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朴敬子 숙명여자대학교 대학원원우회 1983 원우논총 Vol.1 No.-
The general trends observed in the history studies published in the post era of the Chosun dynasty will be generally divided into two branches. The one is to elevate the status of Dangoon(檀君) upto the founder of the nation, and then describe him God and Human later. The other is to write the history by emphasizing Gija(箕子) traditions and thoughts-legitimacy and public justice etc., and also strongly reflecting Confucian rationality. Dong sa(東史) by Soosan(修山) will be categorized into the former one mainly focused on Dangoon(檀君). Even though Dong Sa(東史) is not satisfying all the conditions required for a complete history book, the reason it has been brought to our attention is its broad recognition of the ancient history. The publication of Dong Sa(東史) has been a notable step in the direction for keeping ancient history researches going by preventing destruction of historical records and loss as well. It seems to me that the distinct contribution of Dong Sa(東史) to national history studies is to bring close attention to Balhae(渤海) and understand it in the context of the national history. As mentioned previously, even though Soosan's(修山) attitude in history understanding is not enough to wash Confucian limitation away from the study, Soosan(修山) stands out in his subjectivity in the study of the national hestory turning subversive relation between Korea and China as it had been into that of equality. Soosan's(修山) arguments not only built up the foundation of Silhak School(實學派) for its attitude toward history but also gave significant impacts on nationalistic historians. In conclusion, Soosan's(修山) way of history recognition was a notable attempt to explain Korean history on a subjective point of view, and subsequently provided turning point for the explanation of Korean history.
朴敬子 숙명여자대학교 대학원원우회 1986 원우논총 Vol.4 No.-
I took a good look at general features about sway of Ho-jok(Magnate) in Cheong-ju which had formed the most powerful sphere of influence in the middle of the Korean Peninsula. As a result, I could ascertain that the local public service personal, with Sangdae-deung as the central figure, had extended ruling power after 'the pole of pennant at Yong-du temple' (Yong-du-sa-dang-gan) was made in 962 (the 13th year since King Kwang-jong ascended the throne). And also confirmed that the administrative organization was operating for itself, the name of which similar to the organization at the rearranging period of local position in the province like Cheong-ju. According to the names of the Dong-dang-gan-gi, could look through the formation course of four families. They are; the Kim family in Cehong-ju, the Son family, the Han family and the Kyung family. It seems that thse four familites led the society in Cheong-ju, being on about equal status - but more or less the Kim family was most fowerful. Therefore it may be proper that the Ho-jok in those days had strived for their power as well as for their coexistance and coprosperity. Next, I'd like to say about the development course of these Ho-jok families. Early in the Ko-ryo era, the Ho-jok in Cheong-ju had already formed strong power, but the families which had grown in their provinces became separated from the onews which had got the positions in capital after leaving their places of family origin. Especially the Kim family and the Son family was the such. It is considered that the two families came to obtain government positions by submitting or making united efforts to King Wang-gun at the beginning of Ko-ryo Dynasty. By getting an position as the military nobility for Kyung-jun, the father of Kyung-dae-seung, the Kyung family in Cehong-ju may produced the most distinguished talent under the military regime. But afterwards, the power of the family seemed to fall into decay. Through the study of these four families, I could believe firmly that I came to understandin detail the actual conditions and the local public structure of Ho-jok and the promotion course of the aboriginal families.
The Importance of CCDL in English Education
박경자,Park, Kyung-Ja The English Teachers Association in Korea 2002 영어어문교육 Vol.7 No.2
Factors affecting foreign language learning task are diverse in nature due to the different social and cultural backgrounds so that learners have to somehow use strategies and expressions to adjust diverse factors to their learning environments. The main purpose of this paper is to show how important NNS vs. NNs interaction through CCDL can be in their enhancement of English proficiency by giving examples from their chatting conversation(written conversation) data collected for over two semesters. Chatting as a means of synchronous communication interaction between students from two different cultural backgrounds can act as a predictor of foreign language achievement. Chatting and Telemeet activities have their own advantages in enhancing communicative competence when learning English. By engaging in these synchronous communication activities learners of English from different cultural backgrounds can acquire unique strategies and expressions from which they learn from each other. In short, this study advocates the importance of strategies and patterns foreign language learners can acquire from interaction among culturally different peer groups.
박경자,Park, kyung-ja 국립문화재연구소 2001 문화재 Vol.34 No.-
We can infer from collections of prose in Cho-sun period that the main period is from King Se-jong's reign to King Yoeng-jo's or between the 15th and the 17th century. The ideological background and the dignity of the rock garden is derived from Taoist hermitism and Nitze and Jeng-je's quietism. The representation of the rock garden as tri-god mountain comprising Bong-lai, Bang-jang and Young-ju is based on the tradition of making the tripartite rock garden in a pond practiced in the three north-eastern countries, Korea, China and Japan. And it's the representation of quietistic world of eternal life that had been sought by the taoism. Making a pond in which they plant lotus and made rock garden. they enjoyed watching immaculately pure lotus flower bloom even in the mud. It is compared to the confucians' seeking for virtue even in the profane or defiled world. Another motive of intellectuals to make rock gardens is their love of nature and its landscapes and their preference of recluse and temperate life to attaching to high public office, which was the tendency of the learned, established by the influence of taoist and quietist tradition. The essays portray the fountain water, ponds, waterfalls. the hilltops, the mountain pass over the ridge. winded lanes, valleys, caverns, and other architectural elements. The technic of building rock gardens includes those of harmonizing each elements of landscapes in the water, that of irrigation, building formation, and those of piling up the mountains and hills. With some comments on planting trees, grass and flowers. The original location of rock garden, esp. in case of taoist Chae-su's rock garden with waterfalls, is Ian-ri, Ian-myon in the city Sang-ju. Since no relics of rock gardens are to be found in any examples of Korea's traditional gardening, the study of rock gardening by analyzing the prose collections of Cho-sun period can be significant for the study of designing water space that has been considered the center of a garden space.
가습기 살균제 피해자들의 피해 경험에 대한 현상학적 사례연구
박경자,김명찬 한국질적탐구학회 2022 질적탐구 Vol.8 No.2
This case study examined 10 individuals’ experience of loss and how to overcome the damage caused by humidifier disinfectants. The study is a phenomenological case study about the victims of the humidifier disinfectant scandal. Data analysis showed the following results. At the individual level, the participants reported “the inner world devastation” and “distrust toward the world.” At the family level, they experienced “a sense of distance among family members,” “family-oriented selfishness,” and “family resilience built in hardship. “ At the social level, the victims faced: “broken relationships”; “the nation as an outsider”; “companies reigning over the nation”; and a three-party cartel of “medical workers, businesses, and the government.” At the victim level, they experienced “awakening on recognition of one’s rights,” and “the power of solidarity” Based on the results, the researcher had discussion on the victims’ distrust, right to know, party movements, and empowerment and made specific suggestions in these aspects. 이 연구는 가습기 살균제 피해자들의 피해 경험과 극복에 대한 현상학적 사례연구이다. 연구에는 10명의 가습기 살균제 피해자들이 참여했다. 자료는 연구 참여자들과 1:1 심층면담을 수행하여 구성했다. 자료분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 개인 차원에서는 ‘황폐화된 내적 세계’, ‘세계에 대한불신’으로 나타났다. 가족 차원에서는 ‘가족 간의 거리감’, ‘가족 이기주의’, ‘역경에서 생성된 가족 레질리언스’가 나타났다. 사회적 차원에서는 ‘관계의 다리가 끊어짐’, ‘아웃사이더로서의 국가’, ‘국가 위에 군림하는 기업’, ‘의료인과 기업, 정부의 삼자 카르텔’이 나타났다. 피해자 차원에서는 ‘권리 위에서 잠자던 권리의 각성’, ‘연대의 힘’으로 나타났다. 연구자는 연구결과에 의해 피해자들의 불신, 피해자로서 알 권리, 피해자들의 당사자 운동과 임파워먼트에 대한 논의와 구체적 제언을 했고, 피해자들에 대한 공감적 접근, 지지자원의 연계, 자기효능감에 대한 구체적 제언을 했다.
중국 고대 당대(唐代) 민간 조경[사가원림(私家圓林)] 연구 - 출토된 명기(明器)와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 -
박경자,Park, Kyung-Ja 국립문화재연구소 2005 문화재 Vol.38 No.-
당대(唐代)의 출토유물인 명기와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 당대의 귀족 정원을 고찰한 결과, 산수경관인 가산과 연못이 정원의 중심이 되고, 여기에 누정을 짓고 화목을 심었다. 가산은 치석첩산(置石疊山)하고, 동굴을 만들었고, 명기의 석가산은 산지산세(山地山勢)는 험준, 층만첩장(層巒疊嶂), 녹색이 깔린 자리와 같고, 새들이 혹 산간에서 노래하고, 연못 호반에서 물을 마신다 라고 표현되었다. 연못은 착지인수(鑿池引水)하고 수계가 발달하였으며, 누정 건물로는 청(廳), 당(堂), 관(館), 정(亭), 대(臺), 누(樓), 각(閣), 사(榭) 등이 있다. 조경식물로는 대나무, 연꽃, 모란을 가장 많이 볼 수 있고, 향나무, 소나무, 회, 잣나무, 전나무, 오동, 가래, 복숭아, 오얏, 매화, 살구, 국화, 칡덩쿨 등을 식재했던 것을 알 수 있다. 위와 같이 중국 당대의 원림은 풍부하고 다양하며 뛰어난 원림 양식으로 원림발달의 전성기를 구가하였고, 문화교섭에 의해 동시대의 통일신라의 민간 특히 귀족의 주택 정원도 사절유택(四節遊宅) 등의 기록에 의하면 한국 조경 발달사에서 전성기에 해당될 것으로 유추할 수 있다. Through the excavated excellent articles of the Tang era, we have considered the building techniques and styles of a square pavilion, an octagonal pavilion, a miniature hill, a pond, etc., could read building techniques of the scenic structures on ancient literatures including records and additionally about their poetical life at that time and inquired into the arrangement, structure, building techniques, etc. of a miniature hill, a pond, a pavilion, a flowerplant, etc., on Nakyangmyungwonki. Thus, under the research on the private landscape architecture, especially the nobility gardening, around excavated excellent articles and literatures, 'A miniature hill(假山) and a pond for landscaping views formed the center of a garden, and additionally a pavilion was built and flowerplants were set. The miniature hill of laying stones and having a carven, steeping, stratifying, looking like dyed green and birds' singing among hills and eating water on the lakeshore${\ldots}$' was expressed. The pond of digging in the ground and conducting water had its water system developed. There were several kinds of pavilions such as 廳, 堂, 館, 亭, 臺, 樓, 閣, 榭, etc. As examples of landscaping plants, there were a bamboo, a lotus flower, a peony, aromatic trees a pine, a korean spindle tree, a big cone pine, an empress tree, a wild walnut, a peach, a plum, a Japanese apricot tree, an apricot tree, a chrysanthemum, arrowroot vines, etc. Thus, the garden of the Tang era, abundant, diverse and excellent, enjoyed the prime of the period of prosperity. Due to cultural exchange, it is supposed that the period of united Shilla of the same age would meet with the period of prosperity in the developmental history of Korea landscape, based on the nobility garden system '4 different dwelling-houses every season on a record "四節游宅"'.