청년층의 노동시장 격차 및 지역인재 유출요인

문영만(Moon, Young-Man),홍장표(Hong, Jang-Pyo) 한국지역사회학회 2017 지역사회연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study combined Youth Panel Data(2009~2014) to analyze the labor market gap of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and secondary outflow determinants of local young generation and the results are as follows: First, the employment rate of young people was higher by 5.2%p in the metropolitan area and this gap has continued for the last 16 years. In the case of the wage level of highly educated youth of university graduation or higher, the wage of metropolitan employees was higher than that of non-metropolitan employees by about 290,000 won per month. Second, secondary outflow determinants of local young people were analyzed through the regression analysis and as a result, men, those with higher qualified English grades and young people with internship and work experience were more likely to leak into the metropolitan area. Third, wage effects and large company·regular permanent position employment effects according to the secondary outflow of local young people were estimated and as a result, wage effects of the metropolitan area were analyzed to be higher by 6.5% and employment effects to be 1.5 times higher only in college graduates or higher. Therefore, in order to reduce secondary outflow of local young people, it is necessary to bridge the labor market gap between regions and attract decent jobs preferred by young people large companies, regular permanent position in the region.

요청과 불평에서 나타난 언어 수준별 화용능력 발달 특징

문영인(Moon Young-in) 한국외국어교육학회 2006 Foreign languages education Vol.13 No.1

The review of previous studies on interlanguage pragmatics reveals that they have been modelled on cross-cultural pragmatics. However, in order for interlanguage pragmatics to contribute in the area of second language acquisition, it should examine how L2 pragmatic competence develops as L2 linguistic competence increases. Therefore, interlanguage pragmatics studies should be modelled on acquisitional pragmatics. As an effort to explore developmental features of pragmatic competence by linguistic proficiency, this study investigated the speech act behaviors of three linguistically distinctive groups. A total of 159 English learners, which consisted of high school 1st and 2nd graders, university freshmen, and university seniors, participated in this study. Their written responses to the 7 situations in the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) were analyzed in terms of response length, vocabulary, request forms, and the use of please. The three groups showed different behavioral patterns in the realization of requests and complaints, utilizing different linguistic strategies to be responsive to the social factors. For future research, expanding learner population to include very low and high level learners, developing a new research tool other than DCT, a more systematic grouping by linguistic proficiency were suggested.

광역시·도별 임금격차 실증분석

문영만(Moon, Young Man) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.1

This study estimated the wage differentials of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces based on the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. The OLS regression analysis confirmed that wage premium in Seoul and its surrounding areas existed. In particular, the average monthly wage in Ulsan area was higher than that of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, when the human capital that affected wages was not controlled. However, when the human capital was controlled, the wage level of Ulsan in terms of net wage differentials was lower than those of Gyeonggi, Incheon and Seoul. When decomposing wage differentials by using Oaxaca decomposition, the wage differential between the labor market in Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area was estimated to be 8.15%. The biggest factors that affected wage differentials were education and career variables. The wage discrimination by gender was more serious in non-Seoul metropolitan area than in Seoul metropolitan area.

동남권(부산, 울산,경남) 청년의 유출입 특성 및 유출 결정요인

문영만(Moon, Young-man),류장수(Ryu, Jang-soo) 한국지역사회학회 2020 지역사회연구 Vol.28 No.3

본 논문은 한국고용정보원의 ‘대졸자직업이동경로조사’ 10년간 자료(2008GOMS~2017GOMS)를 이용하여 동남권 대졸 청년의 유출입 특성 및 유출 결정요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, 동남권 청년의 1차 유출(대학진학) 및 2차 유출(취업) 실태를 분석한 결과, 인근 지역을 제외하고는 수도권에 소재한 대학과 기업으로 유출되었으며, 이러한 현상은 지난 10년간 지속되었다. 이는 청년들이 선호하는 대학과 근로조건이 양호한 대기업 등이 수도권에 많기 때문이다. 그리고 대학진학을 위해 1차 유출됐던 청년의 38.6%만이 동남권으로 회귀하고, 61.4%가 유출된 지역에 취업한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어떠한 특성을 가진 청년들이 수도권대학으로 유출되는지를 분석한 결과, 여학생일수록, 연령이 많을수록, 특목고 졸업생일수록, 부모 학력이 높을수록, 가구소득이 많을수록 유출비율이 높았다. 그리고 1차 유출에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 변수는 특목고와 가구소득 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 부모의 소득 격차가 자녀들의 학력과 취업격차로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다. 셋째, 동남권 대졸 청년의 2차 유출(취업) 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 남성일수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 4년제 대학일수록, 국·공립대일수록, 대학성적이 높을수록, 기업 규모가 클수록, 임금이 높을수록 타지역(혹은 수도권) 기업으로 유출될 확률이 높았다. 이러한 분석결과는 상대적으로 우수한 청년들이 타지역으로 유출되고 있으며, 주요한 요인은 기업 규모와 임금격차 등 이었다. First, as a result of analyzing the youth labor market in the Southeast region, the youth employment rate in 2019 was 3.8%p lower than the capital area, and the monthly average wage was 30.4 million won less. Second, as a result of analyzing the first outflow (college entrance) and the second outflow (employment) of young people in Southeast Areas, the outflow was mainly to universities and companies located in the metropolitan area. This is because there are many universities and large corporations that young people prefer. Third, as a result of analyzing the characteristics of the students leaked to the metropolitan university, the more likely it is that female students, older age, graduates of special high schools (science, etc.), higher educational background of parents, and higher household incomes. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the second outflow determinants (employment) of Southeastern university graduates, Males, younger ages, four-year colleges, national and public universities, higher university grades, larger firms, and higher wages have higher probability of outflow to other regional (or metropolitan) companies. This analysis shows that relatively good young people are spilled into the metropolitan area, The main factor is the high wage level of the inflow region and the large number of large corporations. Therefore, in order to prevent the outflow of high-educated youth talents and settle as future growth engines in the region, it is necessary to close the labor market gap between regions and improve the quality of jobs in the outflow regions.

임상연구 : 어려운 기관내삽관이 예측되는 상황에서 초보자에 의한 삽관 시 변형된 후두경 날이 치아 손상의 위험성에 미치는 영향

문영은 ( Young Eun Moon ),김창재 ( Chang Jae Kim ),김정은 ( Jeong Eun Kim ),홍상현 ( Sang Hyun Hong ),전준표 ( Jun Pyo Jeon ),정현도 ( Hyun Do Jung ),이재민 ( Jae Min Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.55 No.5

Background: Dental trauma is one of the most common complications during laryngoscopy, especially by novice. As the chance of making direct contact with the teeth is decreased during laryngoscopy, the chance of applying direct pressure to the teeth is decreased, thus the injury by the blade also can be decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a modified Macintosh blade on reducing dental contact and the risk of dental trauma by novice laryngoscopists in anticipated difficult airway. Methods: Sixty-six patients scheduled for elective surgery were divided into Easy group and Difficult group according to Wilson`s risk sum score. Laryngoscopy was performed twice on each patient by novice, once with a regular Macintosh 3 blade and once with a blade in which the flange was partially removed (Callander modification). The distance between the flange of the blade and the upper incisors at glottic exposure was measured. We compared the blade-tooth distances and the chance of directly contacting the tooth between two blades. Results: The modified blade provided more distance than the regular Macintosh blade in both group (P<0.001). It is also associated with decreased chance of directly contacting the teeth, especially in Difficult group (73.7% with regular blade vs 10.6% with the modified blade) (P<0.001). Conclusions: The modified Macintosh blade used in this study proved to be an effective device for novice laryngoscopists in reducing likelihood of dental injuries in anticipated difficult intubation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008;55:549~53)

산업유형별 상용직 고용 결정요인 - 외주(Outsourcing)를 중심으로

문영만 ( Moon Young-man ),김종호 ( Kim Jang-ho ) 한국산업노동학회 2018 산업노동연구 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 통계청의 기업활동조사(2006년~2015년)를 병합하여 산업유형별 상용직 고용 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2015년 기준 외주를 활용한 기업의 비중은 73.2%였으며, 제조업(83.7%)이 비제조업(63.7%)에 비해 20%p 높았다. 그리고 지난 10년간의 외주비 증가율은 제조업 88.7%, 비제조업 44.2%로 나타나 제조업이 두 배 이상 높았다. 둘째, 상용직 고용 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 노동소득분배율, 영업이익률, 매출액, 연구개발 집중도, 외국자본비율 변수는 상용직 고용을 유의하게 증가시키는 반면, 외주비, 자본집약도, 임시ㆍ일용직비율 변수는 고용을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 인건비 변수는 임금인상이 이뤄진 당해 연도는 상용직 고용을 감소시키지만, 그 다음해에는 상용직 고용을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 산업유형을 세분화하여 외주가 고용에 미치는 영향을 추정한 결과, 모든 유형에서 상용직 고용을 감소시켰으며, 감소 폭은 제조업에서는 기초소재형, 비제조업에서는 유통서비스형이 가장 컸다. This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in nonmanufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in ‘basic material type’ in manufacturing industry and ‘distribution service type’ in non - manufacturing industry.

탄성변형에너지 측도를 이용한 부분적으로 가려진 이진 객체의 인식

문영인(Young-In Moon),구자영(Ja-Young Koo) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2014 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.19 No.10

주어진 이진영상 안에 존재하는 객체를 인식하기 위해서는 영상분할과 패턴정합 과정을 거친다. 영상 내의 이진 객체들이 서로 분리되었다는 조건 하에서는 면적, 경계선의 길이, 또는 그들 사이의 비례 등과 같은 대상 전체의 특징을 기술하는 전역적 특징을 이용해서 객체를 인식할 수 있지만 객체들이 서로에 의해 부분적으로 가리어져 있으면 전역적 특징은 사용될 수 없고 점, 선분 등 객체의 부분을 기술하는 국지적 특징들을 이용해서 인식해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 모델의 경계선상의 곡률이 큰 점들을 추출하여 특징점으로 삼고, 그 가운데 두 점을 택하여 하나의 국지적 특징으로 사용한다. 또한 모델과 입력영상에서 각기 추출된 국지적 특징들을 비교하여 정합함으로써 부분적으로 가려진 객체를 인식하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 특징점의 쌍으로 표현되는 국지적 특징을 서로 비교함에 있어서 두 점간의 거리와 양 특징점에서의 그래디언트 벡터의 사이 각을 일치시키는데 필요한 탄성변형 에너지를 이용하여 국지적 특징 사이의 유사도를 정의한다. 인식대상 객체 상의 한 특징점의 레이블을 다른 특징점의 레이블들이 얼마나 지지하는 지를 계산함으로써 부분적으로 가려진 객체를 안정적으로 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. Kimia-25 데이터에 대한 실험 결과 최대 클리크 알고리즘의 4.5배의 속도로 동일한 인식률을 얻음을 보였다. Process of recognizing objects in binary images consists of image segmentation and pattern matching. If binary objects in the image are assumed to be separated, global features such as area, length of perimeter, or the ratio of the two can be used to recognize the objects in the image. However, if such an assumption is not valid, the global features can not be used but local features such as points or line segments should be used to recognize the objects. In this paper points with large curvature along the perimeter are chosen to be the feature points, and pairs of points selected from them are used as local features. Similarity of two local features are defined using elastic deformation energy for making the lengths and angles between gradient vectors at the end points same. Neighbour support value is defined and used for robust recognition of partially occluded binary objects. An experiment on Kimia-25 data showed that the proposed algorithm runs 4.5 times faster than the maximum clique algorithm with same recognition rate.

요청'에 나타나는 우리나라 중학생들의 어휘 사용에 대한 코퍼스적 분석

문영인(Moon, Young-in) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.3

This is a descriptive study which investigated the use of vocabulary in requests by Korean middle school students. Seventy two 2nd graders in a middle school in Seoul were asked to write down their responses to five request situations in the Cartoon DCT. Using WordSmith Tools 5.0 version, their responses were analyzed in terms of the average number of vocabulary tokens(response length), the range of vocabulary, and its frequency in each request situation. The vocabulary used by middle school students was compared to that of English native speakers. The results showed that the middle school students were found to produce about 10 vocabulary tokens regardless of situations. Second, interestingly enough, middle school students' range of vocabulary was as wide as that of English native speakers. Third, there were some differences between the groups in terms of their preference for certain vocabulary items under specific situations. The results are expected to provide useful information on vocabulary teaching in speech acts and materials developments.

영어 일기 쓰기가 초등학생들의 전반적 쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향

문영인(Moon Young-in),이정옥(Lee Jung-ok) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2005 영어교육연구 Vol.17 No.2

This study investigated the effects of English journal writing on the general English writing ability in elementary school. Thirty three participants were divided into the control group and the experimental group with the latter having written English journal for 5 months. The analyses of the pre-tests and post-tests, which consisted of indirect writing assessment and free writing, showed that there was a statistically significant increase in the writing ability for the experimental group. More specifically, there was a statistically significant increase in writing fluency measured by the number of words in the free writing, Also, the content of the free writing became more rich and detailed in the post-test. In addition, there was a slight increase in the length of sentence. and a considerable decrease in the spelling error. In terms of the verb -be, the students' tendency to omit the verb in the pre-free writing test became weak as they began to add the verb correctly in the post-test. Lastly, the percentage of the use of period at the end of a sentence increased to a great degree. It is suggested that teachers should make use of journal writing in order to foster students' writing ability. For primary school students. it was found to be helpful to provide directions on what and how to write and encouragements to write without any fear of making mistakes.

우리나라 대학생들의 영어 대화 함의 해석 능력

문영인(Moon, Young-in) 한국외국어교육학회 2009 Foreign languages education Vol.16 No.3

Conversational implicature is a means of indirect communication. Many times the literal meaning of what someone says does not match with the intended meaning of the speaker. In this case, the listener has to search for another possible meaning that is derived from the given context. Messages that are understood through this inferential process are called implicatures(Grice, 1975). Conversational implicature is, in fact, a common and frequently used strategy in communication. However, coming from different cultural background, EFL learners often experience difficulty understanding implicature due to lack of exposure to and explicit instruction of it. This study specifically investigates Korean university students' ability to interpret English conversational implicatures. Given the situational descriptions and dialogues, the participants were asked to indicate their level of confidence on the 5-point Likert scale. They wetr then asked to write down their own interpretation of implicatures asked. The results showed that the participants misunderstood the implicatures 30% of the time, and they especially showed a great difficulty understanding the 'understated criticism,' one of the categories of implicatures. The analysis also illustrated that the confidence level and the accuracy in interpreting English implicatures did not always coincide with each other. The results are expected to provide useful pedagogical suggestions to English teachers and text developers.