Calcium Carbonate and Sodium Chloride for Preventing Dentin Hypersensitivity and Gum Diseases

박용덕,안효광,권하정,김찬호,채상균,김유진,김대경,김왕기,황경숙 대한예방치과학회 2014 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.10 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of dentifrice containing sodium alginate, fine calcium carbonate and sodium chloride which has effects of reducing dental hypersensitivity and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Human dentin specimens obtained from extracted molars were embedded with an acrylic resin and etched with citric acid. The Specimens were stored in phosphate buffered saline buffer before being brushed 1 minute only with test dentifrices. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In clinical tests, 41 Korean adults brushed with distributed dentifrice for three month the run-in period of two weeks. The improvements were compared between control and experimental groups using mixtures with sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride in different concentrations. Results: The efficacy of dentin occlusion of dentin tubules rises as Na-alginate and calcium carbonate contents increase. The occlusion efficacy in the experimental dentifrice is 5 times better than the control. Over three-month period, the test group showed 64.4% improvements based on the initial value and 86.5% improvements compared to the control group in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity (p<0.05). In the gingival index, the test group showed 38.1% improvements based on the initial value and 76.7% improvements compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ingredients of sodium alginate and calcium carbonate to reduce dentin hypersensitivity and sodium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride to prevent gingivitis were indeed effective in protecting sensitive gingival. No side effects were found throughout the whole body including the oral cavity of the subjects.

Padding과 Spring의 특성에 따라 제작된 맞춤형 매트리스에 대한 수면평가

박용덕,김다미,무랄리,홍승희,김성은,박형진,박세진 한국감성과학회 2016 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.-

γ-Aminobutyric Acid 및 그 관련물질이 뇌대사에 미치는 영향

박용덕 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대학교 의과대학 잡지 Vol.12 No.3

EFFECTS OF γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) ON INTRINSIC CHOLINERGIC ACTIONS IN EXOCRINE SECRETION OF ISOLATED, PERFUSED RAT PANCREAS

박용덕 한국실험동물학회 2012 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.8

Effect of Cadmium on Renal Organic Anion Transport In vitro

박용덕,최장규,박양생,Park, Yong-Duck,Choi, Jang-Kyu,Park, Yang-Saeng The Korean Physiological Society 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.1

가토 신피질 절편에서 p-aminohippurate (PAH) 이동에 대한 카드뮴 이온(Cd)의 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 조직절편과 용액내의 PAH 농도비(S/M PAH)는 용액내에 Cd이 0.1 mM이상 존재할 때에 현저히 감소되었다. PAH influx에 대한 동력학적 분석결과 Cd에 의하여 influx의 최대이동율(즉 $V_{max}$)은 심하게 감소되지만 운반체와 기질간의 친화력(즉 $K_{m}$)에는 변화가 없었으며, 수동적 influx 역시 변화되지 않았다. 신피질조직의 산소 소모율은 1 mM Cd에 의하여 35% 가량 억제되었으며, 신피질 microsome 분획의 Na-K-ATPase 활성도는 Cd 농도가 $10^{-7}M$ 이상일 때 의의있게 억제되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 신장조직이 카드뮴이온에 직접 노출될 경우 유기음이온의 능동적 이동능이 심하게 저해된다고 사료된다.

모바일 멀티캐스팅 지원을 위한 M-FHMIP에 대한 연구

박용덕,이우섭 한밭대학교 2009 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

MIPv6환경에서 끊김 없는 멀티캐스트 서비스를 지원하려면 빠른 핸드오버가 펼수적이다. 이러한 지연시간을 줄이는 방법으로는 핸드오버 전에 이동할 라우터에 등록을 하는 M-FMIP와 지역 내에서의 이동성을 관리하는 M-HMIP의 방법이 있다 본 논문에서는 M-FMIP와 M-HMIP의 장점을 합친 M-FHMIP를 제안하고 그에 따른 분석을 하고자 한다.

Productivity Growth and Competitiveness Strategies in Korean Energy Industry

박용덕 에너지경제연구원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.2003 No.12

WTO 에너지서비스 협상은 한국 에너지서비스 시장에 심대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되고 있다. 지난 40년간 에너지는 한국 경제발전에 중추적인 역할을 수행하였는데, 이는 경제개발 초기였던 까닭에 단순한 생산요소의 투자증대가 고성장의 달성을 가능하게 하였기 때문이다. 그러나 한국의 경제성장이 단순한 생산요소 투자증대만으로는 한계에 도달하는 단계로 접어듦에 따라 기술발전에 좌우되는 총생산요소생산성이 지속적인 경제성장에 중요한 역할을 담당하게 되었다. 이는 비록 노동생산성이나 자본생산성이 한국의 경제성장에 여전히 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으나, 기술발전이 보다 중요한 역할을 담당하는 새로운 경제성장이론에 의하면 총요소 생산성의 성장이 어느 정도 경제성장이 달성된 국가의 지속적인 경제성장에 보다 중요한 역할을 담당하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이러한 경제성장패턴의 변화에 근거하여 WTO 에너지서비스 협상 이후 한국의 에너지서비스부문의 경쟁력확보방안을 분석하는데 그 기본 목적을 두고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 기술발전이 경제성장에 얼마나 중요하며, 에너지서비스부문의 생산성 측정이 어떻게 이루어지는 가를 보여주고자 한다. 아울러 WTO 에너지서비스 협상이 현재 어떻게 진행되고 있으며, 그러한 협상이 완료되는 경우 한국의 전력과 가스산업 부문의 구조개편이 협상 이후의 한국경제에 얼마나 중요한 가를 설명하고 있다. 이후 본 연구는 생산성 측정의 방법론을 각 생산요소생산성을 중심으로 설명하고, 에너지서비스 시장의 국제 경쟁력강화를 위한 각종 전략을 에너지서비스 시장의 특성에 비추어 분석하여 WTO 협상타결 이후의 전략적 유용성을 제시하였다. 또한 본 연구의 추가 연구주제로서 에너지시장의 경쟁력강화 방안을 생산성을 기준으로 한 평가 작업을 위한 구체적인 분석주제를 제시하였다. Energy services are required at each step of the energy process from the location of the potential energy source to its distribution to the final consumer. A new set of energy services has emerged from the process of structural reform that is being carried out in the energy sector by both developed and developing countries. The breaking up of integrated energy systems, the introduction of competition and the privatization of previously state-owned enterprises, especially in the sector of natural gas and electricity, have led to the extermination of previously integrated services and the demand for new services to take advantage of the opportunities of a freer market for energy. WTO energy service negotiation is expected to have a huge influence on Korean energy service market. During last four decades, energy products have been the significant factors in Korean economic growth. In the early days of Korean economic development, more investment of production input such as labor, capital, and energy into the economy has been guaranteeing higher growth rate. However, the economic growth dependent solely on more input investment is creeping to the limit because the input - labor, capital, and energy - has intrinsically diminishing returns to scale. Then total factor productivity based on the technology development can display more important role in sustainable and continuous economic development. Even though labor and capital productivity are important in attaining higher output growth, total factor productivity growth becomes more important in continuous economic growth because the technology development has more dominant role in the new economic growth pattern. The main focus in this study is how to make Korean energy service sector more competitive even after WTO energy service negotiation. Thus this study shows how important technology development in economic growth and how to measure energy service sector productivity. After briefing on WTO energy service negotiation, this study proceeds to the topic about how important the restructuring of gas and electricity industries after WTO negotiation. Then it shows the methodology of measuring productivity with method for each partial factor productivity. Finally this study suggests the effective strategies for enhancing competitiveness in energy service market and display the benefit of those strategies. Also there are some suggestions for the empirical investigation in energy service sector and for the evaluation of each competitiveness strategy in terms of productivity.

회원작품 - 채연당(彩演堂)_고운 빛깔이 가회동을 넓게 비추다

박용덕,Park, Yong-Deok 대한건축사협회 2016 建築士 Vol.2016 No.8

인삼이 사혈성빈혈 회복 및 Erythrokinetics에 미치는 영향

박용덕,이인숙,김명선,Park, Yong-Duck,Lee, In-Sook,Kim, Myung-Sun 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

For centuries, ginseng has been used for the therapeutic purpose in oriental herb medicine. Several studies have been conducted in the past to evaluate the effect of ginseng on erythropoiesis. However the results were controversial. We therefore attempted in the present studies to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the erythropoietic activity. In one series of experiments, the recovery pattern of peripheral blood(red cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit and reticulocyte count) was studied in posthemorrhagic anemic rabbits. After animals were maintained with normal(control group) or 1 gm% ginseng (experimental group) diet for 2 weeks, hemorrhagic anemia was induced by withdrawing blood equivalent to 25% of the total blood volume and then changes in peripheral blood were followed for following 30 days. In other series of experiments, we studied effect of ginseng on erythrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$. $^{59}Fe(10{\sim}40\;{\mu}Ci/animal)$ was injected intravenously after animals were fed with normal (control group) or 1 gm% ginseng(experimental group) diet for 2 weeks. And radioactivities in the blood compartments were measured at appropriate intervals for 15 days. Front these various erythrokinetic parameters were estimated. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Reticulocyte count was higher in the experimental group than in the control group after 2 weeks of administration of experimental diet. During the posthemorrhagic period, the reticulocyte count increased in both the control and experimental groups, but the increase appeared much earlier in the experimental group. 2) The posthemorrhagic recoveries of hematocrit, hemoglobin content and red cell count appeared to be faster in the experimental group as compaired with the control group. 3) The half life$(T_{1/2})$ of $^{59}Fe$ in the plasma was significantly(P<0.05) shorter in the experimental group(82.6 min, N=8) than in the control group(121 min, N=6). Plasma iron turnover (PIT) of the experimental group (1.78 mg/dl/24 hr.) was approximately 4 times greater than that of the control group(0.45 mg/dl/24 hr.). 4) The maximum red cell utilization(RC-U) was 82.1% in the experimental group ana 74.5% in the control group. Red cell iron turnover(RIT) of the experimental group(1.62 mg/dl/24 hr.) was slightly higher than that of the control group(0.35 mg/dl/24 hr). 5) Erythron turnover was significantly(p<0.05) greater in the experimental group(1.27 mg/dl/24 hr.) than in the control group(0.24 mg/dl/24 hr.). Marrow transit time of the experimental group(2.05 days) tended to he faster than that of the control group(2.84 days). These results suggest that the gingseng improves the recovery of posthemorrhagic anemia and stimulates the erythropoiesis in rabbits.

Improving Effect on Oral Conditions with Dentifrice Combined by Extracts of Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate, Bamboo Salt and Quantitative Extracts of Centella Asiatica

박용덕,남동왕,성정민,황지민,김지현,이선경,안광식,유수민,조자원,문교태,이설훈,안재현 대한예방치과학회 2010 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.6 No.2

Objective: This experiment was contrived to find out the changed in oral condition index when standardized and regular use of the dentifrice is done according to the usage of dosage of the dentifrice. Methods: After inspecting the result of acceleration of collagen forming and suppressing effect of inflammatory reaction by using the titrated extracts of Centella asiatica and Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate with In-vitro experiment (done inside the lab), the remedying effect on oral cavity condition was to be obtained with dentifrice made with combined bamboo salt and those above through in-vivo experiment (clinical) worked with 90 healthy bodied examinees for over 6 months. Results: With the result of the experiment done at the lab, when the changes of improved index of oral cavity condition, MMP-1 formative inhibition analysis, and collagen analysis were obtained during the experiment periods, the titrated extract of Centella asiatica suppresses the damage of the tissue due to inflammatory response at the gingiva cell and after the inflammatory response, accelerated regeneration of the gingiva were clearly shown. Also, as with the result in clinical experiment, the effect was acceptable in reducing effect of dental plaque index and gingivitis index with dentifrice that only contains the titrated extract of Centella asiatica and also showed outstanding result in antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The most effective improvement especially shown on the oral conditions were dentifrice that contains Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, bamboo salt and titrated extracts of Centella asiatica.