http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
논문(論文) : 러시아 주류정책의 변화, 1914-1932: 금주령에서 보드카 독점으로
박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-
The Change of Russian Alcohol Policy, 1914-1932 Park, Sang-chul [Abstract] The Russian government, at beginning of the First World War, issued prohibition law to avoid anarchy and disorganization of military mobilization and responding to the public opinions of educated society that had criticized excessive financial dependance of vodka monopoly. And the Bolsheviks, after the seize of power in October, 1917, continued anti-alcohol policies. The Soviet communists, regarding popular drinking practices as ``vestiges of capitalism`` or ``social diseases,`` tried to correct it with various legal and administrative measures, cultural and propaganda activities. But this meant a direct attack on popular way of life and cultural values contained in it. Therefore, people`s major response to it was the production and consumption of moonshine. In 1920s, in context of fierce power struggle, Stalin and others asserted to resume and expand the production of the state vodka in order to suppress growing moonshine industry and to accumulate capital for speedy industrialization. When it became clear that anti-alcohol movements could threaten the consumption of state vodka as a source of state liquor revenues, he incapacitated anti-alcohol movement and at the same time declared that alcohol problems in Soviet Union had been resolved. This early experience in Soviet Union showed that drinking practices is rather determined and changed under the influence of many factors, such as power struggles, cultural conflicts between social elements and so on. It also showed how the utopian enthusiasm of Russian communists changed in harsh reality, and why many peoples began to develop conformist way of behaviour.
박상철,Park, Sang-Chul 대한용접접합학회 2010 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.28 No.5
The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multibody dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structure with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work basically consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multibody dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.
Guinea pig에서 alcohol과 paraquat에 의한 간독성에 미치는 selenium의 방어 효과
박상철,강형섭,이호일,김진상,Park, Sang-chul,Kang, Hyung-sub,Lee, Ho-il,Kim, Jin-sang 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.2
Experiments were undertaken to examine the ability of selenium to protect against alcohol and/or paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity and to examine the additive effect between alcohol and paraquat. Protective effect against hepatotoxic functions was measured in serum from alcohol(15% v/v), paraquat(200ppm), alcohol and paraquat, and combination of sodium selenite(4ppm) in drinking water-fed guinea pigs ad libitum for 4 weeks. A total of 68 healthy 7-weeks-old male animals were assigned at random to 8 treatment groups(9~13 animals/group). Body and liver weight losses, and high serum concentrations in aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT, in only paraquat group), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GTP), cholesterol(Cho), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total bilirubin(TB), direct bilirubin(DB), total protein(TP), albumin and globulin as well as low values in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and glucose were produced in a groups of alcohol or paraquat-fed. These values were not potentiated in a group given the combination of alcohol plus paraquat. Morphological changes in the liver were also observed in the alcohol or paraquat-fed group. Lipid droplet and cell swelling in the hepatocytes were observed in alcohol-fed guinea pig, especially Mallory's hyaline arounded hepatic vein. In the paraquat-fed guinea pig, lipid droplet, pyknosis and karyolysis were observed. When alcohol or paraquat was combined with selenium-fed, hyperplasia of Kupffer cell in liver were observed. However, the mean ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, Cho, BUN, TB, TP, albumin and globulin values were lower in groups given the combination of alcohol and/or paraquat plus selenium, compared with groups given alcohol and/or paraquat. Also, the ratio of liver weight to body weight and ALP values(exception of paraquat plus selenium group) were increased by selenium. These results suggest that an adequate selenium confers marked protection against alcohol and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity.
용접부 피로강도를 고려한 굴삭기 붐 구조물 설계(II)
박상철,Park, Sang-Chul 대한용접접합학회 2011 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.29 No.4
The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structures with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work mainly consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multi-body dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.
박상철(Sang-Chul Park) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.9
본 연구는 선박용 디젤엔진 부품인 축류 단조품을 단조작업에 의하여 제작하는 과정에서 발생하는 품질문제를 해결하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1차, 2차 가열 및 열간 단조를 거쳐 완성된 단조품은 최종 후열처리공정을 거치게 되는데 이 과정에서 발생하는 것으로 알려진 내부 결함문제를 해결하기 위하여 냉각공정을 평가하였다. 자유단조작업을 거쳐 제작된 축류 단조품에는 2차 열간 단조작업 후 냉각과정에서 소재 내부에 존재하고 있던 잔류 수소가 기공이나 미세균열, 입계, 계면 등으로 확산, 집적됨으로써 균열을 유발하여 내부 결함이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 실제 작업현장에서 균열발생 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 수치해석 전용 프로그램인 ANSYS를 사용하여 열전달 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 해석모델은 축류 단조품의 특성상 축대칭요소를 사용하여 구성하였고 단조품 초기 온도 1250 ℃에서 단조작업 완료 후 냉각과정에서 시간이 경과함에 따른 온도변화를 평가하였다. 주어진 4종류의 축류단조품에 대하여 온도이력을 평가한 결과 단조품 내부에 수소유기균열 발생이 예상되는 250 ℃까지 냉각되는데 소요되는 시간을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 냉각시간은 추후 열처리 작업의 작업표준으로 적용함으로써 축류 단조품 제작 시 품질과 생산성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. This study was performed to solve the quality problems of forging propeller shaft components in the marine diesel engines during the final cooling process and provide reasonable guidelines to increase the production of forging products. Residual hydrogen existing on the inside of forging products begins to diffuse and accumulates at the pores, micro-fissures, and grain boundaries as the temperature of forging products begins to decrease and reaches a critical temperature range, and finally transforming into internal defects. These defects were easily found near the surface of products after milling the surface of forging products. In this work, four types of forging products (shaft flange, shaft journal, thrust shaft, and propeller shaft) were chosen to evaluate the temperature history of products during the cooling process, employing non-linear numerical analyses with the ANSYS program. The times elapsed to reach 250 ℃ after cooling were approximately 9 ~ 23 hours for each forging product. These times can be used as cooling process guidelines on the quality and productivity of products after heat treatment.
실천적 지식의 "정향"을 통한 문학 수업 재구성에 관한 사례 연구
박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 국어교육학회 2014 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.49 No.1
본 연구는 L교사(국어 교사)와 반구조화된 인터뷰를 실시하여, 수업과 관련된 실천적 지식의 정향을 분석한 후에, 실천적 지식의 정향이 문학 수업에서 어떻게 작동하는지를 파악하고, 실천적 지식의 정향에 의해 구성된 문학 수업이 실행되면서 드러나는 교육적 효과를 고찰한 질적 사례 연구이다. 문학 수업의 학습 목표 구성은 L교사의 실천적 지식의 ‘개인적 정향’이 작용한 결과로, 읽기 활동은 ‘경험적 정향’이 작용한 것으로 보았다. 또한 ‘움직이는 조각상’으로 표현하는 활동은 ‘이론적 정향’의 토대 위에 ‘경험적 정향’과 ‘개인적 정향’이 복합적으로 작용한 것이고, 교사의 허용적인 발화 양상은 ‘개인적 정향’이 작용한 것으로 잠정적인 결론을 내렸다. 다음으로 L교사의 실천적 지식의 정향을 통해 재구성된 문학 수업에서, 읽기 활동을 통해 읽기 효과가 극대화되었다는 점과 학생들의 주체적 사고 능력을 신장했다는 점뿐만 아니라 인물의 행동이나 생각에 공감하는 공감적 주체가 구성되었다는 점을 교육적 효과로 보았다. This is a qualitative case study understanding how the orientation of practical knowledge works in the literature class, and reviewing the re-vealed educational effects revealed after the literature class composed by the orientation of practical knowledge began through a semi-structured interview with Teacher L(Korean language teacher) and the analysis on the orientation of practical knowledge related to the class. From the interview and the analysis, this study tentatively reached the conclusion as follows. It is considered that the composition of lesson goals in the literature class was the results exercised by Teacher L`s ‘personal orientation’ on the practical knowledge, so the reading activity was exercised by the ‘experi-ential orientation’. And, the activity expressed as the ‘moving statue’ was complexively exercised by the ‘experiental orientation’ and the ‘personal orientation’ on the basis of the ‘theoretical orientation’, and the way utiliz-ing the discussion in a class and the teacher`s allowing speech patterns were exercised by the ‘personal orientation’. Next, this study considered that the educational effects of orientation of practical knowledge were found in the composition of emphatic sub-ject emphasizing each character`s behavior or thought in books as well as the reading effect maximized through the reading activity in the recom-posed literature class by Teacher L`s orientation of practical knowledge and the enhancement of students’ independent thinking ability
박상철 ( Park Sang-chul ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2018 역사학연구 Vol.72 No.-
황제 니콜라이 2세는 1914년 1월말에 재무대신이자 대신회의 의장인 코코프쬬프를 해임하고 바르크를 새 재무대신으로 임명했을 때, 그리고 그에게 새로운 재정정책의 모색을 지시했을 때, 기존의 보드카 국가독점 제도를 개혁하겠다는 자신의 의지를 분명하게 피력하였다. 그것은 특정인을 몰아내려는 궁정 또는 정부 내 일부 세력들의 정치적 음모 때문이라기보다는, 보드카 국가 독점 제도가 만취를 증대시킴으로써 국민의 도덕적 그리고 경제적 파탄을 야기한다는 광범위한 사회적 비난 여론 때문이었다. 그는 이런 비난이 전제군주정의 도덕적 권위를 위협할 수 있다고 우려했던 것이다. 니콜라이 2세의 이런 입장이 더욱 명확하게 표현될 수 있는 계기는 1차 세계대전이 제공해주었다. 러시아 정부는 러일전쟁의 경험에서 교훈을 얻어 1차 세계대전 때에는 총동원이 끝날 때까지 모든 주류의 판매를 금지시켰고 이는 성공적인 총동원으로 이어졌다. 물론 총동원 기간에도 일부 지역에서는 소요와 무질서가 발생하였다. 하지만 이런 사건들은 전쟁이나 기존 체제에 반대하는 성격보다는 오히려 애국적, 왕정주의적 성격을 지녔고 당국은 그것들을 음주폭동으로 규정함으로써 주류 판매금지 조치의 필요성을 부각시켰다. 이런 경험, 즉 주류 판매금지의 긍정적인 효과는 전쟁 발발로 고양된 애국심과 단합 분위기 속에서 황제의 권위가 급격히 증대되었던 당시 사회 상황과 결합되면서 황제가 전쟁이 끝날 때까지 보드카 판매를 금지시키겠다고 약속하게 된 중요한 배경이 되었다. 그런데 황제 니콜라이 2세는 보드카 이외의 주류에 대한 판매금지 조치의 실행 여부를 사실상 지자체의 판단에 맡겼다. 이에 특히 지자체의 권한 확대를 오랫동안 소망하였던 지자체 내의 자유주의자들은 이런 권한을 적극적으로 활용하려는 모습을 보였다. In January 1914, when Emperor Nicolas II, dismissing Kokovtsov as the chairman of Council of Ministers and Finance Minister, appointed Bark as the new Finance Minister, and when he directed him to seek a new fiscal policy, he clearly expressed his will to reform the monopoly system of the vodka. It was because of the widespread public criticism that the monopoly system increased drunkenness among people and caused their moral and economic devastation, rather than because of the political conspiracy of some elements in the court or government to drive someone out. He was concerned that such criticism could threaten the moral authority of the monarchy. World War I provided the opportunity for Nicolas II to express more clearly his will. The Russian government banned the sale of all alcoholic beverages until the end of the general mobilization, leading to a successful accomplishment. Of course, there were disturbances and disorders in some areas. These events, however, were patriotic and loyal rather than antiwar or antimonarchical, and the authorities emphasized the need to ban alcoholic beverages by defining them as drunken riots. This experience, combined with the social situation in which the emperor's authority was suddenly increased in an atmosphere of patriotism and unity, was an important background that made the emperor promise to prohibit the sale of vodka until the end of the war. In addition, Emperor Nicolas II entrusted to the local self-governments the decision to prohibit the sale of other liquors, and in particular, the liberals in the local self-governments who long desired the expansion of the municipality's jurisdiction tried to actively utilize such chances. (Chonnam National University)
박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 한국서양사연구회(구 서울대학교 서양사연구회) 2016 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.55
During the First World War, the publication of Russian propaganda posters was significantly increased and its outstanding artists participated in its making. Russian War Posters can be divided two categories: Russian traditional Lubok-style posters and European-style posters. At early times of First World War, Lubok-style posters, with impressive images and a few sentences, delivered the news of Russian military victories to the Russian peoples, in particular, to peasants. By describing the German Emperor as a devil, emphasizing his ambitions of being a European Emperor, and/or accentuating the cruelty of the German army, they insisted the legitimacy of the `defense war` of Russia, while highlighting the bravery and combat capability of the Russian soldiers and expressing the expectation of easy victory. But since the war was prolonged and the Russian army experienced continuous military defeats, lubok-style posters were unable to present a logical or moral explanation and the way how to overcome the difficult situation. It just disappeared from the market. European-style poster is classified as `charity` posters and war-bonds posters. Charity posters, usually advertising a charity event to the wealthier, were published not by the Russian government but by various charities and social organizations. These posters largely appealed to the patriotism, civic duty, and humanitarian feelings of the wealthier and, taking into account their tastes, showed bright and optimistic mood. However, some charity posters which overly stressed the sufferings of war victims had possibilities of imparting anti-war messages. Warbonds posters which emerged from 1916 described the real situation of the front and more actively reflected the stance of the government. But the purpose of some war-bonds posters was vague and unarticulated as compared to the other belligerent posters. (Chonnam National University/sachpak@chonnam.ac.kr)
박상철(Park, Sang Cheol),구철모(Koo, Chul Mo) 한국서비스경영학회 2012 서비스경영학회지 Vol.13 No.3
Drawing on the service-dominant perspective, this study develops and tests a research model of examining performance improvement in hospital organizations. Our model posits that internal capabilities with external infusions affect service climates, which in turn, influence service innovation and improvement of service performance. Survey data collected from 500 managers in hospital organizations were used to test the model using partial least squares analysis. We found that the internal capabilities with the external infusions are significantly associated with the service climate that lead to both service innovation and improvement of service performance in hospital organizations. The implications of these findings for both research and practice are discussed.