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장기간의 Cyclosporine 유지 요법으로 신기능을 유지 중인 FSGS 2예
권순길 ( Kwon Sun Gil ),김상현 ( Kim Sang Hyeon ),김수희 ( Kim Su Hui ),박은주 ( Park Eun Ju ),이은경 ( Lee Eun Gyeong ),박수길 ( Park Su Gil ) 대한신장학회 2004 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.23 No.1
Cyclosporine can cause remission of 60% in ster oid resistant FSGS, but its responses are variable. Now we report two cases of steroid resistant FSGS who are maintaining remission using cyclosporine continuous therapy. The first patient had been failed several times of steroid therapy, had edema, azotemia and severe proteinuria. We used steroid pulse therapy then maintenance dose of oral cyclosporine to reduce proteinuria for more than 6 years. He has been received cyclosporine therapy up to now and maintaining normal renal function. The second patient had severe azotemia who needed hemodialysis but after cyclosporine therapy, he recovered his renal funciton. The findings of renal biopsies in one patient after 6 years of cyclosporine therapy revealed that there was no improvement of sclerosing glomeruli, then we guess that maintenance therapy of cyclosporine might need for lifelong period. (Korean J Nephrol 2004;23(1):158-162)
홍수경 ( Su Kyeong Hong ),김한주 ( Han Joo Kim ),박수길 ( Soo Gil Park ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2011 建設技術論文集 Vol.30 No.2
전기 흡착식 이온제거(CDI) 공정은 충전 시, 두 개의 다공성 탄소전극에 적절한 전압을 인가하고 그 사이로 이온들이 함유된 물을 흘려주어 양이온은 음극에, 음이온은 양극에 흡착되어 이온들이 서로 분리되고, 양이온과 음이온으로 포화된 탄소전극은 반대 전압을 인가해주면 흡착된 이온들이 탈리되는 원리이다. 이번 연구에서는 전기 흡착식 이온제거 공정에서의 중금속 제거 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 제작한 CDI셀의 최적조건을 알아보기 위해 NaCl의 농도와 유속에 따른 셀 성능 평가 실험을 하였디. 실험 결과 최적 조건은 NaCl농도 200 ppm과 유속 10 mL/min임을 확인하였다. 이 최적 조건 하에서 CuSO4·5H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, MnSO4·H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, SnCl2·2H2O, CoCl2·6H2O용액을 사용하여 CDI공정에서의 중금속 제거 효과에 대해 알아 보았다. 실험 결과 Cl-포함된 용액에서는 이온제거율이 l00%를 나타낸 반면 SO4(2-)가 포함된 용액에서는 약 80∼90%의 이온제거율을 보였다. 대부분의 중금속의 경우 산화 환원 전위가 CDI 작동 전위인 1.2 V보다 낮아 산화 환원 반응이 일어나 전극에 석출 된 것으로 나타났다. 이런 문제점을 해결 하기 위해서는 중금속 종류에 따라 CDI 작동 전위의 변화를 주거나 pH값의 변화를 주면 CDI공정에서 중금속 제거 효과가 가능 할 것으로 생각된다. Capacitive deionization(CDI) process is a removal process of ions via electrochemical adsorption using porous carbon materials. The ions are adsorbed onto the surface of porous carbon electrodes by applying electric field to brackish water. In this study, the heavy metal removal effect in capacitive deionization process was investigated. In order to find the optimum condition of fabricated CDI cell, the CDI cell performance was evaluated according to NaCl concentration and flow rate. The optimum condition was 200ppm NaCl and l0mL/min. The effect of heavy metal removal in capacitive deionization was investigated using CuSO4·5H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, MnSO4·H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, SnCl2·2H2O, CoCl2·6H2O. The removal rate was influenced on anion group, and ion remval rate in the solution including Cl- was about 99% and in the solution including SO4(2-) was about 83%. CDI process has precipitation problem, but if the voltage and pH value change, the heavy metal removal might be possible.
알칼리 축전지의 활물질에 관한 연구. 카드뮴 전극에 관하여
이주성,주충렬,박수길,Ju Seong Lee,Choong Yeoul Joo,Park, Su Gil 대한화학회 1981 대한화학회지 Vol.25 No.5
Ni-Cd 전지 중 카드뮴 전극을 수산화 칼륨용액 중에서 각종 조건의 변화에 따른 cyclic voltammetry를 행하여 카드뮴전극의 전기화학적 거동을 검토하였으며 voltammogram에 나타나는 peak전위 근처의 각 전위에서 정전위 전해를 하여 충, 방전상태의 전기화학적 거동을 X-선 회절선도의 해석 결과와 결부시켜 전극반응 메카니즘을 종합적으로 검토하였다. 수산화카드뮴 마이너스 전극의 음극분극 곡선에는 두 개의 peak가 나타난다. 마이너스극의 수산화카드뮴은 제 1 peak 전위에서 카드뮴 금속으로 환원되고 제 2 peak 전위에 도달하면 매우 활성이 큰 금속 상태로 되며 (002)면이 (101)면보다 성장이 매우 크다. 또한 제 2 peak 전위의 카드뮴은 산소와의 선택적인 반응이 급속히 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과 카드뮴극과 산소와의 반응은 화학적 반응인 $2Cd + O_2 + 2H_2O\;{\longrightarrow}\;2Cd(OH)_2$으로 진행된다고 추정하였다. The electrochemical behavior of cadmium electrode for the nickel-cadmium battery system has been studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis and X-ray diffraction method. Cathodic polarization curve for cadmium hydroxide electrode prepared by electrochemical pretreatment of metallic cadmium showed two peaks. It has been found that cadmium hydroxide was reduced to cadmium metal at the first peak potential, whereas very activated metal of cadmium which was strongly oriented (002) rather than (101) was formed at the second peak potential. It was also found that the cadmium formed at the second peak potential reacted rapidly with oxygen. Therefore, it could be presumed that the cadmium recombination reaction with the oxygen was chemical, and could be represented as $2Cd + O_2 + 2H_2O\;{\longrightarrow}\;2Cd(OH)_2$.
손원근,김상헌,박수길,Son, Won Geun,Kim, Sang Heon,Park, Su Gil Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.1
Sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) (SPPS) polymers were prepared by sulfonation of poly[methyl[4-(phenylthio) phenyl]sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate] (PPST) with fumic sulfonic acid (10% $SO_3-H_2SO_4$) and demethylation with aqueous NaOH solution. The equilibrium constants of ion exchange reactions between alkali metal cations ($Li^+,\;Na^+,\;and\;K^+$) and SPPS ion exchanger in organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane were measured. The equilibrium constants of ion exchange reactions increased as the polarity of the solvent increased, and the reaction temperature decreased. The equilibrium constants of the ion exchange reaction ($K_{eq}$) also increased in the order of $Li^+,\;Na^+,\;and\;K^+$. To elucidate the spontaneity of the exchange reaction in organic solvents, the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were calculated. The enthalpy of reaction ranged from -0.88 to -1.33 kcal/mol, entropy ranged from 1.42 to 4.41 cal/Kmol, and Gibbs free energy ranged from -1.03 to -2.55 kcal/mol. Therefore, the exchange reactions were spontaneous because the Gibbs free energies were negative. The SPPS ion exchanger and alkali metal ion bounding each other produced good ion exchange capability in organic solvents.