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박승범(PARK Seung-bum) 고구려발해학회 2007 고구려발해연구 Vol.29 No.-
One of the reasons that scholars from the People's Republic of China argued that the history of Koguryo belongs to Chinese history is Koguryo people's whereabouts after its collapse. First of all, their argument is based on the fact that remaining people of Koguryo were absorbed into tile population of Tang, Silla, Tujue, and Balhae. According to their study, the number of Koguryo people who moved into Tang was 300,000,100,000 to Silla, less than 10,000 to Tujue, and finally 200,000 to Balhae. Secondly, when Koguryo was destroyed, the number of households was about 697,000. Among them, there were diverse groups of minority people including Han Chinese. Thus, actual Koguryo households were less than 150,000, or 750,000 people. Thirdly, Koguryo people who moved to Tang territory was treated like Han Chinese, receiving a high official statue under Tang dynasty. Finally, they dispute that Koguryo people who remained in Koguryo territory disappeared within several decades after the destroy of Koguryo. In this paper, I explored several reasons why the arguments of Chinese scholarships from the People's Republic of China cannot be supported. Firstly, the number of Koguryo people who were taken to Tang can be assumed 300,000 at largest. But, a large number of them moved to their original settlementafter all. And, 697,000 households of Koguryo at the time of the destroy were mostly Koguryo people. This is proved by Lelang written wooden slips recently discovered in North Korea. The written records divide a large number of Koguryo households into a small number of Han Chinese and aborigines. Third counterargument is that it is certain that some Koguryo people and their descendents who remained in Tang became high officials under Tang. However, they were treated as people from the ruined country, and except for some high officials, some were degraded to a slavery statue. Fourth reason is that Koguryo people who continued to live in Koguryo territory did not disappear at all. Instead, most remaining Koguryo people were able to be united again by the establishment of Balhae.
박승범(Park, Seung-bum) 신라사학회 2015 新羅史學報 Vol.0 No.33
신라 四瀆은 신라의 멸망 후 祀典으로서 그 지위가 계승되지 못하고 제장이 혁파되거나 지금은 그 소재지를 정확히 파악하기 어려울 정도로 기억에서 사라졌다. 하지만 문헌과 고고학자료를 통해 다음과 같이 추정할 수 있다. 동독 토지하는 지금의 포항시 흥해군의 곡강으로, 남독 황산하는 지금의 낙동강 하류로 지금의 부산시 북구 화명동 용당마을로, 서독 웅천하는 연기현으로 지금의 세종시 연기면으로 추정된다. 북독은 조선시대 양진당으로서 지금의 서울 광진구 광장동 한강호텔이 위치한 곳으로 생각된다. 신라 사독의 제장 위치는 그 역사적 환경에서 성립 과정을 확인하였다. 토지하와 황산하의 경우 각기 동해안 지역과 가야 지역으로의 진출 및 그 해상권 장악과 밀접한 연관성을 갖는 것으로 이해된다. 서독 웅천하의 경우 당시 웅천하의 시작점이 연기현(백제 두잉지현)이라는 점과 신라와 백제가 마지막 순간까지 각축을 벌였던 전략적 요충지이기도 하였다. 북독 한산하는 앞의 다른 사독제장이 갖고 있는 모든 의미를 포괄한다는 점에서 특징이 있다. 이들 사독이 갖는 중요한 역사적 의미는 통일신라중심의 천하관을 반영한다는 점이다. 원신라지역을 아우르는 瀆祭로서 토지하와, 가야지역의 황산하, 옛 백제지역의 웅천하, 옛 고구려 지역의 한산하는 천하의 명산대천을 대상으로 하는 천자국의 祀典체제 바로 그것이기 때문이다. After the fall of Silla, The Four great rivers in Silla were not admitted into the sacrificial canon, its sites were removed and gone from people’s memory. But We can estimate through literature and archeological evidence as follows : Eastern great river was sited in as of now Pohang Gokgang, Southern great river in Yongdang village of Whamyon-dong, Busan. And Western great river in Yoengimyen Sejongcity, Northern great river in Hangang Hotel Seoul. Eastern great river and Southern great river were closely related with maritime power of the east and south sea. Yoengimyen, where Western great river was sited, was a strategic point Silla and Baekje competed untill the last moment. Northern great river was sited where these factors were contained. The historical significance of the four great rivers reflect the world view of unified Silla.