서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.

일본 공원녹지계획의 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2007 녹지환경학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Japan`s earlier green zone system which has been based mainly on the Western planning theories has developed in two forms of parks system and greenbelts, but such a system failed due to high pressure and high costs regarding population development, administrative matters and lack of residents` understanding. Since the mid-1970s, Japan has been developing its own unique system by forming a consolidated structure of green zones. Characteristics emerging during such a developmental process, or characteristics of green zone planning which appear until formation of green zones, are short experience in connection with green zone planning, green zones having been arranged based on a ring-shaped green belts, the green zone system of urban districts having developed in closely connected with urban disaster prevention, special parks having been developed using landmarks and structure of green zones having been formed based on maintenance and preservation of green zones. An earlier plan, or a master plan for the green, appearing at the beginning of a formative period of green structure has characteristics that it promotes consolidation of parks and green zones and conformity with urban development and pursues systematic arrangement based on functions of green zones. However, many people have raised planning-related problems of how the results integrating functions of the green will form a system, as well as a practical problem of how to substantially securitize the green zones. To overcome these problems, basic plans for green zones which are now being promoted have prepared specific tools to implement the plans and pushed for conformity with related plans through rewriting and linking related laws. Considering above mentioned contents, history of Japan`s green zone planning development suggest three things. First, to promote green zone plans needs agreement and cooperation of residents. Second, we need special policies to realize them and to securitize the green. Third, clear ideologies and principles about green zone plans are necessary to successfully execute the plans.

한국과 일본 녹지체계의 발전 특성에 대한 연구

박구원,Park Koo-Won 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Japan has been tried to integrate Western planning theories into its parks and green systems in the past. However this effect has been regarded unsuccessful. One of reasons for this is that the green systems have been treated as an urban facility, instead as systems. Another reason has to deal with greenbelt's stationary and reservation characteristics that make difficulty to respond timely to the rapid urbanization. The parks and green systems in Korea was introduced in 1990 and began to be promoted fully with the 'Parte and Green Master Plan' established in 2005. However, due to its short history, incomplete aspects exist in its philosophy and methods for promoting the system. Based on these experiences, the current green zone plans in Japan considers the green structure as an independent institution and amenity plan, not a tool of urban planning, that can be a medium for realization of urban visions. And main characteristics of this approach are 1) classifying the green structure into four categories in order to respond to urban forms and purposes, 2) pursuing confirmity with urban planning, and 3) executing the landscape plan based upon core green areas. From reviews upon experiences of Japan as well as considerations on demands and conditions of green systems in Korea, we proposed the following five new strategies for the construction of the urban parte and green system in Korea. They are 1) to develop urban parks and green systems into a genre of urban development improving the quality and local competitiveness of cities rather than a means of urban planning; 2) to form the integrated structure of urban green zones; 3) to transform the urban parte and green systems into practical systems as the centers of localities; 4) to raise criteria for planning and execution plans for effective implementations of the urban parte and green systems, and 5) to provide specific guidelines for the construction of urban parks and green systems through organizing research groups or specialists.

地域の人口規模と観光集客力との関係から見た地域及び東北亜観光の発展方向

朴九遠 ( Park Koo-won ) 동북아관광학회 2006 동북아관광연구 Vol.2 No.2

Tourist attraction power is an important barometer in assessing tourist resorts, but there has been little researches on the current state of tourist attraction and the factors of tourist attraction power. Considering the trend of previous researches, this problem is mainly caused by lack of tourism statistics. Thus, the present study purposed to make an empirical analysis of the relation between the size of population and tourist attraction power using the cases of Japanese local self-governing bodies. According to the results, tourist attraction power in terms of the total number of tourists was higher in areas with a large population. However, actual tourist attraction power varied among localities, and it was found that small areas show a rather high efficiency of tourist attraction. This means that the size of population of a locality becomes the basic container for tourist attraction and large cities have higher potential for the development of tourism. On the other hand, even in small and medium cities and mountainous areas where tourist resources or tourist activities are relatively less diverse, the efficiency of tourist attraction can be enhanced sufficiently through characteristic development and the efficiency can be even higher through connection with a nearly major city. Thus, for future development of tourism, it is proposed to develop bases in local major cities and to promote specialized development of localities connected to the major cities. In addition, ‘the establishment of Northeast Asian base lines’ centering on local major cities in each country is proposed as a method of promoting the tourism of the Northeast Asian region.

충북관광의 특성과 그린투어리즘 전개방향

박구원(Koo-Won Park) 청주대학교 경영경제연구소 2011 경영경제연구 Vol.34 No.2

리조트 콘텐츠개발 연구

박구원(Park gu-won) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.5

커뮤니티 문화타운의 관광사업적 특성과 발전과제에 관한 연구 - 파주 출판문화단지와 헤이리아트밸리를 중심으로 -

박구원 ( Park Koo-won ),김흥식 ( Kim Heung-sik ) 동북아관광학회 2007 동북아관광연구 Vol.3 No.2

New community-based cultural spaces are emerging as a genre of culture and many of the spaces are being developed into new tourist attractions. Thus, this study examined the tourism characteristics of community culture towns and tasks for their development, focusing on Paju Bookcity and Heyri Art & Culture Village which are spotlighted as new community culture towns. This study was carried out through literature review, questionnaire survey and interviews with involved people. According to the results of this study, community culture towns were found to have attractiveness and potential for development as tourist attractions. However, these community culture towns appeared to have limitations of human and material resources regarding accommodating tourists, and tourists’ excessive visits resulted in many side effects due to poor management. Accordingly, it is considered important for the tourist operation of community culture towns to answer the questions of how to establish the infrastructure effectively and how to harmonize pure cultural and artistic creation activities with tourist activities. On the other hand, it was found that the operation and management of community culture towns are mainly limited within the towns themselves and separated from areas and resources around them, but the use and business operation of community culture towns have considerable effects on their surrounding areas. For example, uses in connection to nearby resources were common, and motels and other facilities were developed in surrounding areas. Accordingly, in order to develop and operate community culture towns more effectively, it is considered necessary to establish a cooperation system with local self-governing bodies from the early stage of development.

일제강점기에 있어서 초정광천수의 사회적 변화Ⅱ -「세계3대광천수」의 진실-

박구원 ( Park Gu-won ) 한국일본근대학회 2016 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.54

초정광천수는 국내 물 산업의 발전역사에 있어서 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 그것은 일제강점기 때 초정광천수를 기반으로 근대 물 산업이 시작되었고, 또한 초정광천수는「세계3대광천수」라는 인증을 통해 세계적인 자원으로 발전하고 있기 때문이다. 그러나 정작 초정광천수를 설명해주는「세계3대광천수」가 언제 어떻게 불리어지게 된 것이지, 그 대상의 실체는 무엇인지 등에 대해서는 아직 명확히 밝혀지고 있지 않다. 본 연구는 일제강점기때 발간된 당시의 자료 등을 통해, 이러한 「세계3대광천수」의 진실을 밝힌 것에 있다. 연구결과, 초정광천수가 세계3대광천수로 불리기 시작한 것은 1923년이고, 그 계기는 조선총독부 전문기관에 따른 체계적인 과학적 시험분석에 따른 것으로 나타난다. 그리고 초정광천수는, 각계 전문가 및 각국 영사의 이서, 조선총독부 및 대만총독부 중앙시험보고서를 통한 학술적인 인정, 동경에서 개최된 국제적 규모의 박람회를 통한 수상, 그리고 일본정부의 공식적인 인정 등을 통해, 세계적인 광천수로 확인 및 인증된 것으로 나타난다. 한편, 미국의 샤스터와 함께 세계3대광천수의 하나로 불려 졌던 영국의 나포리나스는 지금까지 알려진 것과는 달리, 영국이 아니라 독일의 광천이고 그 이름도 나포리나스가 아닌 아포리나리스로 확인된다. 그리고 이들 3개 광천의 특성을 비교해보면, 공통적으로 탄산농도가 매우 높고 발포성이 강한 천연탄산수라는 특성을 갖는 것으로 나타난다. 따라서 당시「세계3대광천수」로 불린 것은, 독일의 아포리나리스, 미국의 샤스터, 그리고 국내의 초정관천수가 되며, 이들은 각각 각 대륙을 대표하는 탄산천이자, 탄산제품으로 유명한 곳이라 볼 수 있다. Chojeong mineral water has a very significant meaning in the history of Korea`s water industry. Chojeong mineral water formed a basis of modern water industry in the period of Japanese colonial era and is becoming global resource through recognition as 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」. However, when and how 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」was began to be used to call Chojeong mineral water and what it means still remain veiled. This study aimed to reveal the truth of 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」 based on data released in Japanese Colonial Era. According to the study result, it is 1923 when Chojeong mineral water began to be called 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」. A systematic and scientistic test analysis was carried out by professional organization of Japanese colonial Chosun government, and that`s how Chojeong mineral water was called 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」. Chojeong mineral water has been verified its meaning as global mineral water through endorsement of experts in relevant fields and consuls, recognition within academic world with test reports of Japanese colonial Chosun government and Japanese colonial Taiwan government, an award at international conference in Tokyo and official admission of Japanese government. England`s Napolinas which was known as one of 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」 along with America`s Shaster, was found to be Germany`s mineral water and not England`s mineral water and its name to be Apollinaris, not Napolinas. Based on the comparison of three mineral waters, they are similar in that they are natural carbonated and sparkling water with high levels of carbon. In that sense, Germany`s Apollinaris, America`s Shaster and Korea`s Chojeong mineral water are called 「World`s Top 3 Mineral Water」 and these are carbonated springs representing each continent and places which are well known for carbonated drinks.

충북지역 테마길사업의 추진현황 분석

박구원(Koo-won Park) 청주대학교 경영경제연구소 2012 경영경제연구 Vol.35 No.1

청소년의 여가활동 및 문화시설 이용에 대한 고찰 : 경기도 초중고 학생을 사례로

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국문화관광학회 2006 문화관광연구 Vol.8 No.1