혈액형별 성격특징 고정관념 내용분석 및 정신건강과의 관계

박미란 순천대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

he objective of this study is to examine the association between stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and mental health that are regarded as a popular belief in Korean society. For this, a content analysis on the actual conditions on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and a research method for verifying the relationship with mental health have been designed. Above all, actual conditions on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group was examined with thesis and domestic paper journals, books, and Internet news articles that supported a belief in association between blood type and personality followed by analysis made on their contents. Real contents on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group revealed from a content analysis were summarized into how there were particular characteristics of personality in each of the blood types, how personality was categorized in each of the blood types, and howthere was an appropriate career-oriented personality in each blood type. In addition, some of the people were turned out to experience stress due to stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and also difficulty in establishing interpersonal relationship. In order to verify what was derived from a content analysis, two of the experimental researches were designed. First of all, a study has been designed identifying whether stereotypes of characteristics of personality in previously examined three blood types were scientifically valid. In order to verify the validity of stereotypes that personality was to be categorized in blood group, Egogram examination was conducted twice for the review. First examination was conducted on 374 middle school students, while the second examination was conducted on 253 middle school students. In addition, stereotypes of characteristics of personality (behavior) shown in blood group have been verified by analyzing the consistency rate between estimated blood types of students after having 19 teachers in charge observed words and behaviors of students in their classes for a semester and their actual blood types. Furthermore, stereotypes that there were appropriate career and occupation in blood group have been verified by comparing and reviewing the occupation recommended by blood type mania on 310 middle school students for each of the blood types and the result of IDK career exploration test of examinees. Secondly, association between stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and mental health has been verified to identify whether what was investigated for how some of the people experienced stress due to discourse in blood type and found it difficult to establish interpersonal relationship occurred in daily lives. In this experimental design, survey questionnaires for stress fromstereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group a belief on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group on 365 participants and four criteria for identifying the mental health, in other words; Interpersonal Relationship Stress Scale, Relationship Change Scale, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, and Psychological Well Being Scale were utilized analyzing the correlation between stress from stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and mental health and also between a degree of belief on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and mental health.Major results of this study are as follows. First of all, it was confirmed that there was no scientific ground on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group. In the first examination of Egogram test, the frequency of EGO type was derived examining whether there was a concentrated distribution of a certain blood type on specific EGO type. However, there was no such a result. In the 2nd examination of Egogram, whether there was a difference among five(CP, NP, A, FC, AC) Ego state scores of examinees in blood group was verified. As a result, there was no significant difference among blood types. In addition, a consistency rate between blood types of students measured after teachers in charge observed them and the actual blood types of students was examined. However, there has been a low consistency rate that no particular characteristics of personality in blood group wereconfirmed. Lastly, according to the result of identifying a consistency rate between occupation recommendation to be appropriate in blood group and the one proceeded as an outcome of IDK career exploration test, there was no difference in frequency of each blood type. Therefore, there was no appropriate career-oriented personality shown in particular occupation. Secondly, according to the result of analyzing the relationship between stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and mental health, there was a partially significant relationship on them. Scores of stress from stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group, interpersonal relationship stress, techniques for interpersonal relationship, self esteem, and psychological well being were not statistically significant according to the result of verification in blood group. In addition, there was no statistically significant correlation among stress from stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group, interpersonal relationship stress, techniques for interpersonal relationship, self esteem, and psychological well being. However, it was turned out that there was a significantly positive correlation between a degree of belief on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and stress from stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group, while there was a significantly and statistically negative correlation among interpersonal relationship techniques. In other words, the more they believed in stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group, the more likely it was for them to experience stress from stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and also less likely for them to exert interpersonal relationship techniques. In addition, among the subfactors of a degree of belief on stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group and interpersonal relationship techniques, communication, familiarity, and openness were turned out to be negatively and significantly related to each other. According to aforementioned results of the study, educational approach and review are required on the meaningful relationship between stereotypes of characteristics of personality as a popular belief and mental health. Actual conditions of researches or book publication assuming the stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group as a form of quasi-scientific personality categorization theory that is not verified with its validity and also not appropriate in personality theory as a base theory need to be avoided. Furthermore, there must be a careful and scientific approach on blood types and personality in Internet press or broadcasting network. In addition, it is recommended to conduct more practical studies regarding the influence of personality and stereotypes of characteristics of personality in blood group.

어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등 및 사회적 지지가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향 : 사회적 지지의 매개효과

박미란 중앙대학교 교육대학원 2020 국내석사

This study was conducted to investigate the general characteristics and correlations of conflict, social support, and job satisfaction of team teaching teachers in child care centers, and to investigate their respective effects and relative influences. The research questions are as follows. First, What is the tendency of the teachers' conflict, social support, and job satisfaction in the team teaching in child care centers? Second, What is the relationship between the background variables of the team teaching teachers in child care centers and the conflict, social support, and job satisfaction of the team teaching teachers? Third, What effects do the conflict and social support of teachers in team teaching at child care centers have on job satisfaction? Fourth, What is the mediating effect of social support on the effect of team teaching teachers' conflict on job satisfaction? This study was conducted from April 29, 2020 to May 8, 2020 for team teaching teachers at child care centers. Of these, 278 questionnaires were collected and 271 questionnaires were used as final analysis data for the study except for 7 questionnaires that were insincere or inappropriate. The conflict scale, social support scale, and job satisfaction scale of the team teaching teachers of child care centers were used to collect. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 statistical program and the specific analysis methods were descriptive statistics, correlation, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. In addition, to verify the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between conflict and job satisfaction of team teaching teachers in child care centers, three-step mediation regression analysis was conducted assuming by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Sobel Test was conducted to verify the significance. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the conflict of the team teaching teachers in the child care centers was slightly lower than the normal level, and the social support and job satisfaction of the team teaching teachers were slightly higher than the normal level. Second, in the correlation between general characteristics of team teaching teachers and job satisfaction, the age of teachers, the number of children, marital status, and the age of the class in charge showed a significant relationship. Third, the conflict and social support of the team teaching teachers of the child care centers were found to have a high correlation with job satisfaction. The conflict of team teaching teachers showed a significant negative correlation with all sub-variables of job satisfaction of teachers, and social support showed a significant positive correlation with all sub-variables of job satisfaction. In addition, all sub-variables of conflict and social support showed a significant negative correlation. Fourth, the conflict of the team teaching teachers, the social support of the teammates and colleagues of the child care centers had an effect on job satisfaction, and the general characteristics of the team teaching teachers that affect the job satisfaction of the team teaching teachers of the child care centers were found to be the age of the class in charge. In particular, it was predicted that the conflict of team teaching teachers could have the greatest influence on job satisfaction, but it was revealed that team colleagues and colleagues' social support had a key role in reducing the level of conflict and raising job satisfaction. Finally, social support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the conflict of team teaching teachers and job satisfaction of child care centers. This study is meaningful in that it empirically verified the fact that social support has a mediating effect between the conflict and job satisfaction of the team teaching teachers in the child care centers, and suggested the direction of support plan to increase the job satisfaction of the team teaching teachers in the child care center. 본 연구는 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등, 사회적 지지, 직무만족도의 일반적 특성과 상관관계, 각각의 영향 및 상대적 영향력을 알아보고자 수행 되었다. 본 연구를 위해 설정된 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 연구문제 1. 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등, 사회적 지지, 직무 만족도의 경향성은 어떠한가? 연구문제 2. 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 배경변인 및 팀티칭 교사의 갈등, 사회적 지지, 직무만족도의 관계는 어떠한가? 연구문제 3. 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등, 사회적 지지는 직무만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 연구문제 4. 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 지지의 매개효과는 어떠한가? 본 연구는 어린이집 팀티칭 교사들을 대상으로 2020년 4월 29일부터 5월 8까지 실시되었다. 이 중 278개의 설문지가 회수되었고 내용이 불성실하거나 부적합한 설문지 7부를 제외한 나머지 총 271부를 연구를 위한 최종 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 어린이집 팀티칭교사의 갈등척도, 사회적 지지척도, 직무만족도 척도를 사용하여 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Statistics 25.0 통계프로그램을 사용하였으며 구체적 분석방법은 기술통계, 상관관계, 다중회귀분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 어린이집 팀티칭교사의 갈등과 직무만족도의 관계에서 사회적지지의 매개효과를 검증하기 위하여 Baron과 Kenny(1986)가 가정하는 3단계 매개회귀분석을 실시하고 유의성 검증을 위해 Sobel Test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등은 보통수준보다 약간 낮은 수준으로 나타났고, 팀티칭 교사의 사회적 지지, 직무만족도는 보통수준보다 약간 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 일반적 특성과 직무만족도의 상관관계에서는 교사의 연령, 자녀 수, 결혼여부, 담당 반의 연령이 유의미한 관계를 나타냈다. 셋째, 어린이집 팀티칭교사의 갈등, 사회적 지지는 직무만족도와 높은 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 팀티칭 교사의 갈등은 교사들의 직무만족도 모든 하위 변인과 유의한 부적 상관관계를 나타냈고 사회적 지지는 직무만족도 모든 하위 변인과 유의한 정적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 갈등과 사회적 지지 모든 하위 변인은 유의한 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 넷째, 어린이집 팀티칭교사의 갈등, 팀동료 및 동료의 사회적 지지가 직무 만족도에 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 직무만족도에 영향을 주는 팀티칭 교사의 일반적 특성은 담당 반의 연령으로 나타났다. 특히 팀티칭 교사의 갈등은 직무만족도에 가장 큰 영향력을 미칠 수 있음을 예측 할 수 있었으나 팀동료 및 동료의 사회적 지지는 갈등 수준을 줄이고 직무만족을 높이는데 핵심적 역할이 있음을 밝혔다. 마지막으로 어린이집의 팀티칭 교사의 갈등과 직무만족도와의 관계에서 사회적지지는 부분 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 갈등과 직무만족도 사이에서 사회적 지지가 매개효과를 발휘하는 사실을 실증적으로 검증하여, 어린이집 팀티칭 교사의 직무만족도를 높일 수 있는 지원 방안의 방향성을 제시했다는 점에 의의를 둘 수 있다.

전문직 정체성이 직무만족 및 소진에 미치는 영향

박미란 중앙대학교 행정대학원 2020 국내석사

This study examined the level of professional identity of employees in youth shelters, and then verified its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout. In addition, the author looked into the relationship between the level of professional identity, according to personal characteristics (demographic features), and job environment-oriented burnout and job satisfaction, thus presenting the improvement strategy for the job environment of employees in youth shelters. For this, a questionnaire survey of employees who were firsthand in charge of youth department in 62 youth shelters (including youth care centers) in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon was conducted. Out of collected responses, data of 126 respondents were statistically processed using R Program-based reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and mediation analysis. Study findings are as follows: First, the results of descriptive analysis on the professional identity, job satisfaction and burnout of employees in youth shelters presented that the mean of professional identity is 4.01 (SD=0.36); the mean of burnout is 2.61 (SD=0.72); and the mean of job satisfaction is 3.62 (SD=0.85). Second, among demographic features, the perception of professional identity was higher in employees who were singles and highly educated, who had more than two certificates, and who worked for a longer period in youth shelters, than their counterparts. Third, there was significantly positive correlations between professional identity and job satisfaction. In other words, professional identity was higher, job satisfaction was higher. Fourth, there was significantly negative correlations between professional identity and burnout. In other words, professional identity was higher, job satisfaction was lower. Fifth, job satisfaction considerably reduced the effect on professional identity and burnout in the relationship between the professional identity and burnout of employees in youth shelters. Since the effect of professional identity on burnout was significant, professional identity seemed to have a partial mediation effect. Based on the above study findings, the author suggests that, in order to improve the professional identity of employees in youth shelters, it is necessary to create a job environment with which they can work for a longer period; secure their autonomy, a sub-variable of professional identity; and carry out studies on employees in youth shelters, in addition to the follow-up studies of this study. 본 연구는 청소년쉼터 종사자의 전문직 정체성 수준 연구를 통해 직무만족, 소진과의 영향과의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 개인적 특성(인구사회학적 요인)에 따른 전문직 정체성 수준과 직무환경에서 발생하는 소진과 직무만족과의 관계 분석을 통해 청소년쉼터 종사자의 직무환경 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위하여 서울, 경기, 인천지역에 위치한 청소년쉼터(자립관 포함)한 62개 쉼터 종사자 중 청소년과 직접업무를 수행하는 종사자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료 중 총 126부를 R 프로그램을 활용하여 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계분석, 분산분석, 상관분석, 회귀분석, 매개분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년쉼터 종사자의 전문직정체성, 소진, 직무만족에 대한 기술통계분석을 실시한 결과, 전문직정체성은 평균은 4.01(표준편차 0.36)로, 소진은 평균 2.61(표준편차 0.72), 직무만족은 평균 3.62(표준편차 0.85)로 나타났다. 둘째, 인구사회학적 특성 중 미혼보다는 기혼일 경우, 학력수준이 높아질수록, 자격증을 2종 이상 보유할 경우, 청소년쉼터 근무기한이 높아질수록 전문직 정체성의 인지가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전문직 정체성과 직무만족은 유의미한 긍정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 전문직 정체성이 높으면 직무만족도 높아지게 된다. 넷째, 전문직 정체성과 소진은 유의미한 부정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 전문직 정체성이 높을수록 소진은 낮게 나타난다. 다섯째, 청소년쉼터 종사자의 전문직 정체성과 소진과의 관계에서 직무만족은 전문직 정체성과 소진에 미치는 영향을 상당부분 감소시켰으며, 소진에 대한 전문직 정체성의 영향력이 유의미한 것으로 나타나 부분 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 청소년쉼터 종사자의 전문직 정체성에 향상을 위한 장기간 근무할 수 있는 환경조성, 전문직 정체성인 하위요인 자율성 확보, 청소년쉼터 종사자에 관한 연구에 대한 필요성에 대한 시사점과 후속연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

‘싱글족’ 관객개발을 위한 마케팅 방안 연구

박미란 중앙대학교 예술대학원 2010 국내석사

Living alone is no longer a special lifestyle in modern times. This phenomenon is closely related to the rapid increase of 'single folks' due to the social tolerance toward singles, individualistic disposition, resistance to the patriarchal family system, women's economical independence and self-awareness, older marriage age, increase of divorce, decrease of remarriage and change of lifestyles. Different from the trend in the past in which singles were disregarded due to their going against the economies of scale or taken into account lastly, the rapid increase of single folks has come to the front as the leading part of consumption for the present. And in order to attract single folks, domestic and overseas business enterprises and marketing specialists have launched such products and services as agreeable to the tastes of single folks. In this vein, it seems to be important to take into account the characteristics of single folks who take the lead in the trend of consumption from the aspects of the characteristics of domestic performing art circles of which audience infrastructure is vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to examine the marketing strategy for the development of 'single folk' audience by sampling and classifying singles whose growth rate was remarkable qualitatively and quantitatively from the aspect of developing audience, finding out their pattern-oriented needs and discriminated marketing strategies, and then analyzing the factor of one person-one ticket of 'living-alone folks' whose potential of being developed into audience was great. For this, the investigator carried out a questionnaire survey and then drew out the characteristics and dispositions of single folks by their patterns: As for the pattern of contra-sexual single folks, women at the ages of 26~30 occupied the greatest part. 84.2% of them were graduates from universities or above. The income of 24.7% of them was 1,510,000~2,000,000 won and women whose income was 2,510,000~3,000,000 won occupied 28.8% of them. In addition, the contra-sexual women pursued a variety of lifestyles indiscriminately, but their interests in economical activities, such as investment techniques and shopping, were lower. Comparing to other patterns of women, their motives of seeing performances for social participation and cultural life were higher. To the question of their firsthand experience of seeing performances, their positive answer was 38.3% and it was next to that of 'living-alone folks.' And to the question 'whether they have intention to see performances alone or not', their positive answer was 65.5%. As for the pattern of metro-sexual single folks, women at the ages of 26~30 occupied the greatest part as well. About 69.8% of them were graduates from universities or above. The income of 28.6% of them was 1,510,000~2,000,000 won and women whose income was 2,510,000~3,000,000 won occupied 20.4% of them. In addition, the metro-sexual women pursued meeting with people and enjoyed shopping via various media, but their use extent of the Internet and interests in economical activities were lower. As for the number of seeing performances, they saw it once or twice in every three months and it was not much different from other patterns of women. To the question of their firsthand experience of seeing performances, their positive answer was 20.6% and it was lower than those of other patterns of women. However, for the reason of seeing performances alone, their preferring or enjoying it was a little higher than those of other patterns of women. And to the question 'whether they have intention to see performances alone or not', their positive answer was 52.5%. As for the pattern of 'living-alone folks', women at the ages of 26~30 occupied the greatest part as well. About 75.0% of them were graduates from universities or above. The income of 26.1% of them was 2,510,000~3,000,000 won and women whose income was below 1,000,000 won occupied 21.7% of them, thus presenting their income gap was great. In addition, 'living-alone folks' attached great importance not to others' standpoints but to their own wills. They preferred not interacting with others or doing the Internet but enjoying leisure times alone. They could be defined as the group whose interests in economical and consumptive activities, such as shopping and investment techniques, were lower. However, the remarkable characteristics of 'living-alone folks' were their higher interests and participation in performing art. To the question of their firsthand experience of seeing performances alone, their positive answer was 41.7%. And to the question 'whether they have intention to see performances alone or not', their positive answer was 85.7%, thus presenting the highest rate among all the patterns of single folks. As for the pattern of para-single folks, women at the ages of 26~30 occupied the greatest part as well. About 85.2% of them were graduates from universities or above. No income women occupied 21.5% and the income of 21.5% of them was 2,010,000~2,500,000 won (the highest), thus presenting their income gap was great. In addition, their pursuits of enjoying leisure times alone or interacting with others were lower, but they attached great importance not to others' standpoints but to their own wills and their interests in economical activities and shopping were higher. To the question of their firsthand experience of seeing performances alone, their positive answer was low by 26.6%. But to the question 'whether they have intention to see performances alone or not', their positive answer was 64.8%, thus presenting higher intention of seeing performances alone. In addition, the para-single women seemed to attach great importance to the fame of performers and producers, the awareness of locations and traffic convenience. Based on above study findings, the investigator present following activation strategies of seeing performances and marketing strategies of developing potential audience for one person-one ticket: First, in order to activate single folks' seeing performances, the online marketing must be reinforced. Single folks are the first generation of the Internet and get accustomed to digital culture. Since their main channel to acquire information on performing art was the Internet (43.5%) in this study, the online marketing seems to be more effective in exposing them to the information on performing art than other media. Therefore, the marketing of performing art must be carried out via mini homepages, blogs, UCC and single folk-related online cafes in a new and striking manner and needs the strategy of activation of online and offline communities. Second, it is necessary to make the most of the smart phone. As the iPhone has been on the market domestically, the smart phone-oriented marketing overflows not only in business enterprises but also in the entertainment market. In this vein, the circles of performing art must perceive the importance of the smart phone and work out diverse marketing strategies by making the most of it. Third, it is necessary to introduce a club membership-oriented marketing strategy. It is based on such a technique as paying annual fees and buying tickets in advance, like general members. But it is a more discriminated membership system in that this marketing strategy provides some membership privileges with which members can feel special values which are better than the service of discount. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a joint marketing strategy with other business enterprises. It is necessary to carry out public relations and joint marketing with social clubs in which single folks are densely populated. In addition, the joint marketing with credit card companies and communication companies seems to be effective. Fifth, it is necessary to develop a variety of time zones for performances. By taking into account single folks' various lifestyles, a variety of time zones for performance, such as lunch-time performance or midnight performance, must be developed. As for the marketing strategy to develop potential audience for one person-one ticket, the investigator presents follows: First, it is necessary to establish exclusive seats for single folks and single folk days. In this study, 66.3% of respondents had the intention of 'seeing performances alone.' This finding seems to show the fact that such a marketing strategy as developing potential audience for one person-one ticket is necessary and the establishment of exclusive seats for single folks and single folk days is effective. Second, it is necessary to develop a convenient booking system of tickets. In this study, single folks interviewed regarded buying tickets in advance as a nuisance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a text message-oriented booking service and establish a mobile phone payment service. Third, it is necessary to establish a price discount-oriented marketing strategy. In this study, all the patterns of single folks were positive in the price discount. Therefore, it is necessary to discount prices via the sales strategy of exclusive seats for single folks, a package sale strategy of two products, and a joint purchase strategy via online and offline communities. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a strategy for the carrying out of event-like performances. For such single folks who want a more special experience, it is necessary to establish dress code designation events and post-performance parties. For such single folks who want more realistic and practical events, it is necessary to carry out joint events that are related to single folks' interests. 오늘날 우리는 혼자 사는 것이 더 이상 특별한 삶이 아닌 시대에 살고 있다. 이는 독신에 대한 사회적 관대함, 개인주의 성향, 가부장적 가족주의에 대한 반발, 여성의 경제적 자립 및 의식화, 결혼연령의 고령화, 이혼자의 증가와 재혼율의 저하, 라이프스타일의 변화 등의 요인으로 '싱글족'이 급증하기 때문이다. 싱글족의 급증은 과거 규모의 경제에 어긋난다는 이유로 외면당하거나 가장 나중에 배려되었던 때와는 달리 현 시대의 소비주역으로 부상하게 되었다. 그리고 싱글족을 붙잡기 위해 국내․외 기업들과 마케팅전문가들은 싱글족의 구미에 맞는 제품 및 서비스들을 내놓고 있다. 이렇게 소비의 트렌드를 이루고 있는 싱글족을 관객기반이 취약한 국내 공연예술계와 맞물려 생각하지 않을 수 없다. 본 연구는 관객개발 측면에서 질적 · 양적으로 활발한 성장세를 보이고 있는 싱글족을 타깃으로 선정하고 더욱 세분화시켜 그 유형별 니즈를 파악해 그에 따른 차별화 된 마케팅 방안과 잠재관객 개발의 가능성이 충분한 ‘나홀로족’의 1인 1티켓의 요인분석을 통해 관객개발을 위한 마케팅 방안을 제안하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구자는 우선 설문조사 결과를 토대로 싱글족 유형별 특성 및 성향을 다음과 같이 도출해 냈다. 콘트라섹슈얼유형은 26~30세의 연령대가 가장 많게 나타났고 대졸이상이 84.2% 정도로 고학력자가 많고 수입은 151~200만 원이 24.7%로 가장 많지만 251~300만 원 이상의 소득자도 28.8%로 고소득자가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 콘트라섹슈얼은 ‘다양한 라이프스타일을 골고루 추구하지만, 재테크와 쇼핑 등 경제적 활동은 여유가 있거나 혹은 관심이 적어서 낮은 집단’이라고 나타났으며, 관람동기에서 다른 유형에 비해 사회참여동기와 문화생활의 부분이 높게 나왔다. 혼자 공연을 본 경험이 있느냐는 질문에는 ‘있다’가 38.3%로 나홀로족 다음으로 높았으며, 혼자 볼 의향이 있느냐는 질문에는 65.5%가 ‘예’라고 답했다. 메트로섹슈얼유형은 26~30세의 연령대가 가장 많게 나타났고 대졸이상이 69.8% 정도이며, 수입은 151~200만 원이 28.6%로 가장 많지만 251~300만 원 이상의 소득자도 20.4%로 메트로섹슈얼 유형은 고소득자의 수도 많음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 메트로섹슈얼은 ‘사람들과의 만남을 추구하며, 다양한 매체를 통해 쇼핑을 즐기는 정도가 높으나 인터넷 사용도는 낮고 재테크를 하려는 의향도 낮은 집단’으로 정의할 수 있다. ‘공연예술 관람횟수’에 대한 문항에서 다른 유형과 크게 차이나지 않은 3개월에 1~2회 관람하는 정도였다. 또한 혼자 공연을 본 경험이 있느냐는 질문에는 ‘있다’가 20.6%로 다른 유형에 비해 상대적으로 낮았지만, 혼자 공연을 보는 이유에서는 공연을 좋아해서, 혼자 즐기려고 라는 이유가 다른 싱글족 유형보다 조금 더 높게 나타났다. 혼자 볼 의향이 있느냐는 질문에는 52.5%가 ‘예’라고 답했다. 나홀로족유형은 26~30세의 연령대가 가장 많게 나타났고, 대졸이상이 75.0% 정도로 고학력자가 많고, 수입은 251~300만 원이 26.1%로 가장 많지만, 100만 원 이하의 소득자도 21.7%로 두 번째로 많아 나홀로족에서도 소득격차가 보임을 알 수 있다. 그리고 나홀로족은 ‘남의 시선보다는 자신의 의지를 중시하며, 타인과의 교류나 인터넷 등보다는 혼자 여가를 즐기려는 의향이 높고, 쇼핑이나 재테크의 소비 및 경제적 활동에 관심이 적은 집단'이라고 정의할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 나홀로족의 분석결과 중 주목해야 할 부분은 공연예술에 매우 높은 흥미와 참여도를 갖고 있다는 것이다. 혼자 공연을 본 경험이 있느냐는 질문에 ‘있다’가 41.7%, 혼자 볼 의향이 있느냐는 질문에 85.7%가 ‘예’라고 답해 싱글족 유형 중 가장 높게 나타났다. 패러싱글족유형 또한 26~30세의 연령대가 가장 많게 나타났고, 대졸이상이 85.2% 정도로 고학력자가 많고, 수입 없음의 응답이 21.5%, 201-250만 원 수입대도 21.5%로 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 이는 패러싱글족에서의 소득격차가 매우 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 패러싱글족은 ‘혼자 여가를 즐기거나 혹은 타인과의 교류를 추구하는 수준은 낮으나 남의 시선보다 자신의 의지를 중시하며, 경제적 활동과 쇼핑에 대한 관심은 높은 집단’이라고 말할 수 있다. 혼자 공연을 본 경험이 있느냐는 질문에 ‘있다’가 26.6%,로 낮았지만, 혼자 볼 의향이 있느냐는 질문에 64.8%가 ‘예’라고 답해 혼자 볼 의향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 패러싱글족은 다른 유형에 비해 출연제작진 유명도, 행사개최 장소 유명도, 교통의 편의성, 편의시설에 대한 중요성을 크게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 싱글족유형의 특성과 성향을 바탕으로 도출한 싱글족 공연관람 활성화 방안과 1인1티켓을 위한 잠재관객개발 마케팅방안의 요약은 다음과 같다. 싱글족 공연관람 활성화 방안 중 첫 번째, 온라인 마케팅 강화 방안이다.싱글족은 인터넷 1세대이며 디지털문화에 익숙한 세대이다. 이는 본 연구에서 공연예술 정보 획득경로를 묻는 문항에서 인터넷이 43.5%로 가장 높게 나와 싱글족에게 온라인을 이용한 마케팅은 다른 매체에 비해 더 많이 노출시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여 준다. 따라서 미니홈피, 블로그, UCC, 그리고 온라인의 싱글족 관련 카페를 통해 참신한 방법으로 홍보해야하며, 온․오프라인 커뮤니티 활성화전략이 필요하다. 두 번째, 스마트폰의 활용이다. 국내에 아이폰이 출시되면서 기업은 물론 엔터테인먼트시장에까지 스마트폰을 활용한 마케팅이 쏟아져 나왔다. 공연예술계도 시대의 흐름과 맞게 스마트폰활용의 중요성을 인식하고 다양한 마케팅 전략의 필요성을 제시하였다. 세 번째, 클럽회원제 도입에 관한 마케팅 방안이다. 일반 회원제처럼 연회비를 지불하고 티켓을 예매하는 방식이지만 좀 더 차별화된 회원제이다. 할인의 서비스보다 특별한 가치를 느낄 수 있는 회원 특전을 제공한다. 네 번째, 타 회사와의 연계마케팅 방안이다. 싱글족이 밀집해 있는 사교클럽에 홍보 및 공동마케팅 추진의 필요성을 제시하고, 신용카드사, 통신사 공동마케팅추진에 관한 효과를 제시하였다. 다섯 번째, 다양한 시간대 개발 방안이다. 싱글족의 각양각색의 라이프스타일에 맞춰 점심시간을 이용한 공연, 심야공연 등 다양한 시간대 개발의 필요성을 제시하였다. 1인 1티켓을 위한 잠재관객개발 마케팅방안 중 첫 번째, 싱글전용좌석, 싱글데이 마련에 관한 방안이다. 본 연구에서 ‘혼자 공연 볼 의향'에 대해서 66.3%가 있다고 응답하였다. 이는 1인 1티켓 관객에 대한 관객개발 마케팅의 필요성을 인식하고 싱글전용좌석과 싱글데이 마련의 효과적인 방법을 제시하였다. 두 번째, 편리한 티켓예매 서비스 개발 방안이다. 이는 설문지 문항 작성을 위한 인터뷰 시 싱글족이 공연티켓을 예매하는 것을 귀찮게 생각 하는 것을 발견하고, 문자예매서비스 개발, 휴대폰 결제서비스 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. 세 번째, 가격할인제도에 관한 마케팅 방안이다. 본 연구의 가격할인 관련 조사결과에서 싱글족의 모든 유형이 긍정적인 수치를 보여 필요성을 느끼고, 싱글좌석 티켓 할인 판매전략, 두 가지의 패키지상품전략, 온․오프라인 커뮤니티를 통한 공동구매 전략을 제시하였다. 네 번째, 이벤트성 행사 진행 전략 방안이다. 이 방안은 좀 더 특별한 경험을 원하는 싱글족을 위해 드레스코드 지정이벤트와 공연 뒤 파티행사진행에 관한 전략을 제시하였고, 현실적이고 실리적인 이벤트를 원하는 싱글족을 위해 싱글족 관심분야 연계 이벤트 진행에 관한 전략을 제시하였다.

외국인 유학생의 소셜 미디어 이용을 통한 사회자본 형성과 한국 사회 적응

박미란 중앙대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

본 연구의 주된 목적은 외국인 유학생의 소셜 미디어 이용을 통한 사회자본의 형성이 유학생들의 한국 사회 적응에 미치는 효과를 살펴보는 것이었다. 특히 유학생의 소셜 미디어 이용을 통한 연결망 유형에 따라 그 효과가 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 이는 최근 온라인 커뮤니케이션의 대표적인 채널로 대중화 된 소셜 미디어의 실제적인 영향력을 규명할 수 있기 때문이다. 사회자본을 연결망과 연결망이 배태한 자원이라는 측면으로 구분하여 보았으며, 결속적 연결망과 교량적 연결망이라는 두 가지 유형의 연결망과 정서적 지지와 정보적 지지로 구분되는 사회적 지지가 어떻게 연결되는지를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 또 연결망의 유형에 따라 다르게 나타나는 사회자본의 효과로 유학생의 사회 적응에 미치는 영향을 보는 것이 필요하다고 보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 총 10개의 연구가설을 설정하였고 외국인 유학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 유학생의 소셜 미디어 이용은 결속적 연결망의 형성과 교량적 연결망의 형성에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문화 간 커뮤니케이션 능력 역시 교량적 연결망의 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결속적 연결망의 형성은 가설로 도출되지 않았지만 유의미한 영향을 준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 소셜 미디어 이용을 통한 연결망 유형과 사회적 지지의 관계를 알아보기 위한 분석 결과 정서적 지지의 획득에 결속적 연결망과 교량적 연결망 모두 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 정보적 지지의 획득에도 결속적 연결망과 교량적 연결망 모두 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 소셜 미디어를 통한 사회적 지지의 획득에는 결속적 연결망만 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 교량적 연결망은 유의미한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 유학생의 한국 사회 적응에는 결속적 연결망을 통한 사회적 지지의 획득이 유의미한 영향력을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 교량적 연결망이 직접적으로 영향을 준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 외국인 유학생의 소셜 미디어 이용을 통한 교량적 연결망이 한국 사회 적응에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 즉 소셜 미디어를 이용하는 과정에서 자신과 다른 이질적인 배경을 가진 사람들과 연결망이 형성될 경우 한국 사회에 적응하는데 도움이 된다는 것이다. The focus of this research was the influence of foreign students' social capital by social media use on the social adaptation in Korea. In particular, this study tried to explore the role of the social capital's effect by networks type and investigate the empirical implication of social media. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship of networks type and social support type. The social capital was divided in networks and resources in the networks. Also, the networks were divided in the bonding networking and bridging networking and the social support types were divided in the emotional support and informational support. This study investigated the different effects of those on foreign students' social adaptation as social capital's influence according to network types. In this perspective, this article established the 10 research hypotheses and fulfilled survey to foreign students. The results are in the following. First, the foreign students' social media uses had significant influences upon the bonding networking and bridging networking. The inter-cultural communication competence was indicated to have the positive influence on the bridging networking. The bonding networking wasn't influenced by the inter-cultural communication competence. As a result of the analysis about relationship of the networks type and social support, the bonding networking and the bridging networking were indicated to have influence upon both the emotional support and the informational support. The bonding networking had significant influence upon the social support but the bridging networking hadn`t. The social support by the bridging networking was indicated to have influence on social adaptation in Korea but the bonding networking wasn't. Those results imply that the bridging networking by foreign students' social media uses was indicated to have positive influence upon the social adaptation in Korea. The foreign students' networking of a different background was helpful to the social adaptation in the process of using social media.

Degradable polyethylenimine-alt-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers as novel gene carriers

박미란 서울대학교 대학원 2005 국내석사

Injectable, biodegradable, and thermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel for a sustained protein delivery

박미란 서울대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

공기 중 톨루엔이 아토피피부염 환자의 피부 장벽에 미치는 영향

박미란 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2015 국내석사

연구목적: 최근 실내에서 보내는 시간이 늘어나며 실내 환경 오염이 아토피피부염에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실내 환경 오염 물질의 하나인 톨루엔이 아토피피부염 환자의 피부 장벽에 미치는 영향에 대해 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 만 5세 이상 18세 이하의 아토피피부염 환자군(n=32)과 아토피피부염이 없는 정상군(n=15)을 대상으로 톨루엔 유발 검사를 시행하였다. 오른쪽 전완 앞쪽의 병변이 없는 2개의 부위에 각각 clean air 와 톨루엔 가스를 노출시킨 후 노출 전, 노출 1시간 및 2시간 후의 경피수분소실도(transepidermal water loss, TEWL)와 피부의 pH, 각질층수분함유도를 측정하였다. 시간에 따른 변화율을 측정하고 각 수치의 비교를 위해 Wilcoxon signed rank test와 Mann-Whitney U test를 사용하였다. 연구결과: TEWL은 환자군에서 placebo와 톨루엔 유발 시 모두 증가하였다(P<0.05). 피부의 pH는 환자군과 정상군에서 placebo로 유발했을 때와 톨루엔으로 유발했을 때 모두 유의한 변화가 없었다. 환자군과 정상군 모두 톨루엔 유발 시 각질층수분함유도가 유의하게 감소하였다 (P<0.05). 변화율은 TEWL, skin pH에서는 환자군과 정상군 모두에서 placebo 와 톨루엔 유발 시 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 각질층수분함유도는 정상군에서 placebo보다 톨루엔으로 유발 시 변화율이 더 컸으며(4.2%증가 vs. 6.7% 감소, P<0.05) 환자군에서도 placebo보다 톨루엔으로 유발했을 때 변화율이 의미 있게 컸다. (0.8% 감소 vs. 14.4% 감소, P<0.05) 정상군과 환자군 간의 톨루엔 유발 시 각질층 수분 함유도 변화율의 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 또한 환자군에서 아토피피부염의 가족력이 있는 경우 톨루엔 유발 시 TEWL의 변화율이 더 컸다. (P<0.05) 결론: 공기 중 톨루엔은 정상군과 아토피피부염 환자군에서 모두 피부 장벽의 상태를 악화시킨다. 그러나 비병변 부위의 유발검사에서 공기 중 톨루엔이 정상군에 비해 아토피피부염 환자군의 피부 장벽 기능에 더 영향을 미치지는 않는다. Objective: To control atopic dermatitis (AD), proving the relationship of air pollutants and AD is important. This study is to evaluate the effect of airborne toluene to skin barrier function in children with AD. Methods: We enrolled patient aged 5-18 with AD and normal healthy children. Provocation test was performed by stimulating 2 different areas of normal-appearing skin on the forearm with airborne toluene and placebo. We measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH and water content of stratum corneum at baseline, 1 and 2 hours of exposure, and calculated percentage change from baseline. Datas were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Test was performed to the 32 AD patients and 15 controls. The level of TEWL was elevated in AD group after exposure 2 hours to both toluene and placebo. Skin pH showed no significant change to both toluene and placebo in both group. The level of water content of stratum corneum lowered after 2 hours exposure to toluene in both AD group and control group (P <0.05). The percentage change of water content of stratum corneum was higher when exposure to toluene than placebo in both group. There are no significant differences between AD group and control group. The percentage change of TEWL was higher when exposure to toluene in AD with family history of AD (P <0.05). Conclusion: Toluene exposure causes skin barrier dysfunction in both control and AD patient, but not prominent in AD.

VaR 모형의 적정성 평가

박미란 서울대학교 대학원 2002 국내석사

모시잎이 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐의 지질대사 개선 및 항비만 효과에 미치는 영향

박미란 조선대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ramie(Boehmeria nivea) leaves powder on improvement of lipid metabolism on serum, liver and adipose tissue, and anti-obesity effect in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemic and obese model rat. It was also conducted to investigate the major chemical components of dried ramie leaves. The proximate compositions of ramie leaves powder as dry matter basis were 5.42% of moisture content, 28.15% of crude protein, 6.95% of crude fat, 15.27% of crude ash, 39.66% of dietary fiber and 4.55% of carbohydrate, respectively. The major free sugars were identified as glucose, galactose and lactose. Analysing total amino acids, 17 kinds of components were isolated from ramie leaves. The essential amino acid contained in ramie leaves accounted for 44.65% of total amino acid, while the non-essential amino acid accounted for 55.35%. Analysing free amino acids, 25 kinds of components were isolated from ramie leaves. The essential amino acid contained in ramie leaves accounted for 18.15% of free amino acid, while the non-essential amino acid accounted for 81.85%. Analysing fatty acids, only 2 kinds of caproic acid methyl ester and pentadecanoic acid were detected. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were 0.0194 mg%, 0.0184 mg% and 0.1833 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of dried ramie leaves were greater in order of Cu<Zn<Fe<Mn<Na<Mg<K<Ca. Succinic acid was the major organic acids. The results of effects of ramie leaves powder on improvement of lipid metabolism on serum, liver and adipose tissue, and anti-obesity effect in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diet were as follows; Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 203∼212 g, were assigned to four groups according to dietary fat levels (10% or 20% of diet wt.), cholesterol level (0.1% of diet wt.) and ramie leaves powder levels (5% or 10% of diet wt.). Experimental groups were normal diet group (N), high fat-high cholesterol diet group (HFC), high fat-high cholesterol diet with 5% ramie leaves powder group (HFC-RL) and high fat-high cholesterol diet with 10% ramie leaves powder group (HFC-RH). The body weight gain and FER were increased by a high fat-high cholesterol diet, but gradually decreased in the ramie leaves powder fed groups compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in HFC groups compared with N group. The liver index of HFC group was the highest among the four groups, although the difference was not significant compared with ramie leaves powder fed groups. The adipose tissues weight of HFC group were heavier than that of N group, whereas those of groups administered ramie leaves powder were gradually decreased. The activity of ALP was no difference between HFC group, but the serum ALT and LDH activities were significantly decreased after ramie leaves powder administration. Levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor tended to be decreased in the ramie leaves powder fed groups compared with HFC group, while the serum HDL-cholesterol level decreased in the HFC group and markedly increased in the ramie leaves powder fed groups. Levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in liver were significantly lower in ramie leaves powder administered groups than in HFC group. Levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in adipose tissues were also lower in ramie leaves powder administered groups than in HFC group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL (TE-LPL) in adipose tissues were increased in HFC group than that of N group, but those of ramie leaves powder administered groups were significantly decreased. These results suggest that ramie leaves powder may improve lipid metabolism of serum, liver and adipose tissue and potentially reduce lipid storage.