발간사

박기남,Park, Gi-Nam 한국수목보호연구회 1995 수목보호 Vol.1 No.-

솔잎혹파리가 소나무생장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ) - 충영형성률의 변동 -

박기남,현재선 ( Ki Nam Park,Jai Sun Hyun ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.61 No.1

Some aspects of the change in the rate of gall formation on the red pine, Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini, by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, were investigated at the coastal area in Chung Nam-Do from 1977 to 1982, and were analyzed with the nationwide survey data for 2 years from 1980 to 1981. The results obtained were as follows; the gall formation rate in several areas was compared between two consecutive generations. Four regression equations were established, with X as the gall formation rate in N year and Y as that in (N+1) year: 1) Y=11.2+1.15X (r=0.833) for the stands facing north on the phase of insect population increase, 2) Y=14.3+0.82X (r=0.739) for the stands facing south on the phase of population increase, 3) Y=7.3+0.46X (r=0.478) for stands facing north on the phase of population decrease and 4) Y=11.4+0.19X (r=0.086) for stands facing south on the phase of population decrease. After invasion of the pine needle gall midge into a red pine forest, gall formation rate increased for 6 consecutive generations and then decreased to low level within a period of another 6 years.

솔잎혹파리가 소나무생장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Ⅲ) - 직경생장저해 (直徑生長沮害) -

박기남,현재선 ( Ki Nam Park,Jai Sun Hyun ) 한국산림과학회 1984 한국산림과학회지 Vol.65 No.1

Using the Duff and Noland`s method, the annual ring growth patterns of the red pine in the natural stands were examined at two locations; Seocheon, Chungnam-do where the stand had been infested with the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, during the years from 1975 to 1978, and Hongsong, Chungnam-do where had been no incidence of the insect damage. The results obtained are as follows: 1) With the normal red pine of 13 year old, the growth pattern in the oblique sequence indicates that the annual growth rates are maximum at the few terminal internodes, and decrease gradually with the downward internodes. Such characteristic of the growth pattern is not clear in the horizontal sequence of annual rings. 2) The indications of the radial growth reduction of the pine tree due to the pine gall midge infestation could be examined with any of three series at the crown level internodes; horizontal, vertical and oblique series. For the basal internodes, however, the horizontal series appeared to be inadequate for the analysis of the damage impact because it seemed to be masked by various factors other than direct effects of the damage. 3) Of the three ways of radial growth analyses, oblique sequence seems to be the most usefull, especially for the detection of the impact on growth caused by incipient or light infestation.

솔잎혹파리가 소나무생장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ) - 소나무의 피해 -

박기남,현재선 ( Ki Nam Park,Jai Sun Hyun ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.62 No.1

The effects of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, on the growth of the Korean red pine, Pinus densiflora, were examined for the natural forest stands at nine locations: Seocheon-gun, Boryong-gun, and Hongseong-gun in Chooncheongnam-do, where consequence of the infestation had been different. To estimate the economic threshold level of the pine needle gall midge, the growth impacts due to the insect were examined with terminal shoot growth, and cambial growth by analyzing the growth horizontally and vertically. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In general, the growth impacts of the red pine trees were significant for the five consecutive years since damage had occurred, and its maximum retardation was shown in the second and the third years. 2) Simultaneous retardation occurred in both terminal and cambial growth of the tree, probably due to cumulative characteristics of the feeding behaviour. 3) Strong correlation was found between terminal and cambial growth of Korean red pine and this was true for the trees infested by pine needle gall midge, Thus retardation in cambial growth due to the insect may be estimated with that in terminal growth. 4) Infestation was greater on slope facing north than south even though the history of the infestation had been similar. 5) The stem volume of 13-year-old, infested Korean red pine was reduced by more than 75-85%, compared to same aged, uninfected pine in yield table. Thus, much longer period is required to recover the normal growth.

하천유역의 관속식물에 의한 중금속의 생물학적농축 및 중금속 오염도 평가에 관한 연구 3. 고마리 ( Persicaria thunbergii ) 에 의한 서식처 토양의 Pb , Cu 및 Zn 의 제거

박기남,강경홍,김인성 ( Ki Nam Park,Kyung Hong Kang,In Sung Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1995 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The biological magnification and the uptake patterns of lead, copper and zinc in Persicaria thunbergii naturally grown at the areas of the rivers were investigated. The biological magnification values of lead, copper and zinc in the plant were 82.4∼254.6㎍g^1, 284.6∼688.4㎍g^1 and 635.5∼1979.4㎍g^1 individually. The tendency of the biological magnification in the each organ of the plant was as follows : Pb an Zn were increased of stem<leaf<root but Cu was leaf<stem<root. The amount of heavy metals in the plant were in the order of Pb<Cu<Zn. The magnification force of heavy metals in the plant were 13.2 times in Pb, 73.2 times in Cu and 58.7 times in Zn to compare with the content of heavy metals in the habitat soil and have a tendency to follow the content of those in the habitat soil but not proportional. In the mixture medium applied heavy metals, Cu induced the Zn depiciency in the plant. Concludly, the P. thunbergii was the excellent plant which removed the heavy metals from the soil and water of the habitat.

삼림해충(森林害?) 방제현황(防除現況)과 금후방향(今后方向)

박기남,Park, Gi-Nam 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

권두언

박기남,Park, Gi-Nam 한국수목보호연구회 1996 수목보호 Vol.2 No.-

전문직 여성의 노동경험과 돌봄의 젠더화

박기남(Park Ki-Nam) 한국여성연구소 2007 페미니즘 연구 Vol.7 No.2

이 논문은 전문직내 성별 직무 분리 경향과 비정규직의 여성화 등 노동시장내의 거시적인 구조의 변화에 따라, 전문직 여성이 일과 가족의 관계에서 어떠한 갈등을 경험하며 적응하고 해결해 나가는지를 연구하고 있다. 2006년 3월에서 6월에 걸쳐, 80년대 이후 대표적인 여성 전문 직종에 종사하고 있는 11명의 여성들을 대상으로 생애사 심층면접을 실시하였다. 전문직의 조직문화는 여전히 남성 중심적이었으며, 여성에 대한 차별이 지속되고 있었다. 성차별이 80년대에는 여성 역할에 대한 고정관념이 반영된 관행에 의한 것이었다면, 90년대 말 이후 현재는 출산과 육아를 책임진 여성의 자발적 선택으로 나타나고 있었다. 조직의 변화 속도는 매우 더딘 반면, 여성의 직업에 대한 정체성이나 의식의 변화 속도는 빨라서 양육과의 끊임없는 갈등 속에서도 일은 포기할 수 없는 여성 정체성의 일부를 구성하고 있었다. 공적 영역의 일의 특성과 근무조건이 사적 영역의 돌봄 노동을 배려하지 않은 채 공적인 일의 영역을 계속 확장해 나감에 따라, 가족의 영역은 계속 축소되고 있었다. 가족과 일의 갈등이 주로 여성취업에 따라 겪게 되는 여성들이 처리해야 할 과제로 ‘여성화’하면서, 모계친족관계가 자녀양육을 위한 불가피한 대안이 되고 있었다. 하지만 손쉬운 개인적인 해결방법은 결국 가족 안에서나, 사회적으로 돌봄 노동의 가치에 대한 정당한 평가와 제도마련을 방해할 뿐만 아니라, 돌봄 노동을 젠더화하는 결과를 낳고 있다. 임신과 출산, 그리고 양육의 일차적 담당자가 여성이라는 전제하에 기업과 사회가 돌아가는 한, 전문직 여성은 노동시장 구조의 변화와 맞물려 조직 안에서 주변적이고 불안정한 위치에 놓이게 될 것이다. As more and more women find their careers at professional jobs, balancing between women’s work and family become one of the major policy issues. This paper focuses on how women workers are experiencing and trying to solve their own conflicts between work and family. In order to do this, this paper tries to use in-depth interviews based on life histories of 11 professional women, from 2006 March to June. From their life histories, we could find male centered organizational culture has been staying very strong until very recently. Various kinds of discrimination practices both formal and informal are continuing. However, the patterns and causes of discrimination against women are changing. During 1980s, traditional prejudices and stigmas were playing major role in the discrimination. As time enters into the 1990s, women’s choices, who had to take care of their children, seem to be replacing the major causes of discrimination. While organizational culture are changing very slow, women’s identities and consciousness are changing very fast. Due to the mismatch of society and women's consciousness, professional women had to take serious conflict between work and family as a major part of their social identities. However, as work life expends more and more important places, family and care are driven into shaky grounds. Most burdens and stresses happening between work and family are placed on women’s shoulders. Expended support from maternal family network became one of the crucial factors for the working women. However, individual choices and family centered solutions are limited only for the fortunate few. On the contrary, individual based family solution may prohibit institutional development for the protection of working women and the valid social evaluation of care work system at the societal level. As far as social system is structured according to a basic premise that rearing and nurturing children are the responsibilities of women, and company societies are free riding the feminized care work in the family, professional women workers had to maintain or perpetuate their marginal and unstable status careers.

생애구술을 통해 본 독거 여성노인의 삶

박기남(Park Ki-Nam) 한국여성연구소 2004 페미니즘 연구 Vol.- No.4

본 연구는 양적 방법에 기초하는 독거 여성노인 연구의 한계를 보완하기 위하여 춘천의 동지역에 거주하는 독거 여성노인 일곱 명과 심층면접을 함으로써 독거 여성노인이 자신의 삶을 어떻게 해석하며 어떠한 가치를 부여하는지를 여성노인의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 독거 여성노인들은 과거에도 그랬고 지금도 강인한 생활력을 갖고 자신의 성격과 형편에 맞게 자신의 건강관리를 하면서 열심히 살아가고 있다. 시대적인 배경상 누구나 가난했고 딸로서, 아내로서, 며느리로서, 어머니로서 희생을 감내하면서 술과 놀음과 외도에 빠진 남편을 대신하여 생계를 책임지는 경우가 많았다. 생애구술로 본 독거 여성노인은 결코 경제적으로 무능하고 의존적인 존재가 아니었다. 또한 가족으로 부터 버려진 존재도 아니었다. 근대적인 일자리가 많지 않은 중소 도시의 특성상 자식과의 분거는 일찍부터 이루어졌고, 그런 점에서 혼자 사는 것에 익숙해 있었다. 서로 떨어져 살면서도 대체로 자식들과의 유대는 아주 돈독한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 경제적으로 어려울 경우에는 자식과의 유대는 말할 것도 없고 친척간, 이웃간의 유대도 소원해지는 경향을 보였다. 이들은 혼자 지내는 것에 대해 특별히 외롭거나 처량하다고 생각하기보다는 담담하게 받아들이고, 오히려 홀가분한 상태임을 강조했다. 독거 여성노인들은 단일한 집단이기보다는, 같은 시대를 살아오면서 여성으로서 시대적인 흐름에 수동적으로 순응하기도 하지만 각자가 처한 경제적 형편을 헤쳐 나오며 적극적으로 노년기 자신의 삶을 해석하고 적응해 나가는 능동적이며 다양성을 지닌 추체임을 알 수 있다. This research is a trial to understand the life and self interpretation of 7 elderly women living alone in Chuncheon City. Most of the recent researches on elderly women were based on statistical surveys. However, this research is trying to make an in-depth interview of elderly women based on a qualitative research. Despite their weak images, elderly women living alone were strong people trying to maintain their lives and health within difficult economic conditions. They have been maintaining their heavy social responsibilities as daughters, wives, daughters-in, and mothers. In a patriarchal society, they had to took their duties for maintaining household economy replacing their husbands. When they had to took their burdens, their spouses were indulged in extra marital activities, liquors, and pleasures. In their life narration, single elderly women were not economically dependent and unable being. They were not abandoned from their families. Being separated from their children from earlier time, they were accustomed to their single lives. Even though they left alone, they have been maintaining relatively strong family bonds. However, when they were in economically difficult situations, their social relation among children, relatives, and neighbors were inevitably weakened. They were able to accept their single lives without too much estranged feeling. Sometimes to be alone provided them with some freedom from all their life burdens. As a member of a generation who had to maintain all the difficult conditions of time, they could maintain very strong survival capacities. Even in their single lives, most of them were active, diverse, and adaptative subjects of their own lives.

중소기업 CRM 전략에 관한 시스템 다이내믹스 접근

박기남 ( Ki Nam Park ),김병찬 ( Byung Chan Kim ) 한국정보시스템학회 2011 정보시스템연구 Vol.20 No.1

Coping with the rapid change of competition in retail industry, retail firms have dreamed various differentiation strategy to obtain their added value and their life. And they have considered CRM strategy that can differentiate with other retail firms in order to develop some new differentiation factors. So we searched new factors that is best for T store and found CRM strategy such as the optimization for product portfolio considering private-brand products and the optimization for product display for customer demands. This study is meaningful in that it has suggested a new CRM strategy model, which can manage new various differentiation factors of a retail firms considering its core competence. We verified and altered retail firm`s business model using system dynamics. By simulation results, CRM strategy need long time to obtain visible and satisfactory performance of T store.