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아웃소싱에서 협력사와 고객사의 거래공정성이 파트너십과 PM역량을 매개로 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구-컨설턴트역량의 조절효과
박상문(Sang-Moon, Park),김기중(Gi-Joong, Kim),현병환(Byung Hwan, Hyun) 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
본 연구는 아웃소싱 고객사와 협력사 간의 거래공정성이 파트너십과 PM역량에 미치는 영향과, 거래공정성이 파트너십과 PM역량을 매개로 하여 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향과 PM역량이 경영성과와의 관계에서 컨설턴트역량의 조절적 작용을 확인하는 것이다. 분석을 위해 전국 아웃소싱을 활용하는 제조업의 고객사와 이를 제공하는 협력사 각각의 집단을 표본으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 유효설문 251부를 빈도분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석, CFA, SEM 등을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 거래공정성은 파트너십에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 거래공정성의 하위차원인 분배 및 상호공정성은 유의하지 않은 반면, 절차공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 파트너십의 상호결속, 상호신뢰, 상호의존 모두 고객사의 경영성과를 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 거래공정성이 파트너십과 PM역량을 통하여 고객사의 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 컨설턴트역량은 PM역량이 고객의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 조절작용을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 시사점으로 제조업 아웃소싱에서 거래공정성이 파트너십과 PM역량을 매개로 고객사의 경영성과에 대하여 실증 분석한 첫 시도로서 아웃소싱에서 절차적 공정성이 중요한 요인임과, 아웃소싱 거래 상호간 파트너십 관계 형성, 협력사의 역량 갖춘 PM의 활용, 역량 있는 컨설턴트를 활용하려는 고객사의 노력이 아웃소싱 성과를 향상시킬 수 있다는 점을 시사해 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of customer’s and partners" Justice, PM competency and Consultant competency on customer "s performance in manufacturing outsourcing. In this study, hypothesis was derived by referring to the preceding article about Justice of outsourcing industry, PM competency and Consultant competency and Management performance in outsourcing, and data were collected from customers who use outsourcing services and those who provide contract outsourcing services. The reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted and the hypothesis was verified through SEM analysis. As a result of this study, First, the Justice between the customers of manufacturing outsourcing companies and suppliers is positively (+) influenced by the procedural justice and the management performance. Second, PM competency has a positive effect on customer "s performance. Third, the consultant "s competency has positive (+) control effect on the customer" s business performance. In order to actively cope with the rapidly changing business environment, such as coping with a sharp increase in labor costs by effectively utilizing outsourcing in the ever-worsening global competition, PM competency and Consultant competency are important factors. For this reason, the results of this study suggest valuable data to identify important factors, reduce unnecessary elements and allocate resources efficiently in order to improve business performance of customer companies.
규제 불확실성이 벤처창업기업의 신사업 전략에 미치는 영향
박상문(Sangmoon Park) 대한경영학회 2020 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구에서는 규제 불확실성이 벤처창업기업들의 신사업 추진 전략에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 신기술에 기반한 새로운 비즈니스를 추진하고자 하는 기업들은 관련 법령이나 규정 및 정책 불확실성으로 인해 신규사업 추진과 관련하여 최적 의사결정에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 규제 불확실성이 기업들의 투자의사결정에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존 연구들은 일치된 결과를 제시하지 못하고 있다. 기업들은 규제 불확실성을 회피하기 위해 투자를 연기하는 의사결정을 하거나 반대로 불확실성에도 불구하고 적극적으로 투자를 진행하는 의사결정을 하는 것과 같이 상반된 주장을 제시하고 있다. 기업내부 보유자원이 많고 기존 사업이 존재하는 기존기업과 달리 신기술을 활용한 신사업을 추진하고 하는 벤처창업기업들은 자원여력이 충분하지 않고 투자지연에 따른 시장기회 상실에 대한 어려움이 존재한다. 규제 불확실성이 기업들의 신규사업 투자 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존 연구들은 대부분 기존 기업들을 대상으로 연구하였으며 자원여력이 부족한 벤처창업기업 관점에서의 연구는 미흡하였다. 국내 벤처창업기업들에 대한 설문조사 자료를 활용하여 규제 불확실성이 신사업 추진전략간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 신사업 추진과정에서 창업자들의 규제경험 여부는 위험감수 사업추진 여부에 영향은 부의 영향관계를 보이는 반면, 인지적 규제수준은 통계적으로 유의한 영향관계를 보이지 않았다. 규제 불확실성이 해외시장 진출의도에 미치는 영향에서는 인지적 규제수준과 해외시장 진출의도간의 정의 유의한 영향관계를 보이는 반면, 규제경험여부는 통계적으로 유의한 영향관계를 보이지 않았다. 이는 국내 신규시장에서는 실질적인 규제 경험여부가 신사업 추진에 영향을 미치는 반면, 인지적 규제수준은 해외시장 진출의도에 영향을 미치고 있어 목표시장에 따라 서로 다른 영향관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 이론적 실무적 시사점과 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다. This study examines the effect of regulatory uncertainty on new business strategies of new ventures. New technology-based ventures may find it difficult to invest new business because of existing regulations such as laws and regulations. Previous research suggests that regulatory uncertainty affects whether firms delay investment decision until uncertainty resolution or firms proactively invest to respond to regulations. Traditionally, companies have shown that they have to wait and see investment decisions in response to uncertainties or make decisions that wait for them to resolve. On the contrary, recent research suggests that companies are actively responding to regulatory uncertainty rather than delaying investment decisions. They stress that it is necessary to prepare for the uncertain future through an approach based on real option theory with minimal investment or active participation, even in the face of regulatory uncertainty, rather than passively responding to future possibilities. Prior studies have focused on large companies with existing businesses and sufficient resources for new investment. Large companies have a relatively small potential risk to the entire enterprise due to delayed investment and limited participation in new businesses. In addition, large corporations have free slack for future investments and can make large-scale investments at any time when regulatory uncertainty would be resolved. However, venture start-ups have no existing business and limited resources, so investment decisions for new businesses are very important. Venture companies have to take advantage of new technologies to preempt opportunities in new businesses, so delaying investment in new businesses seems to lose business opportunities. Therefore, under regulatory uncertainty, venture firms are unlikely to make the same decisions as large firms. There are few studies on how new ventures could respond to regulatory uncertainty. Based on survey data on new ventures, we empirically analyzed the relationship between regulatory uncertainty and new business strategy. As a result of the analysis, regulatory uncertainty has positive relationships with the intention to enter foreign market rather than domestic market and intention of risk-taking new market entry strategy. The founders regulatory experience showed a negative effect on the intention to enter a new business. The level of cognitive regulation of founders did not have a significant influence on the intention to enter a new business. The founders regulatory experience did not show a significant influence on the intention to enter the overseas market. The level of cognitive regulation of founders was found to have a significant positive influence on the intention to enter the overseas market. This study shows that the experience and perception level of regulatory uncertainty of Korean new ventures have different influences on the intention to enter the domestic market and the overseas market. In particular, regulatory uncertainty has been found to make it difficult for venture start-ups to enter new businesses, which must pursue challenges through risk-taking. Finally, this study presents the theoretical and practical implications and explained the future research directions.
외부 자원 활용이 중소기업의 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향
박상문(Park Sangmoon),이병헌(Lee Byungheon),이형오(토론자) 한국전략경영학회 2005 한국전략경영학회 학술대회발표논문집 Vol.- No.-
본 연구는 국내 중소기업들의 기술협력과 외부자금 활용이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 외부자원 활용정도가 중소기업의 기술혁신에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 88개 국내 중소기업을 대상으로 실증분석하였다. 분석결과, 중소기업의 외부조직과의 기술협력은 기술혁신을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 외부자금 활용이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향은 자금원에 따라 다른 결과를 보이고 있다. 벤처캐피탈을 포함한 민간투자자금의 활용은 기술혁신에 정(+)의 영향을 미치나, 정부의 기술개발자금 활용은 중소기업의 기술혁신과 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 각 외부자원의 활용이 중소기업의 기술혁신에 미치는 영향에 대한 의의와 중소기업의 기술혁신을 촉진하기 위한 정책적 시사점 및 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다. This study examines the effects of technological collaboration and external financing on the technological innovations of SMEs. To analyze the effects of the utilization of external resources, this paper collected data from 88 Korean SMEs and tested hypothesis on the key questions. Through the results of this study, the external resources have different impacts on the innovation of SMEs. Technological collaborations of SMEs have positively influences on the innovation. Private financing also have increased the innovations of SMEs. However, the utilization of government R&D subsidies have shown non-significant relationships with innovations. Finally, this paper suggests some policy implications for the innovations of SMEs.
일반 논문 : 중소기업의 기술경영 활동수준과 기술역량 및 기술혁신 애로요인간의 관계
박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ),서종현 ( Jong Hyen Seo ) 한국중소기업학회 2012 中小企業硏究 Vol.34 No.2
중소기업의 기술경쟁력은 개별기업의 지속적인 성장과 성과창출에 중요한 요인으로 여겨져 왔다. 중소기업들이 국가경제에 미치는 영향이나 중요성으로 인해 정부차원의 중소기업 기술혁신 지원정책들은 기술혁신 자금지원을 통해 지속적으로 확대하고 있으나, 중소기업들의 기술경쟁력 수준은 크게 개선되지 않고 있다. 기술혁신에 대한 선행연구들도 기술혁신 투자가 기업성과에 미치는 영향들도 일관된 결과를 보이지 못하고 있다. 기업들의 기술혁신을 저해하는 다양한 요인들로 인해 기술혁신에 대한 투자효과가 기대에 못 미치고 있다. 기술을 활용한 가치창출에 초점을 둔 기술경영의 중요성이 대두되고 있으나, 이와 관련된 연구는 미흡한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 중소기업에서 기술경영 활동수준이 기술역량과 기술혁신 애로요인에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 살펴보았다. 국내 중소제조업체들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 337개 응답결과를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과, 기술경영 활동수준은 전반적인 기술역량과 정의 유의한 영향관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기술경영 활동수준은 기술혁신의 애로요인에 대해서도 부의 유의한 영향관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 기술경영의 세부활동 수준에서는 시장조사활동과 R&D 과제관리 활동수준은 기술역량과 유의한 정의 영향관계를 보였다. 기술개발 애로요인과 세부 기술경영 활동과의 관계에서는 R&D 과제관리와 조직적 참여수준은 기술개발과정상의 애로요인과 유의한 부의 영향관계를 보이는 반면, 시장조사활동과 R&D 과제관리 수준은 사업화 애로요인과 부의 영향관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 중소기업 있어서 기술경영이 기업의 기술역량과 혁신을 통한 가치창출 촉진에 중요함을 의미한다. 특히, 기술경영 활동 중에서는 R&D 과제관리가 기술경영 활동에서 다른 활동들보다 기술경쟁력과 혁신 애로요인에 유의한 관계임을 보임으로써 R&D 과제관리의 중요성을 재확인시켜주고 있다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 중소기업의 기술경쟁력 향상과 기술혁신 촉진을 위한 실무적 의의와 정책적 방향을 제시한다. This study investigates the intensity of technology management practices on technological capabilities and barriers to innovations in Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Researchers have examined the roles of innovations on firms` short-term performances and long-run survival and growth of firms. Under this important role of innovation, firm managers and policy makers have invested more financial resources into research and development functions to enhance innovation capabilities and seize business opportunities. Prior studies, however, have shown controversial relationships between R&D investment and firm performance. Some studies have shown positive effects of R&D investment on firm performance, guiding more investment in R&D activities. Others have shown non-significant or negative relationships between R&D investment and performance. These inconsistent relationships between R&D investment and performance show a need to explore additional factors to explain the differences and contingent effects of R&D investment on performance. Among many factors, a group of researchers have been interested in technology management practices to effectively and efficiently manage innovation processes from strategic alignment through R&D management to commercialization. In spite of theoretical arguments on technology management practice, there are few empirical studies to understand the relationships of technology management practices with innovation capabilities and barriers to innovation. Based on prior researches, we developed two hypotheses on the impacts between technology management on technological capabilities and barriers to innovations. This paper focuses on the relationships between technology management processes on performances and barriers to innovations in SMEs. To verify hypothetical relationships, we collected and analyzed empirical data from Korean SMEs from firms older than three years in multiple industries. We asked key informants responsible for R&D investment to respond to this survey. This study measured two dependents variables. One is the level of technological capability that was measured by averaging the perceived level of product and process capabilities compared to major competitors. Another is barriers to innovation in the overall innovation processes. From eight different key difficulties around innovation processes based on related prior studies, we reduced two difficulty factors, barriers on R&D process and barriers on commercialization with four different items in each factor. The independent variable used in this paper was a measure of the intensity of technology managements. We identified five different sub-activities related to technology management from prior studies. They include market analysis and intelligence, technology strategy and planning, project and R&D management, intellectual property management, and organizational support. Each sub-activity was independently regarded as one of the key factors in technology management and critical determinants of innovation performances. All sub-activity consists of four detailed items measured by binary variables. From this measurement, the intensity of technology management added all binary measures on all activities and sub-activity was measured by the addition of the binary usage of the detailed items. This paper used several control variables. Firm age was measured by total firm years from its inception. Firm size was the natural logarithm of the total number of employees. Also another firm size variable was added by coding a binary variable depending on total sales volumes. We added another binary variable depending on the existence of a corporate R&D center. To measure government certification on technological capability, we coded one for externally certified firms in terms of technological capabilities and zero for other SMEs. We measured competitive strategy : technology leadership, cost leadership, and niche strategy. Each firm was identified with one competitive strategy as two different binary variables. Based on data collected from 337 respondents from a survey on Korean SMEs in manufacturing sectors, the results show that the intensity of technology management is important for SMEs to enhance innovation capabilities. Total intensity of technology management practices has positive relationships with technological capabilities. It means that SMEs utilizing more technology management practices operate more competitive innovation processes and build their technological capabilities. Among sub-activities in technology management, there are different relationships with technological capabilities. Practices related to market analysis and R&D management show positive relationships. Other practices, such as technology planning, intellectual property management and organizational support, have no significant impacts on technological capabilities. This indicates market analysis and R&D management practices are more significant and important for SMEs to build their innovation capabilities. Also the intensity of technology management practices has significantly negative relationships with both barriers to innovations, R&D process and commercialization. For the barrier to R&D processes, practices on R&D management and organizational support have negatively significant relationships with general difficulties in R&D processes. Other practices including market intelligence, technology planning, and intellectual property management show no statistically significant impacts on R&D processes. This result indicates that barriers to R&D processes are the matter of organizational systems and processes to manage overall innovation processes within the organization. The total intensity of technology management practices has a significantly negative relationship with the barrier to commercialization. Among the sub-activities, practices related to R&D management and market intelligence show negative relationships with difficulty in commercialization processes. Other practices such as technology planning, intellectual property management, and organizational support have shown no significant relationships. This result indicates that commercialization problems in innovation are rooted in practices in the early stages of innovation processes, not only assessing market potential and customer needs in the market, but also timely and strategic management of R&D projects and progress in research and development. The study shows the importance of technology management for SMEs to build their technological capabilities and reduce difficulties in innovation processes. Most technology management and practical practices have focused on large companies with sufficient internal resources. Different from prior studies, this study examined the importance of technology management and identified some specific practices, of which one is highly related to technological capabilities and innovation processes. The most interesting technology management practice is R&D management practice. This practice has shown a positive relationship with technological capabilities and negative relationships with both barriers to innovation. It indicates that R&D management could be a baseline practice on technology management and a practical guideline for SMEs to enhance their innovation performances. Another interesting practice is market intelligence to analyze market trends and customer needs which are regarded as key factors on innovation. Apart from financial investment in innovations, technology management is another important factor for industrial firms to create and capture more value from innovation. There are some limitations and future research directions. Most of all, we need more systematic and practical technology management models rather than highly complex and resource-intensive systems. Despite increasing interest and literature, there is still a lack of understanding on critical practices for SMEs to adopt and utilize technology management with practical viewpoints. More empirical studies are needed to test more robust models and methodology to measure intensity and quality of technology management practices. Also we need additional researches on the generalization of the relationships between technology management and innovation performances in diverse contexts and environments.
박상문(Sangmoon Park),변도영(Doyoung Byun),손석호(Seokho Son) 한국기술혁신학회 2007 기술혁신학회지 Vol.10 No.1
본 연구는 국가차원의 국가기술로드맵 활용도와 개선사항에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 실증 분석함으로써 향후 국가기술로드맵의 활용도 제고와 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 국가수준 기술로드맵의 작성과 활용이 증가함에도 불구하고 실제 과학기술 전문가들의 활용도 현황이나 개선사항에 대한 체계적인 조사분석은 상대적으로 미흡하였다. 본 연구는 국내 320명의 과학기술 분야 전문가를 대상으로 수행한 설문조사를 바탕으로 국가수준 기술로드맵의 활용도와 개선방향에 대해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 국가기술로드맵 활용도에는 전반적인 기술수준이 높고 기술로드맵 참여 경험은 활용도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 중장기 기술전략의 세부목적에 따라 활용도에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 국가차원의 기술로드맵은 크게 기획과정, 작성과정, 결과활용에서 개선이 요구되며, 기술수준 참여경험 및 중장기 기술전략의 세부목적에 따라 서로 다른 측면에서의 향후 개선사항을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 향후 국가차원의 국가기술로드맵의 활용도 제고와 발전방향을 위한 방안을 제시하였다. This paper investigates key factors on the utilization and improvement directions of national-level technology roadmaps for technology strategies. There are increasing interest in technology roadmaps to respond to uncertain environment and explore some possible directions of future technology development. To challenge the catching-up status in innovation, technology roadmap have been widely developed both in private and public sectors. In spite of recent increasing adoption of technology roadmap, there are few empirical studies on the level of utilization and improvement directions of technology roadmap with the viewpoints from science and technology experts in national innovation system. Most of studies on technology roadmaps have argued normative recommendations and made suggestions based on case studies. This paper examines the key factors on the utilization and future direction of national-level technology roadmaps. Based on survey from 320 experts in science and technology area, this paper analyzes the level of utilization and future improvements of national level technology roadmap. The level of technological capabilities and participation experience on the roadmap development process have significant impact on the utilization of national-level technology roadmaps. Also there are three future directions to increase the usage of national-level technology roadmaps. The national-level technology roadmap should be improved as a more systematic processes including planning, progress, and outputs. Finally, this paper suggests some implications and future guidelines for national-level technology roadmaps.
이전 창업경험 특성이 벤처기업의 외부 자원 확보와 성과에 미치는 영향
박상문(Sangmoon Park),이미순(Mee Soon Lee) 한국경영학회 2017 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.08
본 연구에서는 창업자의 이전 창업경험 특성이 벤처기업의 외부자원 확보와 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 창업자의 이전 창업에 따른 성공과 실패의 경험은 후속 창업시 벤처기업의 운영과 성과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 논의되고 있다. 창업자의 이전 창업경험이 실제 새로운 벤처기업의 운영과 성과에 미치는 실증적 연구결과들은 일관된 결과들을 보여주지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 벤처기업들을 대상으로 창업자의 이전 창업경험 특성이 벤처기업의 자원조달과 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이전 창업경험은 외부 자원조달에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면 성과에는 유의한 영향관계를 보이지 않았다. 이전 창업경험의 세부적 특성별로 살펴보면, 이전 성공경험은 외부자원조달에만 정의 영향을 미치며, 이전 실패경험은 성과에만 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 증가하고 있는 연쇄창업자에 대한 관심이나 실패재기 지원과 같은 창업자의 이전 창업경험에 대한 이론적이고 실무적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. This paper investigates the effects of prior experience on external resource acquisition and performance. Prior experience has significant impacts on the early development process of new ventures founded by experienced entrepreneurs. There are inconclusive results on the relationships between prior founding experience and key activities and performance of new ventures. Based on the data of Korean new ventures. this paper empirically analyze these relationships of prior experience with external resource acquisition and performance. Prior experience has positive effects on external resource acquisition. Success prior experience is important for external resource acquisition. Prior experience has no significants effects on performance. For job creation, success experience has positive effects and failure experience shows negative effects. Only failure experience has negative effects on sales performance. Finally this paper suggests theoretical and practical implications of prior experience of new ventures.