 수준을 제고하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 자료를 제공하는 것에 본 연구의 의의와 목적이 있다. 연구를 수행하기 위하여 도시공원 바닥포장에 대해 현황 조사 및 분석이 이루어졌다. 또한 연구 결과를 토대로 하여 바람직한 바닥포장 재료 및 색채를 선정하고 적절한 바닥포장 디자인의 변경안을 제시하였다. 도시공원 바닥포장의 디자인 변경이 요구되는 현황을 조사하고 그 원인을 분석하여 개선안을 제시한 본 연구의 내용은 이용자가 만족할 수 있는 쾌적하고 아름다운 도시공간을 조성하는데 도움이 될 것이다. As cities continue to develop, people desire to fulfil their mental and cultural desires. So the demand for improving the city environment is more palatable than ever. The `outer-space` physical element in landscape architecture has its own role to play in satisfying this demand. The general frame of `outer-space` is mostly based on land, plants, and formative factors, regardless of size, fixedness, or location. The space for leisure use is divided into three parts. The first is `natural space` including mountains, rivers, and seas. The second is `natural space with added artificial elements` such as parks and terraced land on the rivers, which are created to protect the natural space from probable damage and to make full use of the space as rest areas. The third is `purposeful space` such as squares and parks with environmental and human facilities. They are the spaces made for the purposes of resting, recreation, and/or indicating the border of inside or outside of buildings. The ideal function of the elements of outer space is not only providing beauty, but also playing an important role in determining the atmosphere of limited space like parks. With the rapidly changing social norm, the design period tends to get shorter and shorter, and the recent trend is to use materials with high quality and diversity. However, the design of pavement in city parks has not been remodeled. Great improvements to facility maintenance, repair work, and plant preservation in parks have been made, but the issue of remodelling pavement has hardly been considered. Given that the type of pavement can give comfort or stress to the people visiting parks, it plays an important role in park design. This study is to design and create surface pavement for improving the outdoor spatial quality of city parks. The specific goals and objectives of this study are: to develop design criteria for creating user-responsive outdoor space, based upon the research findings drawn from site survey and analysis focusing on the surface pavement in city parks; and to make specific design recommendations, if there is room for improvement, for improving the outdoor spatial quality of city parks. This research study focused on surface pavement in 3 city parks (Seonyu Island, Seoul Forest, World Cup Park) such as overall image, arrangement of pavement, design and pattern, material, and color. With this background, and with survey and analysis, this study will suggest design changes to pavement in order to make the public space of the city park more satisfying and comfortable to its users. Findings obtained from this research study could be used in the designing of future projects in order to get a better understanding of the needs of users. The changes in order to meet users` needs and to improve the spatial quality of the city parks should be implemented.

동박과 접착력 향상을 위한 폴리이미드 합성 및 접착특성 평가

박재연(Jae Yun Park),박종현(Jong Hyun Park),박유민(Yu Min Park),박노균(No Kyun Park),김윤호(Yun Ho Kim),원종찬(Jong Chan Won) 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.5

차세대(5G) 디스플레이의 발전으로 인하여 데이터 전송량이 점차 증가하므로, 신호전송이 빠른 대역대인 고주파 대역을 사용한다. 신호전송을 위한 회로는 동박과 폴리이미드 필름으로 이뤄진 유연동박적층판(FCCL)이 사용되는데, 고주파는 표면으로 신호가 흐르므로 두 소재 사이의 계면 조도를 낮춰 경로를 최소화하여야 한다. 그러나 저조도 동박을 사용하면 동박과 폴리이미드 수지와의 접착 강도가 떨어지게 되므로 이러한 문제점을 보완해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동박과 접착력 향상을 위해 다양한 폴리이미드 구조를 설계하고, 아민계 실란 기능기를 도입한 폴리아믹산을 합성하였다. 다양한 구조의 폴리아믹산은 pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA), 3,3"4,4"-biphenyltetracarboxylicdianhydride(BPDA), 4,4"-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)와 m-tolidine(mTB), 2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1"-biphenyl]-4,4"-diamine(TFMB) 등의 조합으로 합성하여, 이를 동박에 코팅하고 이미드화하여 FCCL을 제조하였다. 접착력에 대한 특성은 다양한 폴리이미드 구조에 따른 박리 강도 시험과 분리된 계면에 대한 AFM, SEM, 접촉각 측정으로 상관관계를 비교 해석하여 확인하였다. Since the development in mobile display requires high data transmission speed, there is a growing need in the development of flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) for flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) that has a high signal propagation at high frequency range. The circuit for signal transmission uses FCCL which is composed of copper foil and polyimide film. The surface roughness of copper foil has to be low to reduce the pathway of signal because the current flows near the surface at high frequency range. However, such low roughness of the copper foil results in poor adhesion to polyimide, which is a problem that should be addressed. In this study, the poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) having various structures were synthesized and the silane functional group was introduced as end group to investigate the enhancement in the adhesion with the copper metal. Various polyimide structures were synthesized with the combinations of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4"-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (TEOS), 3,3",4,4"-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), m-tolidine (mTB) and 2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4,4"-diamine (TFDB). The synthesized PAAs were casted on the copper foil and were imidized for the fabrication of polyimide for FCCL. The adhesion strength between the polyimide and the copper foil was investigated by peel strength test and interfacial characteristics was investigated with AFM, SEM, FTIR and contact angle measurement.

일본 공원녹지계획의 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2007 녹지환경학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Japan`s earlier green zone system which has been based mainly on the Western planning theories has developed in two forms of parks system and greenbelts, but such a system failed due to high pressure and high costs regarding population development, administrative matters and lack of residents` understanding. Since the mid-1970s, Japan has been developing its own unique system by forming a consolidated structure of green zones. Characteristics emerging during such a developmental process, or characteristics of green zone planning which appear until formation of green zones, are short experience in connection with green zone planning, green zones having been arranged based on a ring-shaped green belts, the green zone system of urban districts having developed in closely connected with urban disaster prevention, special parks having been developed using landmarks and structure of green zones having been formed based on maintenance and preservation of green zones. An earlier plan, or a master plan for the green, appearing at the beginning of a formative period of green structure has characteristics that it promotes consolidation of parks and green zones and conformity with urban development and pursues systematic arrangement based on functions of green zones. However, many people have raised planning-related problems of how the results integrating functions of the green will form a system, as well as a practical problem of how to substantially securitize the green zones. To overcome these problems, basic plans for green zones which are now being promoted have prepared specific tools to implement the plans and pushed for conformity with related plans through rewriting and linking related laws. Considering above mentioned contents, history of Japan`s green zone planning development suggest three things. First, to promote green zone plans needs agreement and cooperation of residents. Second, we need special policies to realize them and to securitize the green. Third, clear ideologies and principles about green zone plans are necessary to successfully execute the plans.

『삼국유사』 <내물왕 김제상>과 그 파생 열부설화의 전승 의식 비교

박다원 ( Park Da-won ) 택민국학연구원 2017 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.20

일연은 『삼국유사』 <내물왕 김제상>을 통해 충과 열부에 대한 강한 의지를 표현했다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 그 파생 열부 설화는 사정이 좀 다르다. 박제상의 우국충절을 이야기 하기는 하지만 부인의 열부 행위에 더 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 이들 설화는 남편의 죽음을 인지한 부인이 스스로 목숨을 끊어 국가의 수호신이 되거나, 바위틈에 숨은 새가 되거나, 원한 맺힌 새가 된다. 바로 이점에 착안할 필요가 있다고 보인다. 『삼국유사』에는 박제상의 부인이 죽은 후 치술성모가 되었다고 기록하고 있다. 그에 반해 파생 열부 설화에서는 세 가지 경우로 나뉘어 나타난다. 즉, 『삼국유사』는 성스러운 결말만을 보여주고 있지만, 그 파생 열부 설화는 성스러운 결말과 비극적인 결말 등 다양한 모습으로 나타난다. 『삼국유사』 박제상 설화와 그 파생 열부 설화는 ‘신(神)이 된 열부형’과 ‘은을(隱乙)이 된 열부형’ 그리고 ‘원혼(寃魂)이 된 열부형’의 세 가지 유형을 가진다. 먼저 ‘신(神)이 된 열부형’은 『삼국유사』에 전하는 박제상 설화와 그 파생 열부 설화 1편이다. 이들 유형은 신화적 성격이 강하므로 현재에 이르러서는 현실성을 중요시하는 전승주체로 인해 그 전승력을 상실해가고 있다. ‘은을(隱乙)이 된 열부형’ 그리고 ‘원혼(寃魂)이 된 열부형’은 ‘치술령’, ‘은을암’의 전승물을 가졌으므로 여전히 그 전승력을 확보하고 있다. 열(烈)을 중시하던 과거에는 신화적 성격을 지닌 ‘신(神)이 된 열부형’이 전승력을 확보하였다면, 열(烈) 인식이 약화된 현재에는 전승물을 가진 전설적 성격의 ‘은을(隱乙)이 된 열부형’과 ‘원혼(寃魂)이 된 열부형’이 전승력을 확보하고 있다고 하겠다. 결국 『삼국유사』 속의 박제상 설화와 그 파생 열부설화는 전승주체의 ‘열(烈) 인식의 변화로 인해 전승력이 확보 혹은 상실해가고 있다고 하겠다. Ilyeon expressed his strong determination towards loyalty and virtuous women in "Naemulwang Kim Je-Sang" of Samgukyusa. Its derivative virtuous women tales are, however, in a different circumstance as they have a greater focus on the acts of Park Je-sang's wife than his patriotism and loyalty. These tales state that the wife, who learns the death of her husband, becomes the nation's guardian, a bird hiding in the crack of a rock, or a bird with a deep grudge after committing suicide. Attention should be paid to these differences. While Samgukyusa merely records that Park Je-sang's wife became the holy mother of statesmanship after death, the derivative virtuous women tales show different endings for her. In other words, Samgukyusa presents only the sacred ending, whereas the derivative tales tell diverse endings including the sacred and tragic ones. The Park Je-sang’s tale of Samgukyusa and its derivative virtuous woman tales can categorized three types of virtuous women: virtuous women that became a god, "those that became a hiding bird, and those that became a revengeful spirit. The first category can be found in Park Je-sang’s tale of Samgukyusa and one of its derivative virtuous women tales. Since this type has a strong mythical nature, it has been losing its transmission power due to the subjects of transmission that place importance on reality in modern times. The second and last categories have a "pass of statesmanship" and "rock of a hiding bird," respectively; thus, they are still enjoying their transmission power. The tales "virtuous women that became a god" with mythical nature secured their transmission power in the past when they placed importance on virtue, and the tales of "virtuous women that became a hiding bird" and "those that became a revengeful spirit" with an object of transmission and legendary nature secure their transmission power in modern times as the awareness of virtue has weakened. These findings indicate that Park Je-sang’s tale of Samgukyusa and its derivative virtuous women tales have either secured or lost transmission power due to the changing perceptions of "virtue" on the part of the transmission subjects.

전역경로계획을 위한 지형 분석맵 생성방법

박원익(Won-Ik Park),이호주(Ho-Joo Lee),김도종(Do-Jong Kim) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.4

원저 : 기관지내시경상 기관지점막 색소침착의 임상적 의의

박인원 ( In Won Park ),유철규 ( Chul Gyu Yoo ),권오정 ( O Jung Kwon ),김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ),한성구 ( Sung Koo Han ),심영수 ( Young Soo Shim ),김건열 ( Keun Youl Kim ),한용철 ( Yong Chol Han ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1991 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.38 No.3

기후변화 대응을 위한 대안적 방법으로서의 미국 환경소송에 대한 고찰

박시원(Park, Si-Won) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2013 江原法學 Vol.38 No.-

온실가스를 규제하는 연방정부 차원의 법제와 정책수단이 전무한 가운데 미국 주정부와 시민단체는 환경소송 절차를 활용하여 기후변화 정책의 방향을 바꾸는데 주된 역할을 하였다. Massachusetts v. EPA 판결에 따라 온실가스는 청정대기법 하 대기오염물질이며 미 연방 환경청(Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)은 온실가스를 규제할 권한을 갖게 되었다. 4년 후 미 대법원은 American Electronic Power Co. v. Connecticut 판결에서 온실가스 규제의 유일한 근거법은 청정대기법 임을 다시 한번 확인하였다. 미국의 환경소송은 기후변화 피해에 대한 문제점 인식을 제고하고, 기후변화 과학을 발전시키는 역할을 하였다. 동시에 소송을 통한 규제 제고는 어느 정도 한계를 가지고 있는데 미국 사법부는 기후변화와 관련하여 스스로 심사 가능 여부를 제한하려는 경향을 보이고 있다. 온실가스 규제관련 정책과정에 행정부, 입법부, 사법부, 시민사회 등 모든 사회 구성원의 적극적인 참여가 필요하고 이 과정에서 기후변화 문제를 심각하게 받아들이는 사회적 공감대 형성이 필요하다. 궁극적으로 정부의 기후변화 정책, 그리고 더 넓은 의미에서 환경 정책 의사결정과정에 적극적인 시민 참여를 독려하기 위해서는 보다 활발한 환경 소송이 허용되어야 하고 이를 위한 현행법의 변화가 필요할 것이다. The US states governments and environmental advocate groups have used litigation as a strategic tool to nudge the federal government to take actions in the issue area of climate change. The U.S. supreme court decision in Massachusetts v. EPA clarified that greenhouse gases are air pollutants under the Clean Air Act and the US Environment Protection Agency has the authority to regulate greenhouse gas. Four years after the Massachusetts v. EPA, the U.S. supreme court heard the climate related case again and reconfirmed that the Clean Air Act is the legal basis of climate regulations. Climate related litigations in the United States played a significant role in raising public awareness on negative impact of climate change and developing climate science. However, the impact of climate related litigation on climate policy have a limited role because the US courts have showed the trend in limiting the scope of judicial review in climate relate cases. In the policy making process in the field of greenhouse gas regulation, the active participation of all branches of government and civil society is pivotal. Through the active participation, the consensus on the seriousness of climate change can be made. Ultimately, vigorous exercise of environmental litigation will serve an important tool to promote participation of civil society in policy decision process of climate change in Korea as well. Therefore, appropriate legal and institutional changes will be needed for promoting environmental litigations.

원저 : Alpha Interferon 에 의한 임산부 및 신생아에서 NK 활성의 항진효과 ( Original Article : Augmentation of NK Activity of Pregnant women & Neonates in the Presence of Alpha Interferon )

박원일(Won Il Park),차성호(Sung Ho Cha),조병수(Byung Soo Cho),최용묵(Yong Mook Choi) 경희대학교 경희의료원 1985 慶熙醫學 Vol.1 No.1

무주의 재발견, 나제통문에서 양수발전소까지

박원호(Won-Ho Park) 한국콘크리트학회 2012 콘크리트학회지 Vol.24 No.5