올리브유 및 대두유를 첨가한 돼지등심 분쇄육의 냉장 중 품질변화

박경숙,이경수,윤동화,문윤희,박현숙,정인철,Park, Kyung-Sook,Lee, Kyung-Soo,Youn, Dong-Hwa,Moon, Yoon-Hee,Park, Hyun-Suk,Jung, In-Chul 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.7

본 연구는 올리브유 및 대두유의 첨가가 돼지 분쇄육의 냉장 중 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 냉장 중 색깔, 보수력, 가열감량, 두께의 증가율, 직경의 감소율, pH, VBV함량 및 TBARS값을 측정하였다. 저장 중 $L^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값의 변화는 없었으나, 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육의 $L^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값이 올리브유나 대두유를 첨가한 것보다 높았다. 보수력은 저장 중 증가하는 경향이었으며, GP-P의 보수력이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았다. 그리고 가열감량은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 두께의 증가는 저장 중 높아졌고, 직경의 감소는 저장 중 낮아지는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 그리고 GP-P의 두께 증가율 및 직경 감소율이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 더 컸다(p<0.05). pH는 저장 5일째 감소하였다가 그 후 저장말기까지 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분쇄육의 VBN함량은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 함량이 높았다(p<0.05). TBARS값은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 가장 높고, GP-O가 가장 낮았다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the addition of olive and soybean oil on the color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, increase rate of thickness, decrease rate of diameter, pH, VBN content and TBARS value of ground pork loin during cold storage for 15 days. Ground pork loin were prepared by three types such as ground pork loin containing 20% pork fat (GP-P), ground pork loin containing 20% olive oil (GP-O) and ground pork loin containing 20% soybean oil (GP-S). The $L^{\ast}$ (lightness) and $b^{\ast}$ (yellowness) value of GP-P, GP-O and GP-S were not significantly different during storage, and the $L^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$ value of GP-P were higher than those of GP-O and GP-S (p<0.05). The water holding capacity tended to increase along with storage period, the water holding capacity of GP-P was higher than that of GP-O and GP-S. Also, the cooking loss of GP-P was lower than that of GP-O and GP-S (p<0.05). The increase rate of thickeness by cooking increased along with storage period, but the decrease rate of diameter was tend to decreased with increase in storage period (p<0.05). The pH of all ground pork loins decreased until storage at 5 days, but increased at 15 days (p<0.05). The VBN content of all ground pork loins increased along with storage period, and the VBN content of GP-P was higher than that of GP-O and GP-S (p<0.05). The TBARS value of all ground pork loins increased along with storage period; also, the VBN content of GP-P was the highest among all ground pork loins and GP-O was the lowest among all ground pork loins (p<0.05).

지방의 종류가 돈육 Patty 의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

박경숙,윤동화,문윤희,이경수,박현숙,정인철,Park, Kyung-Sook,Youn, Dong-Hwa,Moon, Yoon-Hee,Lee, Kyung-Soo,Park, Hyun-Suk,Jung, In-Chul 동아시아식생활학회 2007 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lipid type on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of pork patties. The samples consisted of pork patties containing 20% pork fat (PP), 20% olive oil (OP), and 20% soybean oil (SP). The surface color, water holding capacity, increased rate in thickness, decreased rate in diameter, rheological properties, pH, VBN content and TBARS value were determined for the pork patties as the physicochemical properties: the sensory scores were also evaluated. The $L^*$ value for PP was the highest, and the lowest for OP among the samples (p<0.05). For the $a^*$ value OP was the highest among the samples, and the $b^*$ value of OP was lower than that of the PP (p<0.05). The water holding capacity and increased rate of thickness were higher for PP than for OP and SP (p<0.05). The cooking loss and decreased rate of diameter of PP were lower than those of OP and SP (p<0.05). The hardness and springiness of OP and SP were higher than those of PP, and SP had the highest chewiness among the samples (p<0.05). However, cohesiveness and gumminess were not different among the samples. The pH of SP was the highest among the samples, and the TBARS value of OP was lowest (p<0.05). The VBN contents were not different among the samples. The amounts of raw color for OP and SP were higher than that of PP (p<0.05). The raw aroma was not different among the samples. Also, roasted aroma and taste were not different among the samples, but the tenderness, juiciness, and palatability of SP were the highest among the samples (p<0.05).

인간의 단핵구와 비만세포에서 다양한 아토피 유발물질이 사이토카인 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향

박경숙,김경준,Park, Koung-Suk,Kim, Kyung-Jun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : On an experimental basis, the effects of atopic dermatitis induced materials on the expression of cytokine genes in human monocytes (THP-1, U937) and mast cells were studied. This study was carried out to be considered a fundamental knowledge in the research on the good of oriental medicine. Methods : After culturing THP-1, U937, and HMC-1, with the three different concentrations of LPS ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), DPE ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$), and DNCB ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), atopic dermatitis induced materials were treated in the culture medium. To investigate cytokine genes expression patterns, with lysis buffer and separation reagent, total RNA was extracted from THP-1, U937, and HMC-1 at intervals of 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Both cytokine mRNA expression patterns by atopic dermatitis induced materials and change of cytokine genes expression patterns in relation to atopy by selenium were analyzed with RT-PCR. Also IL-4 and INF-$\gamma$, which were secreted in the HMC-1, were analyzed using ELISA method. Results : 1. After treating THP-1 and U937 with LPS, DPE, and DNCB, there was no significant change in cytokine genes themselves, but various cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$, IFN-a, MCP-1, B2-MG) were expressed. 2. In the case of HMC-1, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in the analysis of mRNA expression by dust mite allergens in DPE. 3. As a result of ELISA method, it is certain that IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ protein were secreted in the HMC-1 by DPE. 4. Selenium, an essential trace element, decreased the IL-10 and IL-13 expression in the HMC-1 by DPE. Conclusion : The results suggest that it is necessary to choose proper atopic dermatitis induced materials and suitable cultured cells in establishment of in vitro model of atopic dermatitis.

무의 젖산균 증식촉진물질과 촉진작용

박경숙(Kyung-Suk Park),경규항(Kyu-Hang Kyung) 한국식품과학회 1992 한국식품과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Physicochemical Characteristics of Ground Pork with Safflower Seed Powder as an Animal Fat Replacer

Kyung-Sook Park(박경숙),Young-Joon Choi(최영준),Yoon-Hee Moon(문윤희),Hyun-Suk Park(박현숙),Min-Ju Kim(김민주),In-Chul Jung(정인철) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.7

본 연구는 동물성지방 대체물질로서 홍화씨(Carthamus tinctorius L.)의 첨가가 분쇄돈육의 이화학적 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 분쇄돈육은 돈육등심 68%, 냉수 10%, 소금 2%에 돼지지방 20%(control), 돼지지방 10%와 홍화씨 10%(10% SS) 그리고 홍화씨 20%(20% SS)를 첨가하여 제조하였다. 생육 및 가열육의 수분, 단백질 및 회분함량은 20% SS가 가장 높았고, 지방함량은 대조군이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 수율, 수분보유율, 지방보유율 및 보수력은 20% SS가 가장 높았으며, 직경감소율은 대조군이 가장 높았다. 외부 및 내부의 명도(L-value), 적색도(a-value) 및 황색도(b-value)는 대조군이 10% SS 및 20% SS보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군, 10% SS 및 20% SS가 각각 50.85, 21.77 및 17.91 mg/100 g으로 20% SS가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). Linoleicacid 함량은 대조군, 10% SS 및 20% SS가 각각 28.68%, 41.04% 및 54.26%이었다. 전체 불포화지방산 함량은 대조군, 10% SS 및 20% SS가 각각 50.53%, 55.76% 및 64.93%이었다. 지방산 조성에서 linoleic acid 및 전체 불포화지방산 함량은 20% SS가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 아미노산 조성은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the addition of safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on the physicochemical properties of ground pork as an animal fat replacer. Three types of ground pork were evaluated: 20% pork fat added (control), 10% pork fat and 10% safflower seed powder added (10% SS), and 20% safflower seed powder added (20% SS). The moisture, protein, and ash contents were highest in 20% SS, and the fat content was highest in the control (p<0.05). The cooking yield, moisture retention, fat retention, and water-holding capacity were highest in 20% SS, and the control showed a reduction in the diameter (p<0.05). The external and internal L-, a-, and b-values of the control were higher than those of the 10% SS and the 20% SS (p<0.05). The cholesterol content of the control, the 10% SS, and the 20% SS was 50.85, 21.77, and 17.91 mg/100 g, respectively, and that of the 20% SS was lowest among the samples (p<0.05). The linoleic acid content of the control, the 10% SS, and the 20% SS was 28.68%, 41.04%, and 54.26%, respectively. The total unsaturated fatty acid content of the control, the 10% SS, and the 20% SS was 50.53%, 55.76%, and 64.93%, respectively. The linoleic acid and the total unsaturated fatty acid content were highest in the 20% SS (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in amino acid composition.

Quality Change of Pork Patty Containing Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Leaf and Root Powder during Refrigerated Storage

Kyung-Sook Park(박경숙),Hyun-Suk Park(박현숙),Young-Joon Choi(최영준),Yoon-Hee Moon(문윤희),Kyung-Soo Lee(이경수),Min-Ju Kim(김민주),In-Chul Jung(정인철) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.12

본 연구는 연근 및 연잎분말의 첨가가 돈육 패티의 저장 중 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 돈육패티는 돈육 88%, 대두유 5%, 냉수 5%, 소금 2%를 배합하여 제조한 대조군(T0), 여기에 연잎분말 0.5% 첨가한 것(T1), 연근분말 0.25% 및 연잎분말 0.25% 첨가한 것(T2), 그리고 연잎분말 0.5% 첨가한 것(T3) 등 네 종류의 돈육 패티를 제조하였다. 이들은 저장 중 색깔, 보수력, 가열감량, 두께 증가율, 직경 감소율, 기계적 조직감, pH, VBN 함량 및 TBARS값을 측정하였다. 저장 중 a<SUP>*</SUP>값은 감소하는 경향이었다(p<0.05). T3의 L<SUP>*</SUP>및 a<SUP>*</SUP>값이 가장 낮았으며, b<SUP>*</SUP>값은 T2 및 T3가 T0 및 T1보다 높았다(p<0.05). 보수력은 저장 중 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 시료들 사이에 보수력, 가열감량, 두께 증가율 및 직경 감소율의 차이는 없었다. 저장기간이 경과하면서 경도 및 저작성은 증가하였으며, 탄성은 감소하였다(p<0.05). pH는 저장 중 높아지는 경향이었다(p<0.05). VBN 함량은 저장 중 변화가 없었으며, 시료들 사이에도 유의한 차이가 없었다. TBARS값은 저장 중 유의하게 증가하여 저장 9일째 T0, T1, T2 및 T3가 각각 4.57, 1.85, 0.43 및 0.41 ㎎ MA/㎏을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과, 연근과 연잎분말을 병행 하거나 연잎분말을 단독으로 사용할 경우 기능성 육제품의 제조가 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lotus root and leaf powder on the quality characteristics of pork patty stored at 3℃ for 9 days. The pork patties were of four types: nothing added(control, T0), 0.5% lotus root powder added (T1), 0.25% lotus root and 0.25% lotus leaf powder added (T2), and 0.5% lotus leaf powder added (T3). The a<SUP>*</SUP> value tended to decrease with longer storage period (p<0.05). The L<SUP>*</SUP> and a<SUP>*</SUP> value of T3 had the lowest value among the samples, the b<SUP>*</SUP> value T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity decreased with longer storage period (p<0.05), the water holding capacity, cooking loss, increase rate of thickness and decrease rate of diameter were not significantly different among the samples. Hardness and chewiness increased and springiness decreased with longer storage period (p<0.05). The pH creased with longer storage period (p<0.05), but the VBN content not changed during storage. The TBARS values increased with longer storage period (p<0.05), and those of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 4.57, 1.85, 0.43 and 0.41 ㎎ MA/㎏, respectively, after 9 days of the storage. The result suggest that the addition of lotus root and leaf powder at the same time, or addition of lotus leaf powder can be applied to pork patty to its functionality.

一般論文 : 『황제내경(黃帝內經)』의(義) 양신적양생사상연구(養神的養生思想硏究)

박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2010 동양문화연구 Vol.5 No.-

고대 중국인들은 인체를 우주와 연결된 소우주로 인식하였다. 자연과 인간을 연결시키는 매개체인 氣의 교류를 통해 자연과 인간이 상응한다고 보았다. 『黃帝內經』은 天人相應에 대한 이론으로 氣와 陰陽五行을 통해 천인상응사상의 체계적이고 종합적인 이론을 정립하였다. 이러한 다양한 한의학적 이론을 바탕으로 精·氣·神의 조화를 통해 形神合一을 이루려하였고 이는 養生의 요체가 되었다. 『黃帝內經』에서는 神을 다스림이 첫째요, 몸을 기름이 둘째라고 하여 養神의 중요성을 강조하였다. 『黃帝內經』에서 神은 천지자연의 근원이며 변화작용의 주체이다. 이러한 神이 인간 몸인 心에 내재하여 정신작용과 생명활동을 주재하는 역할을 한다. 천지자연에 상응하여 陰陽과 四時에 맞는 적절한 養生을 통해 天壽를 누릴 수 있도록 하는 것이 神이다. The ancient Chinese recognized our body as Microcosmos connected to the universe. They thought that nature corresponds to human through the exchange of the Qi(氣), a medium connecting nature to human. 『HuangDi NeiJing(黃帝內經)』, which is a theory that corresponds to human, establis -hed a systemic and synthetic theory of thought that TianRen Xiang Ying(天人相應) through the Qi(氣) and YinYangWuXing(陰陽五行). Based on these various theories of oriental medicine, It tried to achieve the unification between the XingShenHeYi (形神合一) through that of a Jing(精), the Qi(氣) and the Shen(神), which became the most important point later. 『HuangDi NeiJing(黃帝內經)』 emphasized the importance of YangShen(養神), saying that controling our Shen (神) is the first and cultivating our Xing(形) is the second. In 『Huang DiNeiJing(黃帝內經)』, the Shen(神) is the source of the TianDiZiRan(天地自然) and the subject of the action of change. The Shen(神) plays a presiding role of the effect of the mind and the activities for lives, internalizing in the Xin(心), the human body. It is the Shen(神) that can help enjoy his or her given life through the appropriate YangSheng(養生) that TianShou(天壽), the earth and nature, and YinYang(陰陽) and Four Moments of a Day, corresponding to the TianDiZiRan(天地自然).

CHILL 분리 컴파일 시스템

박경숙(Kyung Sug Park),박성원(Sung Won Park),서진석(Jin Suk Suh),이동길(Dong Gill Lee),홍진표(Jin P Hong) 한국정보과학회 1987 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.14 No.2

CHILL로써 신뢰성있는 대용량의 소프트웨어를 개발하는데 있어서 프로그램을 구성하는 각 파일들 간에 교환되는 name들에 대한 name binding과 interface 정보의 일치성을 보장할 수 있는 분리 컴파일 기능이 필요하며 이를 위해서 ETRI CHILL 분리 컴파일 시스템을 개발하였다. ETRI CHILL 분리 컴파일 시스템은 파일 사이의 time dependency와 각 파일의 source 프로그램으로부터 자동적으로 추출한 정보를 이용하여 높은 신뢰성과 컴파일 수를 최소화 할 수 있도록 설계하였으며, makefile 생성, interface 정보의 자동 추출과 생성, name binding의 기능을 가진다. 본 논문은 ETRI CHILL 분리 컴파일 시스템의 설계 및 구현에 관하여 기술하였다.

융합인재교육(STEAM)에 대한 초등 교사의 관심도 변화에 관한 탐색 연구

박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),김용기 ( Yong Ki Kim ),전재돈 ( Jae Don Jeon ),이효녕 ( Hyon Yong Lee ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2015 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 초등 교사가 융합인재교육(STEAM)에 어떤 관심을 가지고 있는지 그리고 융합인재교육 시범학교를 운영하면서 융합인재교육에 대한 관심도가 어떻게 변화하는지를 알아봄으로써 새롭게 적용되는 융합인재교육에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 Hall에 의해 개발된 관심도 검사 도구(SoCQ)를 사용하였다. 연구대상은 융합인재교육 시범학교를 운영하고 있는 초등학교 90명이며, 시범학교 운영 기간인 4월, 6월,12월에 관심도의 변화를 조사하였다. 이 연구를 통해 밝혀진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 융합인재교육 시범학교를 운영하고 있는 전체 초등 교사의 관심도의 변화는 4월에는 무관심 단계가 가장 높고 결과적 관심이 가장 낮았으나 12월에는 무관심과 운영적 관심이 낮아졌다. 4월과 비교하여 결과적 관심의 평균값이 54.7에서 74.3로 가장 크게 증가하였다. 교사들의 개인적인 변인을 대상으로 탐색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 고등학교 이과를 이수한 초등 교사들은 운영적 관심의 단계가 낮게 나타났으며, 석사 이상의 학력을 갖춘 초등 교사의 경우도 운영적 관심의 단계가 낮게 나타났다. 아울러, 교육대학교 STEM 관련 교과의 심화과정을 졸업한 초등 교사들 역시 운영적 관심의 단계가 낮게 나타났다. 개인의 요인에 따라 융합인재교육을 받아들이는 관심 단계가 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다.탐색적 연구의 결과는 융합인재교육의 통합적 접근을 위해 가치 있는 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다. This study aimed at investigating elementary teachers’ stages of concerns and its changes about STEAM education. The participants of this study were 90 elementary school teachers implementing STEAM education in their schools. The Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) was administered after the permission was granted by Hall. Data were collected three times from April, June, and December in the year of implementing the exemplary STEAM school. The results indicated that elementary school teachers’ concerns toward STEAM education, the differences of the percentile scores of each stages of concerns, showed slightly low. The SoC of teachers in April showed that Awareness(Stage 0) was relatively very high and Consequences(Stage 4) was very low. However, in December, both Awareness(Stage 0) and Management(Stage 3) were very low. In particular, the percentile scores of Consequence(Stage 4) showed the big difference from 54.7 to 74.3. In addition, teachers who took science track in their high schools showed the relatively low score in the stage of Management(Stage 3). Teachers having the degree of Master of Arts presented the relatively low percentile score in the stage of Management(Stage 3). Teachers who majored in STEM related areas at the university presented the relatively low score in the stage of Management(Stage 3). The findings of this exploratory study may provide the useful insights into the integrative approaches of STEAM education.

기관절개관 교환주기에 대한 근거기반간호 사례

박경숙(Park, Kyung Suk),조영진(Cho, Young Jin),고수형(Ko, Soo Hyung),양은혜(Yang, Eun Hye),박병남(Park, Byung Nam),박정옥(Park, Jeong Ok),서은정(Seo, Eun Jeoung),이현진(Lee, Hyun Jin),서은지(Seo, Eun Ji) 한국근거기반간호학회 2021 근거와 간호 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in infection rates between periodic exchange of tracheostomy tubes every 14 days and every 28 days. Methods: We searched five electronic databases and reviewed the studies according to these criteria. The final three studies (one non-random control study and two guidelines) were selected. Results: The quality evaluation results were checked as recommendations for the two guidelines and as having a low risk of bias for one study. One study was also checked to be 2++ according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. When the tracheostomy tube is exchanged every 28 days, there is insufficient evidence that the infection rate is high compared to the case of exchanging every 14 days. Conclusion: We recommend that patients have their tracheostomy tubes exchanged every 28 days. In the patient group at high risk of infection, the timing of the exchange should be determined according to the clinical condition of the patient.