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HDTV 응용을 위한 10비트 200MS/s 75.6mW 0.76mm2 65nm CMOS 파이프라인 A/D 변환기
박범수,김영주,이승훈,박승재 대한전자공학회 2009 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.46 No.3
This work proposes a 10b 200MS/s 65nm CMOS ADC for high-definition video systems such as HDTV requiring high resolution and fast operating speed simultaneously. The proposed ADC employs a four-step pipeline architecture to minimize power consumption and chip area. The input SHA based on four capacitors reduces the output signal range from 1.4Vp-p to 1.0Vp-p considering high input signal levels at a low supply voltage of 1.2V. The proposed three-stage amplifiers in the input SHA and MDAC1 overcome the low output resistance problem as commonly observed in a 65nm CMOS process. The proposed multipath frequency-compensation technique enables the conventional RNMC based three-stage amplifiers to achieve a stable operation at a high sampling rate of 200MS/s. The conventional switched-bias power-reduction technique in the sub-ranging flash ADCs further reduces power consumption while the reference generator integrated on chip with optional off-chip reference voltages allows versatile system applications. The prototype ADC in a 65nm CMOS technology demonstrates a measured DNL and INL within 0.19LSB and 0.61LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 54.8dB and 52.4dB and a maximum SFDR of 72.9dB and 64.8dB at 150MS/s and 200MS/s, respectively. The proposed ADC occupies an active die area of 0.76㎟ and consumes 75.6mW at a 1.2V supply voltage. 본 논문에서는 HDTV와 같이 고해상도 및 고속의 동작을 동시에 요구하는 고화질 영상시스템 응용을 위한 10비트 200MS/s 65nm CMOS ADC를 제안한다. 제안하는 ADC는 고속 동작에서 저전력 소면적 구현에 적합한 4단 파이프라인 구조를 기반으로 설계되었으며, 입력단 SHA 회로에서는 1.2V의 낮은 단일 전원 전압에서도 높은 입력 신호를 처리하기 위해 4개의 커패시터를 기반으로 설계하여 1.4Vp-p의 입력 신호를 ADC 내부 회로에서는 1.0Vp-p으로 낮추어 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 높은 전압이득을 갖는 증폭기를 필요로 하는 SHA와 MDAC1은 출력 임피던스가 감소하는 65nm CMOS 공정의 제약 사항을 극복하기 위해 통상적인 2단 증폭기 대신 3단 증폭기 구조를 기반으로 설계하였으며 200MS/s 높은 동작 속도를 고려하여 RNMC 및 multipath 주파수 보상기법을 추가하여 설계하였다. 전력 소모 최소화를 위해 스위치 기반의 바이어스 전력 최소화 기법을 sub-ranging flash ADC에 적용하였고, 기준 전류 및 전압 발생기를 온-칩으로 집적하는 동시에 외부에서도 인가할 수 있도록 하여 시스템 응용에 따라 선택적으로 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안하는 시제품 ADC는 65nm CMOS 공정으로 제작되었으며, 측정된 DNL 및 INL은 10비트 해상도에서 각각 최대 0.19LSB, 0.61LSB 수준을 보이며, 동적 성능으로는 150MS/s와 200MS/s의 동작 속도에서 각각 54.8dB, 52.4dB의 SNDR과 72.9dB 64.8dB의 SFDR을 보여준다. 시제품 ADC의 칩 면적은 0.76㎟이며, 1.2V 전원 전압과 200MS/s의 동작 속도에서 75.6mW의 전력을 소모한다.
고대 예서[禮書]에 나타난 예[禮]의 개념 : 가정의례의 배경과 근거를 밝히기 위한 시도로서
박범수 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1997 한국초등교육 Vol.9 No.2
In ancient China the term of Li had broad meanings. It was the foundation of all orders in cosmos. Therefore, the gods in heavens, the governors of nations and patresfamilias had to obey the L So the term of L meaned sometimes rules of property, sometimes rules of ceremonial usage Without L , there were no laws of nature, no Justices of politic societies and no morals of human lives. There were six fields in L The first was public benefit in conflict between self and others, L introduced us to public benefit The second was the method of policy to realize justices in nations Six parts of government in ancient China and Korea originated in six sides of nature, which were heaven, earth, east, west, south and north The third was the orders of nature, of society and human relations The forth was the principles of all social systems and human actions The fifth was the family code of etiquette. The sixth was self-control.
박범수,박승열 서울교육대학교 2000 한국초등교육 Vol.12 No.1
The the sacrifice service is one of the most important cultural inheritances, which only belongs th the human. Service has lasted in all ages and countries. The various forms of it are being held in the primitive societies and the civilized. In Korea, the history of service began before the age of th Three Kingdoms. Since the age of the Chosun Dynasty, it has been more diverse in type, and more complicated in procedure. To the present, on this, the improvement of service has been required, in any method. This study started with this critical mind. The summary of study is this; The first, this study annotated about the traditional sacrifice service forms based on records and literatures. The second, this study suggested the reformed contents and procedures of service appropriate to the present-day trend, retaining its original state. The third, this study suggested the service model exposed in th minimum form.