蔚山 鐵ㆍ重石 鑛床 의 成因

Ki Hwa Park(朴箕和),Hee In Park(朴喜寅) 대한자원환경지질학회 1980 자원환경지질 Vol.13 No.2

The Ulsan mine is one of the largest contact metasomatic magnetite and scheelite deposits in the southeastern part of Korea. Mineralization at the Ulsan mine is localized along the contact between upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and age unknown limestone which were intruded by 58 m.y. -old biotite-horndlende granite. General zonal sequence of skarn toward crystalline limestone from limestone-volcanics contact is grandite, grandite-salite and salite zones. On the otherhand volcanics origin skarns exhibits zonal sequences toward hornfels from boundary with limestone is garnet, garnet-epidote, and epidote zone. Compositions of garnets and clinopyro xenes are determined by the X-ray diffraction and reflective indecies. Local brecciation of these early skarns were followed by formation of the later skarn as zoned patches, breccia fillings and cross-cutting veins. Paragenetic sequence of late skarn minerals which is exhibited in the zoned patches and veins is an overlapping progression with time from andradite through hedenbergite or actinolite, quartz to calcite deposition. Magnetite metallization followed early formed skarns and pyrite pyrrhoite, sphalerite, galena, tennantite, scheelite and arsenopyrite deposition were simultaneously with hedenbergite, quartz and calcite of late skarn. Filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in calcites range from 160° to 280℃.

A Layered Felsic Diatreme near Weolseong, Kyeongsang Nam Do, Korea

박기화,김선억,Park, Ki-Hwa,Kim, Seon-Eok The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.4

경주(慶州) 남부(南部) 2.8km 지점에는 치술령 화산암층이 분포하며, 이 화산암층 보다 후기에 분출 형성된 distreme이 있다. diatreme은 지름이 1.2km의 원형의 화구로서 화산쇄설물로 충진 되어 있다. 이 화산 쇄설물은 proximal ballistic fall deposits로서 층리를 보여주며, 각 층은 상당히 두껍고 특징적으로 많은 양의 accretionary lapilli가 함유되어 있다. 이러한 특징은 시추에 의해 지표 하부 650m가지 확인되었다. 이러한 특징으로 보아 diatreme은 규장질 magma에 많은 양의 물이 유입되는 환경에서 연속인 분출 활동을 하였음을 의미하고, 화산 활동 기간 중에 연속적으로 화산쇄설물이 퇴적 및 침강 하였음을 의미한다. The Weolseong diatreme crops out about 28km south of Kyeongju City, Korea. The diatreme is a circular shaped volcanic vent, 1.2km in diameter, that formed subaerially, probably by phreatomagmatic (phreatoplinian) eruptions of Tertiary age. The rocks occupying the display well developed layering produced by base surge and proximal ba11istic fall. Accretionary lapilli are a common component. The rocks comprise tuff breccia and fine-grained rock derived from the vent walls. This sequence has undergone subsidence of at least over 650m. Most explanations for the presence of bedded tuffs at considerable depths within a volcanic pipe involve subsidence. Comparable amount of subsidence are recorded in many diatremes in other parts of the world. The ore body is distinctly circular and funnel shaped in center of diatreme. The vent area of diatreme served as channel ways for the mineralized hydrothermal fluids.

Ash-Flow Tuffs of the Chisulryoung Volcanic Formation and Associated Welded Tuff Instrusion, Weolseong District, Southern Korea

박기화,김선억,Park, Ki Hwa,Kim, Seon Eok The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.2

치술령 지역(地域)에 분포(分布)하는 화산암(火山岩)은 Ash flow tuff, intrusive welded tuff 및 Diatreme으로 세분(細分)된다. 제삼기(第三紀) 초기(初期)에 분출(噴出)한 Ash flow tuff는 6개(個)의 층(層)(Member)으로 구분(區分)되고, 각층(各層)(Member)의 암상(岩相) 변화(變化)는 암주형(岩柱型)의 Intrusive welded tuff가 화산(火山) 분출(噴出) 화구(火口)였음을 암시(暗示)한다. The Chisulryoung Volcanic Formation comprises a thick sequence of pyroclastic flow deposits. Six members are distinguished, each representing separate flow units, comprising weakly to intensely welded acidic tuffs. A stock of welded acidic tuff, 1 km in diameter, intrudes hornblende granodiorite and sediments of Late Cretaceous age and the lower part of the Chisulryoung Volcanic Tuff Formation and may represent the vent through which the upper flows of the Chisulryoug Volcanic Formation were erupted.

울산(蔚山) 철(鐵)·중석(重石) 광상(鑛床)의 성인(成因)

박기화,박희인,Park, Ki Hwa,Park, Hee-In 대한자원환경지질학회 1980 자원환경지질 Vol.13 No.2

The Ulsan mine is one of the largest contact metasomatic magnetite and scheelite deposits in the southeastern part of Korea. Mineralization at the Ulsan mine is localized along the contact between upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and age unknown limestone which were intruded by 58 m.y. -old biotite-horndlende granite. General zonal sequence of skarn toward crystalline limestone from limestone-volcanics contact is grandite, grandite-salite and salite zones. On the otherhand volcanics origin skarns exhibits zonal sequences toward hornfels from boundary with limestone is garnet, garnet-epidote, and epidote zone. Compositions of garnets and clinopyro xenes are determined by the X-ray diffraction and reflective indecies. Local brecciation of these early skarns were followed by formation of the later skarn as zoned patches, breccia fillings and cross-cutting veins. Paragenetic sequence of late skarn minerals which is exhibited in the zoned patches and veins is an overlapping progression with time from andradite through hedenbergite or actinolite, quartz to calcite deposition. Magnetite metallization followed early formed skarns and pyrite pyrrhoite, sphalerite, galena, tennantite, scheelite and arsenopyrite deposition were simultaneously with hedenbergite, quartz and calcite of late skarn. Filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in calcites range from $160^{\circ}$ to $280^{\circ}C$.

여러 가지 LED를 처리한 전지유, 무지방 우유, LTLT, UHT, HTST 처리 우유의 휘발성분 패턴 분석

김기화,홍은정,박수지,강지원,노봉수,Kim, Ki-Hwa,Hong, Eun-Jeung,Park, Sue-Jee,Kang, Jee-Won,Noh, Bong-Soo 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 우유의 지방산패가 특정 파장에 의해 변화되는 것을 토대로 어떠한 파장이 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위하여 전지유, 무지방 우유와 LTLT, HTST, UHT 처리한 우유를 대상으로 각기 다른 파장의 LED로 처리한 후 이들의 휘발성분 생성패턴을 6일 동안 저장하면서 MS-전자코로 분석하였다. 전자코를 통해 얻어진 데이터는 판별함수분석을 통해 분석하였다. 우유의 종류별로 전지유는 파란색 파장하에서 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 나타났고 무지방은 빨강, 노랑색 파장 하에서 산패에 영향을 미쳤다. 전지유의 영향을 가장 많이 준 파란 빛 파장으로 LTLT, HTST, UHT처리한 우유의 변화 정도를 알아본 결과 LTLT 처리한 우유의 ${\Delta}DF1$값이 UHT처리한 우유와 HTST처리한 우유의 ${\Delta}DF1$값보다 크게 변화하는 것으로 보아 품질 변화가 많이 일어난 것으로 나타났다. LED 처리를 함에 따라 acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, 3-methyl butanal, 2-methyl propanal, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanaone and 2-nonanone 등에 해당하는 amu값에서의 감응도 값이 변화한 것으로 보아 이들 물질이 생성된 것으로 예상되었다. The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern recognition of volatile compounds from different types of milk under LED (Light Emitting Dioxide) irradiation for 6 d. Yellow, red, blue, dark, and fluorescent light were produced using LED equipment. A mass spectrometry-based electronic nose and DFA (discriminant function analysis) were used to determine the change in volatiles from different types of milk under LED irradiation. As the LED exposure time was increased, DF1 of whole milk changed considerably under blue light, while that of skim milk changed significantly under red and yellow light irradiation. Among the types of milk tested, the most light-induced oxidation sample was LTLT milk under blue light. The volatile compounds that were shown to increase due to LED treatment in the electronic nose analysis, which was based on MS, were mainly acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, 3-methyl butanal, 2-methyl propanal, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, and 2-heptanaone and 2-nonanone.

7차 영어과 교육과정 성취 기준의 적정성 연구: 말하기, 쓰기를 중심으로

박기화(Park Ki-Hwa) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2005 영어교육연구 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of English learning standards based on the seventh National Curriculum in relation to English speaking and writing skills and to make some suggestions about the English learning standards. For this purpose, learning standards of speaking and writing skills of the current curriculum are examined against those of ACTFL, because these skills have been criticized for their excessively high levels, which most students may not reach through classes at school. The results of this study suggest that English speaking and writing learning standards for the sixth graders of Korean primary school be similar to those of ACTFL novice-mid, and for the first graders of Korean senior high school, ACTFL intermediate-mid. On the basis of the findings, a relevant model has been suggested. The present study expects to be followed by more research which will testify its adequacy through classroom applications of the suggested model.

어휘 제시 방법에 따른 초등영어 학습자의 어휘 습득 연구

박기화(Park Ki-Hwa),남미영(Nam Mi-young) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2006 영어교육연구 Vol.18 No.3

  The purpose of this study is to find the effect of different vocabulary presentation methods on the vocabulary acquisition of Korean elementary school learners of English. For the purpose, an experiment was carried out to two groups of fifth graders, an experimental group and a control group, for 14 weeks in an elementary school in Incheon. The experimental group was given a vocabulary presentation in a situational context, and the control group, a mother tongue translation. This study raised three questions. First, is there a significant difference in vocabulary retention between the two groups? Second, is there a meaningful difference in the degree of vocabulary oblivion between the groups? Third, is there any significant difference in general English ability? In addition, the difference was to find out among three small groups divided by students’ English level, of which the focus was still on the difference among the groups by different vocabulary presentation methods. The results of the study suggest that it is desirable to present vocabulary in a situational context with mother tongue translation reciprocally, so that it can make the students have more confidence and interest in English learning.

A Downsag Caldera Associated with the Chisulryoung Volcanic Formation, Near Kyeongju City, Southern Korea

Ki Hwa Park(박기화) 대한지질학회 1990 지질학회지 Vol.26 No.3

The Primary Structure Controlled Mineralization in Weolseong Diatreme, Southern Korea

박기화,오민수,Park, Ki-Hwa,Oh, Mihn-Soo The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1987 자원환경지질 Vol.20 No.1

경주시(慶州市) 남부(南部) 28km 지점(地占)인 월성군(月城郡) 외동읍(外東邑) 녹동리(鹿洞里) 지역에 1.2km의 지름을 갖는 다이아튜림이 분포(分布)하고, 이 다이아튜림의 화구(火口) 부위(部位)로 추정(推定)되는 중앙부(中央部)에 비소-아연을 주로 하는 광상(鑛床)(녹동광산(鹿洞鑛山))이 배태되어 있다. 지표(地表)에서 광상(鑛床)의 규모(規模)는 장경(長經)이 290m이고 단경(短涇)이 180m인 타원형이다. 한국(韓國) 동력자원연구소(動力資源硏究所)에서 1982년(年)부터 1984년(年)까지 실시(實試)한 16개공(個孔) 5,551m 시추(試錐) 결과(結果) 원통형의 광체(鑛體)가 지표(地表)에서 650m 하부(下部)까지 계속(繼續)됨이 확인(確認) 되었다. 황철우(黃鐵右), 섬아연석(閃亞鉛石), 유비철석(硫砒鐵石)을 주로한 광석(鑛石) 광물(鑛物)은 배태된 양상(樣狀)에 따라 (l) 광염상(鑛染狀), (2) 화산(火山) 각력(角礫) 충진상(充鎭狀), (3) 세맥상(細脈狀)으로 분류(分類)되며, 이들 유형(類形) 간(間)에는 점이적(漸移的)인 양상(樣狀)을 보인다. 광화(鑛化)된 부분(部分)에서의 암편들은 성분(性分), 크기, 모양(模樣), 분포양상(分布樣狀) 등(等)이 광화(鑛化)되지 않은 부분(部分)의 암체에서의 양상(樣狀)과 동일(同一)하다. 광화(鑛化)된 한 층준(層準)에서 보면, 크기가 작은 암편으로 구성(構成)된 상위(上位)는 광염상(鑛染狀)의 광화현상(鑛化現狀)이 우세(優勢)하고, 하부(下部)로 가면서 암편의 크기가 커지고 광화(鑛化) 현상(現狀)은 화산(火山) 각력(角礫) 충진형(充鎭型)으로 점이적(漸移的)으로 변(變)한다. 이런 점으로 보아, 광화(鑛化) 용액(溶液)이 화구부분(火口部分)에 형성(形成)된 균열을 따라 이동(移動)하다가 높은 투수성(透水性)과 다공질(多孔質)를 갖는 다이아튜림의 특정(特定) 층준(層準)에 광석(鑛石) 광물(鑛物)을 우세(優勢)하게 배태시킨 것으로 해석(解析)된다. The Nokdong As-Zn deposit, located 28 km south of Kyeongju City, Southern Korea, has been investigated by a deep drilling programme. The mineralized zone is roughly 290m long and 180m wide at surface and is hosted in a pipe diatreme infilled with poor to well bedded felsic volcaniclastics. The diatreme was formed by explosive volcanic activity, of probably early Tertiary age, subsequent hydrothermal alteration and mineralization took place concurrently within stratigraphic layers in diatreme. Coarse volcaniclastics in the center part of the diatreme, together with complex systems of fracturing, acted as pathways for late hydrothermal fluids which caused alteration of volcanic material to sericite, chlorite and carbonate and precipitated ore minerals, quartz and calcite in the voids. Porosity and permeability were key factors in determining which portions of the layered diatreme were mineralized. The lower part of certain layers retained a relatively high porosity and were extensively mineralized. Metallic mineralization, consisting mostly of pyirte, sphalerite and arsenopyrite, is found as disseminations, tuff-breccia filling and veins.

창의사고력 함양을 위한 초등영어 교재 활동 변용

박기화(Park, Ki-Hwa) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 미래사회의 핵심역량으로 중요한 창의사고력 함양이 초등영어 교과에서도 가능하다고 보고, 기초적인 영어 의사소통능력 습득을 목표로 하는 초등 3학년 영어 교과서의 활동을 자료로 창의성 교육기법을 적용한 변용 활동의 예를 제시한다. 이를 위해 다양한 창의성 교육기법을 소개하고 그 중에서 초등영어에 적합하다고 여겨지는 7개의 기법을 골라 초등 3학년 영어 교과서의 활동에 적용하였다. 변용된 활동은 원래의 활동과 함께 제시함으로써 영어교과에서의 창의사고력 함양 교육 에 대한 부정적 견해를 완화하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 제시된 적용 예들은 교실에서 다른 활동을 변용하거나 다른 기법을 적용하고자 할 때 모델이 될 수 있을 것이다. This study aims to show some adapted models of activities in an Korean elementary school English textbook to enhance creative-thinking ability, based on the belief that creative-thinking techniques can be applied to Korean beginner learners English teaching. For the purpose, the study arranges various creativity techniques and shows some selected creative-thinking techniques appropriate to apply to Korean elementary school English textbook activities for third graders. Both original activities and the adapted ones are presented together for comparison and intended to reduce negative opinions about creativity enhancement in elementary English teaching. The adapted examples can be models for applying different creative-thinking techniques to different activities.