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박승범(Park Seung-bum) 한국고대학회 2003 先史와 古代 Vol.19 No.-
This thesis attempted to construct the ritual systems of Baekje(百濟) in the age of Hansung(漢城). Basing on the system of rites in Silla(新羅), We composed the system of rites and its contents. Even so, it doesn't mean the rites of Baekje had a identical fonnation with Silla's. it is mearly a question of its gradation. In the age of Hansung, Baekje had 3-4 degrees of rites. The rites of highest(大祀) is consisted of the god of the heaven and the god of the earth, the contribution originator-Dongmyong(東明), which, if these were not in the rites of highest, maybe were in the rites of special (特祀) or of Extra(別祀) degree. By the way, probably, Baekje thought all the more of the former. The rites of middle(中祀) and low(小祀) degrees, divided into two according to the importance, are consisted of mountains and rivers. In the middle degrees, or the highest degree, Three Mount(三山), namely Bua-ak(負兒岳)·Hoyng-ak(橫岳)·Soongsan(崇山) were a stage of the birth myth of Kingdom, so regarded as divine scene, and a strategic point. Besides Three Mount, the other mountains and some spotes, as hunting and military sites, were into the rule book of rites(祀典). Extending territory, Baekje probably organized and adjusted these ritual sites according to changes of their importance. And such organizing rites guaranteed her rightfullness of domination over conqerded territory. But it is important that how the ritual system was operated. Considering that Chungmak-dong(竹幕洞) ritual site gives informations, it convinces us the state brings under its control all ritual sites into the rule book of rites and some ritual sites might have been symbols of an ideal governance of incomplete conquest region.
朴承範(PARK Seung-bum) 고구려발해학회 2005 고구려발해연구 Vol.19 No.-
The investigation, excavation on Koguryo mausoleums carried out over past years, confirmed Koguryo mausoleums had altar. This study made a try of the altar. In result, we have concluded that all 'altars' investigated or excavated are not altars. But we are sure the altar was belong to mausoleums zone, too. Especially, it is clearly the altar is associated with function of memorial rite for the tomb(墓祭). From this point of view, we have gave attention to altar's azimuth. It is oriented to east-north, where is get connected Gyeruboo(?婁部) Koguryo royal's native place. To conclusion, the altar was the space memorial ceremony, sending back the preceding king to his ancestor's native place, was held.