장애인 인권지표 개발 연구 : 한국사회의 장애인 차별 실태에 근거하여

박옥순 중앙대학교 사회개발대학원 2002 국내석사

오늘날 한국 사회에서 ‘인권(Human Rights)’이라는 주제는 중요한 관심 영역으로 자리잡았다. 이는 인권 운동이 전문화되고 성장한 이유가 근본적이지만, 김대중 정부가 출범한 이후, 인권위원회법 제정과 국가인권위원회를 설치하며, 인권에 대한 국민의 관심이 고조된 것도 인권 문제가 부각되는 중요한 계기가 됐다. 그러나 상대적으로 ‘장애인 인권’은 크게 부각되지 못했다. 장애인 인권백서에따르면 우리 나라에서 장애인에 대한 차별이나 인권 침해에 대해 응답 장애인의 86.7%가 많이 발생하고 있다고 답변했다. 그리고 본인 스스로 차별이나 인권 침해를 느낀 경우는 96.2%로, 인권 침해의 심각성을 말해주고 있다. 지난 80년 대후반 ’88 장애인올림픽을 기점으로 시작된 장애 청년들의 ‘반 차별’운동과 장애관련 다양한 법 제도들을 입법화하는 과정에서 ‘장애인 인권’은 서서히 부각되었고, 국제적인 여러 노력들에 의해 장애인 인권에 관한 사회적 함의를 이끌기도 했다. 특히 1998년 12월, ‘장애인은 인간의 존엄과 가치를 가지며 행복을 추구할권리를 가진다’며 선언의 첫 장을 연「한국장애인인권헌장」이 채택, 선포되면서 한국 사회의 장애인 인권에 관한 버팀목이 마련됐다. 그러나 여전히 장애인 인권 문제는 수없이 드러나기도 하지만 아예 숨겨져 버려, 노출되지 않는 인권의 사각지대이다. 국제적인 노력과 더불어 적극적이고 공세적인 장애인 인권 운동은 있었지만, 장애인 인권에 관한 학문적 담론과 실천지향적 담론은 취약한 것이다. 장애인 인권 상황에 사회적 관심이 고조되고 있지만, 장애인 인권 실태를 체계적이고 실증적으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템이 부족하여, 장애인 인권 침해를 예방하거나, 장애인 인권 침해 문제를 해결할수 있는 정책적 또는 실제적인 대안 모색이 어렵다는 것이 가장 큰 문제인 것이다. 이 같은 문제의식으로 본 연구는 교육권, 노동권 등 장애를 갖고 있는 사람들이 안고 있는 모든 문제를 장애인 인권의 문제로 보고, 이 권리들이 침해당한 실제적인 사례, 즉 장애인 차별(discrimination)실태를 통해, 첫째는 ‘차별’의 관점에서 장애인 인권 침해의 실태를 분석하여 유형화하고 둘째는 장애인 차별 실태의 유형화와 여러 관련 문헌을 비교·분석하여 장애인의 인권상황을 체계적이고 실증적으로 모니터링하고 계측할 수 있는 장애인 인권지표의 개발을 시도한다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 각종의 인권 지표 개발을 위해 접근된 선행연구와 장애인 인권과 관련된 문헌을 분석하고, 실제로 나타난 장애인 인권 침해 사례를 분석하였으며, 장애인 인권 상황의 특성을 살려 귀납적 접근 방법을 활용하여 장애인 인권 지표 체계를 개발했다. 장애인 인권 지표 체계의 개발은 장애를 가진 사람들의 인권 실태를 정확하게 파악·측정할 수 있는 지표 개발의 사전단계로, 장애인의 인권과 관련된 지표 항목을 추출하여 구성하는 작업이 필요하다. 이를 위해 인권지표의 개념적 정의와 중요성을 살펴보고, 「한국의 아동인권지표」, 「청소년인권지표」개발에 관한 선행 연구와 아울러 「UN인권위원회의 장애인 인권보고서」와 「일본의 장애인차별금지법안」, 「미국의 장애인법」, 「홍콩의 장애인차별금지법」, 「장애인인권실태의 유형 조사」등의 문헌을 비교·분석하여, 지표 항목 구성을 위한 관심영역(대분류)과 세부관심 영역(중분류) 체계를 확정하였다. 또한 수집된 749건의 장애인 인권 침해 실태를 분석하였고, 앞서 개발된 대분류와 중분류 체계와 연관지어, 이를 소분류하여, 지표 항목을 개발하였다. 이의 신뢰성과 타당성 확보를 위해 2차례의 전문가 자문을 구해장애인 인권 지표 항목을 수정하여, 실제적으로 나타난 ‘차별 실태’에 근거한 대분류(14개), 중분류(37개), 그리고 총 89개의 지표 항목으로 ‘장애인 인권 지표체계’를 확정하였다. 본 연구의 가장 큰 의의를 꼽는다면 한국 사회에서 처음으로 장애인 인권 지표 체계를 개발했다는 점이다. 앞서 밝혔듯이 장애인 인권 침해 상황은 나날이 나빠지는데, 방지할 대책도 없고, 인권 침해가 가장 많이 나타나는 영역에 대한파악도 안되고 있으며, 장애인 인권 상황이 나아지는지 아니면 그대로인지, 아니면 더욱 악화일로 인지를 확인할 수 있는 방법도 없는 상태에서 이런 현실의 과제를 풀어갈 방안을 개발했다는 점에서 의의가 있는 것이다. 즉 장애인 인권 침해 상황을 모니터링 할 수 있는 인권 침해의 측정 도구를 개발하는 기초 연구로서, 그리고 특히 장애인 인권 침해, 즉 ‘차별 실태’에 근간을 둔 지표 체계로서큰 의미를 부여한다. 그리고 무엇보다는 장애인 인권 침해 즉 장애인 차별의 학문적 담론을 한 단계 올렸다는데 의의를 갖는다. 또한 각국의 장애인 차별금지법을 검토하는 과정에서 우리 사회의 장애인 차별 금지를 향한 길은 아직도 멀기만 하다는 사실을 확인하면서 낙담도 하지만, UN 인권 규약과 장애인 차별과 의 연관성을 기초로, 다양한 방향에서 진행된 장애인 인권 침해에 관한 문헌들을 한 줄기로 엮었다는 점에서 이론적 체계를 구축하는데 일조를 했다.

초등학교 과학과에서 정교화교수전략이 아동의 학습수준에 따라 학업성취 및 학습태도에 미치는 효과

박옥순 공주대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 Reigeluth(1983)의 '정교화 교수전략'을 초등학교 과학과 수업에 적용하여 학습자 특성 및 학습과제 유형에 따라 학업성취 및 학습태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 관련 문헌과 선행연구 결과를 토대로 하여 다음과 같이 연구문제와 가설을 설정하였다. [연구문제 1] 초등학교 과학과 수업에서 정교화 교수모형은 학습자의 학습수준 및 학습과제 유형에 따라 학업성취에 서로 다른 영향을 미치는가? <가설Ⅰ> 초등학교 과학과 수업에서 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 상위 학습자 집단에서는 상위학습과제의 학업성취에 의의있는 차이가 있을 것이다. <가설Ⅱ> 초등학교 과학과 수업에서 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 하위 학습자 집단에서는 하위학습과제의 학업성취에 의의있는 차이가 있을 것이다. [연구문제 2] 초등학교 과학과 수업에서 정교화 교수모형은 학습자의 학습수준에 따라 학습태도에 영향을 미치는가? <가설Ⅲ> 초등학교 과학과 수업에서 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 상·하위 집단의 학습태도 변화에 의의 있는 차이를 보일 것이다. 이러한 가설들을 검증하기 위하여 공주시 S초등학교 6학년 2개 학급 80명을 연구 대상으로 선정하였으며, 2개 학급 모두 정교화교수모형을 적용한 수업을 실시하였다. 각 학급은 사전 학업성취도 검사 결과에 따라 상위수준 학습자 20명과 하위수준 학습자 20명 등 모두 40명으로 구성하였다. 실험을 위한 학습 단원은 6학년 1학기 과학과 「7.전자석」이었으며, 실험기간은 6월 17일부터 6월 29일(7차시)이었다. 실험 처치는 2개 학급에 정교화 교수모형을 적용한 수업을 실시하였으며, 2개 반의 수업은 동일 교사가 수행하였다. 실험 처치 후에 학업성취와 학습태도에 대한 사후검사를 실시하여 학습수준 상위학습자와 학습수준 하위학습자의 상위학습과제 및 하위학습과제의 학업성업성취에 차이가 있는가, 학습수준 상·하위 집단의 학습태도의 변화에 차이가 있는가를 알아보기 위하여 SPSS/PC 프로그램을 이용하여 t 검증하였다. 가설의 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. <가설Ⅰ>은 긍정되었다(p<.05). 즉, 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 상위 학습자의 상위학습과제의 학업성취에 효과적이었다. 2. <가설Ⅱ>는 부정되었다(p>.05). 즉, 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 하위 학습자의 하위학습과제의 학업성취에 의의있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. <가설Ⅲ>은 긍정되었다(p<.05). 즉, 정교화 교수모형은 학습수준 상위학습자의 학습태도 향상에 효과적이었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정교화교수모형이 학습수준 상위 학습자의 상위학습과제의 학업성취와 학습태도의 향상에 효과적으로 나타나 수업의 역할이 종래의 지식과 기술의 전달자에서 학습촉진자로서의 역할로의 전환이 필요하고, 학습 내용의 계열화 방식이 분석적 계열화 수업설계에서 통합적 수업설계로의 전환이 요구되는 시점에서 새로운 수업설계분야의 한 분야임을 시사해 준다고 할 수 있다. 다만 정교화이론을 적용함에 있어 정교화이론의 모든 전략을 적용한 수업설계가 용이하지 않은 문제점이 있어 정교화이론의 부분적 전략의 타당성 및 적절성에 대한 꾸준한 연구가 필요하며, 정교화이론과 같은 거시적 교수설계에 있어서는 비교적 장기간에 걸친 연구가 필요하다는 점을 인식해야 한다. 따라서 후속연구에서는 장기적인 실험처치를 통한 학습 효과의 검증은 물론 다양한 교과 및 단원을 대상으로 하는 등 보다 다각적인 접근이 필요하다. This study aims at identifying the effects of the elaboration strategy on the academic achievement and learning attitude according to learning ability levels of children in elementary school science. For the purpose of this study, the problem and the hypotheses were established as followings: Problem 1 : In elementary school science, Is the elaboration strategy effective for the academic achievement according to both learner's learning ability levels and the types of learning tasks ? <Hypothesis Ⅰ> : For the high level students, there would be a significant difference in the academic achievement of high level learning task in elementary school science. <Hypothesis Ⅱ> : For the low level students, there would be a significant difference in the academic achievement of low level learning task in elementary school science. Problem 2 : In elementary school science, Is the elaboration strategies effective in positively changing the learning attitude according to learner's learning ability levels? <Hypothesis Ⅲ> : In elementary school science, the elaboration strategy will show a significant difference in the learner's learning attitude according to the levels of learning abilities. To test above hypotheses, learning content titled 「An electromagnet」 was selected from science textbook for the 6th grade elementary school students. As experimental groups, two groups of 6th grade students were selected from an elementary school located in Kongju city in Korea. The two groups were all treated with instructional methods applying elaboration strategy identically. Each group had the 20 high level learners and 20 low level learners in learning ability respectively according to the result of pre-test. The results of this study were as follows. 1) For the high level learners, there was a significant difference in the academic achievement of high level learning task(p<.05). That is to say, for the high level students, the elaboration strategies was effective in the academic achievement of the high level learning task. 2) For the low level learners, there was no significant difference in the academic achievement of the low level learning task(p>.05). That is to say, for the low level students, the elaboration strategies was not effective in the academic achievement of low level learning task. 3) For the learning attitude, there was a significant differences between the high level learners and the low level learners(p<.05). That is to say, the elaboration strategies was effective in positively changing the learning attitude of the high level learner's in elementary school science. On the basis of the results, the following conclusion could be made. In elementary school science, the elaboration theory is an effective instructional strategy for the academic achievement of high level learning task and the learning attitude of the high level learner's.

商業系 女高生의 職業觀과 進路指導에 관한 硏究

박옥순 朝鮮大學校 1991 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors needed in guiding students' view of occupation and course guidnace by examining commercial high school girl studennts. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. As motives to enter girls' commercial high school, the papers show that 61.8% of the students take bad grade, 17.6% good aptitude, and 11.4% good prospect of employment. In the questionaire about the necessity of occupation, 44.2% of the students want to take a job in order to form good character and 42.0% of them for making their living. These percentages tell us that their thoughts are not practical but ideal. The jobs they want to get after graduation are as follows: 33.2% of them want to be a company empolyee; 29% a public servant; 22% a bank clerk and 17% computer clerk. Among them, a company employee was the highest rate. The results about question how often students have consulted with parents about their course are as follows: Once of more(53.8%), frequently(22.6%), seldom(11.4%) and someday in fulture(9.3%>. In the questionaire about course consult with the teacher, 53.8% often had an experience of consulting with her teacher. Most of the commercial high school students want to have a job(57.1%) rather than to study in higher level schools(17.6%). 2. Conclusion Conclusion from analysis result are as follows. 1) Most or the students in the girls' commercial high school spend their school life in alienation, because their major entrance motive is due to poor grade. Therefore, it is very important for them to have comfidence in everything. 2) The jobs wanted by commercial high school girls are company employee, public servant and bank clerk. For that reason, course education has to start at the all the process of growth before elementary school and help them to establish their views on work much more clearly. 3) The major reasons about vocational selection were largely individual aptitude and concern or their parents. 4) Though They entered of girls' commercial high school, many students want to study in higher school when they have financial power after getting job. Therefore the curriculum of girls' commercial high school must contain the course for continuing the study in higher school. Since first purpose of girls' commercial high school is to make students have their job, this problem requires, adequate method of curriculum. 5) All teachers have to recognize the importance of vocational education. As a result, the students will be able to establish judgement of value and sound views on work and to make a very important decision in course.

現代 舞踊에 있어서의 基本形式에 관한 考察 : 특히 Mary Wigman의 藝術世界를 中心으로

박옥순 忠南大學校 敎育大學院 1986 국내석사

충북지역 노인복지관의 급식서비스품질 만족도 및 개선 요구도

박옥순 충북대학교 2024 국내석사

This study selected five surveyable locations among 21 senior welfare centers located in Chungcheongbuk-do and surveyed five nutritionists working at senior welfare centers and 152 senior citizens using senior citizens' restaurants from June 15 to 26, 2023. The operation status of senior welfare centers in North Chungcheong Province, health conditions and dietary conditions of senior citizens using senior citizens' restaurants, preference and satisfaction with the taste of the diet, demand for improving the quality of food service, importance and performance of the quality of food service, and the attributes that affect satisfaction of the quality of food service were identified and analyzed. Through this, it was intended to present basic data to improve the quality of food service satisfaction at senior citizens' restaurants in senior welfare centers and to improve the health and quality of life of the elderly, and the results of this study are as follows. First, looking at the general matters of the survey subjects, the regional type was 35.2% in the city area and 64.8% in the county area, and the gender was 48.6% for men and 51.4% for women. As for the age of the survey subjects, 34.5% of the respondents were over 80 years old, and 60.6% of the family members lived with their spouses. The usual health status of the survey subjects was 38.0% of the respondents, and 31.0% of the respondents said they were in good condition to chew food due to problems such as teeth and dentures, followed by 36.4% of high blood pressure, 18.8% of diabetes, and 8.6% of cardiovascular disease. Looking at the dietary status of the survey subjects, 83.8% of the respondents said they ate more than three times. The most common appetite status was 49.3% for "normal" and 49.3% for "yes" for whether they ate according to a set time. The number of times they drank water was 50.7%, and 40 people (28.2%) said they did not take nutritional supplements, respectively. Second, the importance of food service quality and menu was nutritional, it was highly important in common sense of various functions, but the performance of performance, but the performance was shown in common.Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a meal menu that can meet the elderly.In addition, the overall characteristics of elderly people using each elderly welfare center may vary.nutritional companies must endeavor to conduct satisfaction survey, preferences, preference survey, preferential treatment, or create a meal service service services you want to provide meals.Since the meal is directly directly connected to elderly health health, it should improve the quality of meals by providing various menus reflecting various menus reflected in the elderly people' opinions. Third, looking at the requirements for improving the quality of meal service of the diet provided by the senior citizens' restaurant in the senior welfare center of the survey subjects, the highest was 'necessary' at 47.2%, the highest was 'necessary' at 37.3%, and the highest was 'necessary' at 40.1% regarding the necessity of providing nutritional information. The highest was 'necessary' at 43.7% regarding the necessity of providing a customized diet for each disease, and the highest was 'necessary' at 37.3% regarding the necessity of additional meals other than lunch. The highest was 'necessary' at 38.0% regarding the necessity of providing lunch or side dishes, and 'necessary' at 45.8% regarding the necessity of special meals. The highest was 'necessary' at 39.4% regarding the necessity of smoking cessation during customized cooking for the disease, and 'necessary' at 45.1% regarding the necessity of cooking practice. As for the improvement, 'providing various foods' was 28.9%, 'nutriently balanced diet' was 19.7%, and 'improving the taste of food' was 18.3%. Fourth, looking at the importance and performance of the survey subjects on the characteristics of the quality of food service at the senior welfare center restaurant for the elderly, the number of vegetables provided in the menu area is appropriate, the temperature is appropriate, the preferred menu is reflected, the items of tableware and spoon cleanliness in the hygiene area, and the items of rapid processing of inconvenience in the service area were found to have significant differences (p&lt;0.05). It was evaluated that the performance score was higher than the importance in the items excluding the items reflecting the preferred menu. As a result of IPA on the food service quality attribute, 'Focus Here' had a nutritionally balanced attribute, and although the importance was high, the performance was low, intensive management and improvement are required to improve performance. Fifth, looking at the satisfaction level of the elderly welfare center senior citizens' restaurant of the survey subjects, the satisfaction level of 'economically helpful through school meals' was 4.15 points, the satisfaction level of 'helping health through school meals' was 4.13, and the satisfaction level of 'overall satisfaction' was the highest at 4.23 points. There was no significant difference in satisfaction between city and county regions according to the regional type. Looking at the satisfaction level between the male and female elderly, it was found that the satisfaction level of the female elderly was significantly higher in all items. Looking at the satisfaction level between the elderly living alone and the elderly living with the family, it was found that the satisfaction level of the elderly living alone was significantly higher in all items. Looking at the attributes of the quality of food service that affect the overall satisfaction of the elderly welfare center senior citizens' restaurant of the survey subjects, it was found that 'appropriate number of side dishes', 'providing iron ingredients', 'the appearance of food is clean', and 'meal operation time' had the most significant effect on the overall satisfaction (p&lt;0.01) and 'temperature is appropriate' (p&lt;0.05) attributes also had a significant effect. The meal service of the senior citizen's restaurant at the senior welfare center not only contributes to a healthy old age by providing balanced nutrition to the elderly, but also connects the support system of friends to the marginalized and lonely elderly. Therefore, by reflecting the characteristics and needs of the elderly, providing nutritional balanced and diverse menus of meal services, providing nutritional education, nutritional counseling, nutritional information, and checking whether the needs or needs of the elderly are met through continuous monitoring, the satisfaction and enjoyment of the elderly's life can be further improved.

교원 복지 의식에 관한 분석적 연구

박옥순 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 1992 국내석사

〈고공가〉와 〈고공답주인가〉 대비연구

박옥순 안동대학교 교육대학원 2007 국내석사

韓國 龍뉴 彫刻의 考察

박옥순 이화여자대학교 대학원 1983 국내석사

영어 원어민 보조교사의 학교 적응전략에 관한 질적 사례 연구

박옥순 경희대학교 2011 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of the Adjustment in Korean School Life of the English Assistant Teacher. The object of this study was the English Assistant Teacher(EAT) in a middle school, and the research data have been collected and analyzed based on direct observations, in-depth interviews, and documents according to the qualitative research tradition from March 2010 to September 2010. Three main characteristics to adjust to the class were discovered through the study: 'Making and using teaching materials in person', 'Showing with gestures in class', and finally 'Following cooperative teachers'. The first characteristic is that EAT makes and use her own teaching materials in class for the easier and more interesting class. The second characteristic is that EAT uses many kinds of gestures during class because she knows the explanation with them is much easier and more interesting for the students. The last characteristic is to accept cooperative teachers' requests without arguments. Three main characteristics to adjust to the school life were discovered through the study: 'Avoiding the disagreement on purpose', 'Borrowing others' help', 'Staying alone'. 'Avoiding the disagreement on purpose' is to pretend not to know about the circumstances that are taking place inside the school. 'Borrowing others' help' is to solve the problem more easily by using cooperative teachers or students. 'Staying alone' is to live alone in English Only Room, her own office, and search the internet website to find good teaching materials or communicate with the students who visit there. According to this study, the results were as follows: Firstly, EAT considers Korean school as a place to make their dream come true. It shows that they try to develop a better teaching strategy and apply to the classes. Secondly, EAT is very satisfied with the classroom environment. But they depends on their cooperative teachers too much to control the students during the class. Therefore, it is necessary to have the workshop in order to develop their teaching, classroom control skills before they take the real class in front of the students. Thirdly, the result of this study shows that Korean-American or Korean-Australian are swamped with heavier workload than non-Korean background native speakers. To solve this kind of problem, cooperative teachers have to share a lot of information with EAT through the workshop. Finally, EAT gets close to the cooperative teachers but don't have any opportunities to talk with other teachers, including principal and vice principal. In addition it is very difficult to share the information about the achievement of the student with students and parents. Therefore, it is necessary for EATs to communicate with them more easily through school homepage, or if EATs can give English conversation class for the parents, it would be also a good way to communicate with parents. 본 연구는 영어 원어민 보조교사의 학교 적응 전략을 밝혀내고자 하는 질적 사례 연구이다. 연구방법으로는 중학교에 근무하는 영어 원어민 보조교사를 대상으로 2010년 3월부터 2010년 9월까지의 연구 기간 동안 참여관찰, 심층면담, 문헌자료 분석의 방법을 통해 자료를 수집하고 그 내용을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 드러난 원어민 교사의 수업에서의 적응전략의 특징은 ‘자료 만들어 활용하기’, ‘몸으로 보여주기’, ‘협력교사에게 맞춰가기’이다. 첫 번째 특징은 영어 원어민 보조교사는 수업을 더 쉽고 재미있게 하기 위해 자료를 직접 만들어 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 특징은 영어 원어민 보조교사는 몸으로 보여주기를 통해서 수업이 좀 더 쉽고 흥미로워지도록 하여 학생들의 관심을 끄는 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째 특징으로는 영어 원어민 보조교사는 협력교사의 요구가 다소 불합리한 부분이 있더라도 불평 없이 받아들여 갈등을 최소화하면서 수업에 적응하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 드러난 원어민 교사의 학교생활에서의 적응전략의 특징은 ‘갈등 회피하기’, ‘남의 힘 빌리기’, ‘혼자서 지내기’이다. ‘갈등 회피하기’는 학교 내에서 일어나는 일에 대해 알아도 모르는 척하며 얽히지 않으려고 애쓰는 모습이며, ‘남의 힘 빌리기’는 협력교사나 학생들을 활용함으로써 보다 더 쉽게 문제를 해결하고자 하는 모습이다. 마지막으로 ‘혼자서 지내기’는 영어전용실에 혼자 지내면서 교재연구를 열심히 하여 좋은 수업을 보여주기 위해 노력하거나 찾아오는 학생들에게 영어로 대화할 기회를 제공하는 등 학교에서 꼭 필요한 사람이 되어 입지를 강화하여 학교생활에 적응하고자 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구를 통해 영어 원어민 보조교사의 학교 적응 전략의 특징과 의의를 다음과 같이 도출하였다. 첫째, 영어 원어민 보조교사는 한국 학교를 자신의 꿈을 실현하는 장소로 여기면서 더 나은 교수학습 자료를 개발하여 수업에 적용하고자 노력하는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 영어 원어민 보조교사는 교실환경에 매우 만족하고 있긴 하지만 수업 중 학생 면에 있어서는 협력교사에게 지나치게 의존하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 영어 원어민 보조교사가 실제 수업에 투입되기 전에 연수를 통해서 교수 학습 기술을 강화할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 영어 원어민 보조교사가 한국 교포인 경우에는 순수 원어민 보다 더 많은 업무에 시달린다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 원어민을 담당하는 교사와 원어민 영어보조교사가 함께 서로 정보를 공유하고 고충을 나눌 수 있는 포럼을 개최해 볼 만하다. 넷째, 몇몇의 원어민들은 그들을 담당하고 있는 교사와는 소소한 이야기를 나눌 정도로 각별한 친분 관계를 유지하고 있는 것에 비해 대부분의 원어민들은 교장 교감 선생님을 포함한 일반 교사와는 거의 대화를 나누고 있지 않다. 자연히 영어 원어민 보조교사는 협력교사와의 갈등이 생겨도 그 대응에 한계가 있어 담당교사에게 간접적으로 해결을 부탁하거나 덮어두는 경향이 있다. 또한 학생들의 성적이나 영어 말하기 능력에 관해서 학부모와 대화할 기회가 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 좀 더 성공적이고 효과적인 영어 교육을 위해 학부모들과의 자연스러운 접근이 가능하도록 학교 홈페이지에 원어민에게 묻고 대답하기 게시판을 만들어 놓는 것도 좋은 방법이 될 것이다.

우리나라 地方自治團體의 會計情報公示制度에 관한 硏究

박옥순 明知大學校 大學院 1992 국내박사

This study attempts (1) to evaluate existing accounting and reporting practices of the Korean local governments, and (2) to make recommendations for an improved Governmental accounting and reporting system in Korea. Primary characteristics of the current governmental accounting and reporting practices in Korea are: 1. The law-oriented book-keeping and reporting system, which does not utilize accounting concepts or principles. 2. The lack of generally accepted governmental accounting standards or principles. 3. The exclusive emphasis on the legal and budgetary compliance and lack of information on the financial condition of the entity and service cost. 4. The single-entry book-keeping method along with the cash basis of accounting for the general account (the general fund). 5. Limited excess to, and distribution of, financial reports. 6. The lack of generally accepted governmental auditing standards and procedures, and limited availability of audit reports. A new environment requires a change in the traditional governmental accounting and reporting in Korea. The new environment includes the recent full-scale implementation of the Local Government Law, democratization of political process, rising government outlays, and diversified local governments' activities and services. The first phase of this study consists of examining selected studies and literature to identify the users of governmental financial reports and their information needs in general. This phase also includes a comparative study of governmental reporting practices in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Korea. The second phase consists of face-to-face interviews, mail-questionaires, analyzing and summarizing the survey results. The last phase consists of making recommendations for an improved accounting, reporting system based on the comparative and literature studies and survey results. Interviews were made with, and questionaires were mailed to members of local legislative and oversight bodies, officials of local governments, bankers, public accountants, accounting educators and researchers, news media, and voters. The respondents were asked to evaluate current reporting practices regarding (1) the availability of the accounting information, (2) the adequacy of the information, (3) the information on the financial position, (4) the valuation methods of assets and liabilities, (5) manegeral performance, (6) cost data and (7) governmental audits. These interviews and mail survey indicates that 1. Members of local legislative and oversight bodies and governmental officials use the accounting information more often than other groups. About one-third of the respondents have not used the government accounting reports. Approximately three-fourths of the nonusers did not need the information while almost one-fourth did not know where and how to get the reports. 2. A slight majority of the respondents were satisfied with the current reporting practices and most of the respondents requested that the accounting information of the governmental units be made available, but 57 percent of them preferred that the information be provided on a selected basis. 3. Over 85 percent of the respondents would like to have some information on assets and liabilities of the governmental units, and more than 80 percent of them preferred current value as a valuation basis. 4. Almost 90 percent of the respondents asked for the information helpful to evaluate the managerial and organizational performance. 5. Over 84 percent of the respondents expressed that the cost information of the services rendered should be provided when practicable. 6. 92 percent of the respondents requested that the audit results of the governmental, units be disclosed, but 64 percent of them preferred it to be on a selected basis. 7. 73 percent of the respondents would suggest that the publication and availability of the governmental financial reports be made into law or incorporated into an enforceable accounting standards. Based on the results of the empirical survey, the comparative study of accounting and reporting practices of the more developed countries and the examination of accounting literature concerning governmental financial reporting, the following recommendations are suggested 1. Accounting concepts and principles should be introduced into the governmental accounting in Korea, and generally accepted governmental accounting principles or standards should be established based on those accounting concepts. 2. A fund accounting well-harmonized with the budget system should be adopted. This new system would require a double-entry method of book-keeping to properly record assets, liabilities, revenues, expenditures and expenses and to facilitate the preparation for balance sheets and cost data. The double-entry book-keeping would also assure an integrated complete and accurate sets of accounts. 3. The financial reporting should be designed to help evaluate the managerial and organizational performance to assist in the medium and long-term planning. 4. To improve the governmental auditing system in Korea, generally accepted governmental auditing standards should be established. The governmental audits should include performance audits designed to assess the economy and efficiency of an entity's operations and the effectiveness of the programs it offers. 5. The financial reports together with their audit reports should be published and made readily available to those who need them. To facilitate the implementation of the recommendations, the following steps are suggested to be taken 1. To prepare a set of prototypes financial statements using currently available data based on the recommendations made above. 2. To experiment those financial statements for a certain limited period of time to assume their applicability, usefulness, and practicability. 3. To form a committee to evaluate the current governmental accounting practices and make recommendations for an improved accounting system. 4. To implement the suggestions made above, it would be necessary to broaden and intensify the accounting education both in school and in accounting professionals.