세계평화통일가정연합의 창시자 작사 성가에 관한 연구

문선영 ( Sun-young Moon ) 한국신종교학회 2016 신종교연구 Vol.35 No.-

세계평화통일가정연합은 기독교계 신종교이다. 세계평화통일가정연합의 신앙은 기독교에 기반을 두고 있으나 기독교와 구별된 독자적인 성향을 보이고 있다. 예를 들면 성서 해석과 기도 마무리의 방식 등에서 전통적인 기독교와 차이가 있다. 그러나 세계평화통일가정연합은 예배 시간에 한국 기독교의 찬송가를 수용하여 부르기도 한다. 그렇다고 하여 세계평화통일가정연합의 종교적 노래가 없는 것은 아니다. 세계평화통일가정연합에는 성가라고 칭하는 종교적 노래들이 있으며, 그 중 일부는 세계평화통일가정연합의 창시자 문선명에 의하여 작사되었다. 본 논문은 세계평화통일가정연합의 신앙을 다각적인 차원에서 이해하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되지 않은 세계평화통일가정연합의 창시자가 작사한 성가를 살피고자 한다. 창시자가 작사한 성가는 그가 겪은 종교적 수난이 주로 작사 배경이 되고 있으며, 창시자의 고백적 신앙의 내용이 대체적으로 담겨 있다. 즉 그가 유일신으로부터 받은 종교적 사명을 성취하기 위한 그의 소명 의식과 의지가 드러나고 있다. 이러한 소명 의식과 의지는 궁극적으로 그가 지상에 실현하려는 종교적 이상세계에 대한 염원을 담고 있다. 세계평화통일가정연합의 신앙의 정체성은 곧 창시자의 신앙의 정체성과 동일시 될 수 있다. 따라서 세계평화통일가정연합의 창시자 작사 성가에 나타난 종교적 이상세계 추구와 실현이라는 창시자의 신앙의 정체성은 세계평화통일가정연합의 신앙의 정체성이라고 이해될 수 있다. 창시자가 작사한 성가에 묘사된 종교적 이상세계는 부모로서의 인격적 유일신과 자녀로서의 인간이라는 관계성 인식을 기반으로 인류 한 가족의 이상세계 원형을 그리운 부모가 있는 본향(本鄕)이라는 개념으로 제시되고 있다는 점이 특징이기도 하다. Family Federation for World Peace and Unification is a new Christian religion. The faith of Family Federation for World Peace and Unification is based on Christianity, but it displays independent characteristics distinguishing it from existing Christianity. For instance, its interpretation of the Bible and its way of ending prayer differ from those of traditional Christianity. However, Family Federation for World Peace and Unification has adopted and sings hymns from Korean Christianity during worship. This does not mean that Family Federation for World Peace and Unification does not have religious songs of its own. Family Federation for World Peace and Unification has religious songs that are called holy songs, and some of their lyrics have been written by the founder Sun Myung Moon. This article attempts to examine the holy songs whose lyrics have been written by the founder in order to promote understanding, in various dimensions, of the faith of Family Federation for World Peace and Unification since much research has yet to be carried out on this subject. The holy songs whose lyrics were written by the founder deal with the religious suffering he experienced and usually contain the content of his confessional faith. In other words, they reveal his consciousness of his calling and his will to fulfill the religious mission he received from the one God. Such consciousness of his calling and his will ultimately contain his hope for the ideal world which he attempts to realize on this earth. The identity of the faith of Family Federation for World Peace and Unification can be considered identical to the identity of the faith of the founder. Therefore, the identity of the faith of the founder, which is the pursuit and realization of the ideal world appearing in the holy songs written by the founder, can be understood as the identity of the faith of Family Federation for World Peace and Unification. The ideal world described in the holy songs written by the founder characteristically provides, as the concept of the original homeland where one`s longed-for parents are, the original form of the ideal world as one family of humankind based on the relational perception of human beings as the children and the one personal God as the parent.

응급실 방문 환아 간호에 대한 만족도

문선영,김신정,Moon Sun Young,Kim Shin Jeon 한국아동간호학회 2000 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to provide qualified nursing care to examine the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center. Data were collected from March, 8 to June, 5, 1999 from 304 subjects including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul. Using the 23 item questionnaire, which made out by Davis CHECSS tool through modification and supplement by researchers. The collected data were scored by use of means and standard deviations according to the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center and each item as an independent variable was analysed by t-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows. 1. The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center showed as an average of 3.69. 2. With the resept of general characteristics related to pediatric patients visiting emergency center, there were statiscally significant difference in duration of stay at emergency center(F=2.908, p=.014), type of disease(F=1.777, p=.046). The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients of examiners showed relatively high, but emotional care and information supply are required.

치근이개부 II급 병변에서 조직유도재생술의 임상적 치유양상의 비교

문선영,이재목,서조영,Moon, Sun-Young,Lee, Jae-Mok,Suh, Jo-Young 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this study is to compare the healing aspects of the use of ePTFE membrane alone versus combination treatment of ePTFE membrane and bone grafts on class II furcation defects. Seventeen defects were applied ePTFE membrane alone on mxillary molar buccal class II furcation defects as Group I, seventeen defects were applied ePTFE membrane and bone grafts on maxillary molar buccal class II furcation defects as Group II, twenty-three defects were applied ePTFE membrane alone on mandibular molar buccal class II furcation defects as Group III, twenty defects were applied ePTFE membrane and bone grafts on mandibular molar buccal class II furcation defects as Group IV . Measurements were made to determine clinical attachment level, probing depth, gingival depth, SBI, mobility at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively. Additional measurements were made to determine membrane exposure level at surgery, 1, 2, 6 weeks postoperatively. And then healing patterns and postoperative complications were evaluated. The result as follows : There were statistically significant differences in probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, mobility reduction at values of 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively compared to values of baseline(p<0.05), whereas no significant differences in SBI and gingival recession. In group II, membrane exposure level was increased at 1, 2, 6 weeks postoperatively compared to value of baseline(p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in changes of probing depth at 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively in combination groups of ePTFE membrane and bone graft compared to groups of ePTFE membrane alone(p<0.05). The vast majority of cases fall into typical healing and delayed healing response when membranes were removed in all groups. Pain and swelling were common postoperative complications. In conclusion, this study was showed more effective healing aspects in combination treatment of ePTFE membrane and bone graft than ePTFE membrane alone and on mandibular molar class II furcation defects than maxillary molar.

지질다당류를 투여한 비장세포에서 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone)의 항염증 효과: 염증 관련 사이토카인의 선택적 억제

문선영,주홍구,Moon, Sun-Young,Joo, Hong-Gu 대한수의학회 2015 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.55 No.3

4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) is a sulfone drug that has antibacterial effects on a variety of bacteria, especially Mycobacterium leprae; thus, it has been used to treat leprosy. Previous studies demonstrated that dapsone inhibits integrin-mediated adherence of neutrophils and production of prostaglandin $E_2$ by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Hence, dapsone may act in immune cells and regulate cell-mediated inflammation processes. However, its anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that dapsone modulates the production of inflammation-related cytokines in immune cells. We employed the spleen cells of mice, which are major immune cells, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a causative agent of inflammation for experiments. Dapsone induced a proportional change in splenocyte subsets and the apoptosis of spleen cells. Interestingly, dapsone decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10, but not IL-6, in LPS-treated spleen cells. In other assays, we measured the dapsone-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of activation markers of spleen cells. Dapsone decreased NO production in LPS-treated spleen cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that dapsone has anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells and provide new insight into the potential uses of this agent.

마우스 골수 유래 수지상세포의 성숙과 사이토카인 생산에 대한 젓갈 분리균의 효과 연구

문선영,박은진,주홍구,Moon, Sun-Young,Park, Eun-Jin,Joo, Hong-Gu 대한수의학회 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.3

Jeotgal (salted seafood) has been one of major fermented foods in Korea for long time. Although there are many studies about Jeotgal in various aspects of food, its immunological importance on hosts has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated if several bacteria isolated from Jeotgal may modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs), powerful antigen-presenting cells equipped with special immunological capabilities. 4 Jeotgal bacteria were selected as representatives and used for experiments. To treat viable DCs, those bacteria were killed at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The viability of DCs treated with Jeotgal bacteria was verified and two isolates significantly induced high production of interleukin-12, a representative cell-mediated cytokine of DCs. Surface activation and maturation markers (MHC class II, CD40, CD86) of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. In addition, the treated DCs showed significantly high lymphocyte stimulatory capability compared to control DCs based on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. These observations suggest that Jeotgal isolates can function as immunostimulating bacteria in hosts, like Lactobacillus. Taken together, these experimental evidences may broaden the use of Jeotgal isolates in immunological fields in addition to as a fermented food.

유방 크기가 큰 유방암 환자의 방사선 치료 시 환자의 자세에 따른 선량 비교

문선영,윤명근,정원규,정미주,신동오,김동욱,Moon, Sun Young,Yoon, Myonggeun,Chung, Weon Kuu,Chung, Mijoo,Shin, Dong Oh,Kim, Dong Wook 한국의학물리학회 2015 의학물리 Vol.26 No.4

유방암 환자에 대한 방사선치료에서 유방의 크기가 큰 경우에 바로 누운 자세와 엎드린 자세 간의 선량학적 효과의 비교를 통하여 치료 최적화를 위한 효과적인 방식을 탐구 해보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 왼쪽 유방에 종양이 있고 거대유방을 가진 환자가 바로 누운 자세와 엎드린 자세로 입체조형방사선치료를 받았을 때의 차이를 부피-선량 히스토그램을 통해 비교하였다. Planning target volume (계획표적체적, PTV)은 왼쪽 유방이고 Homogeneity index (균질성지표, HI), Conformity index (적합성지표, CI), Coverage index (조사범위지표, CVI)의 값을 확인하였다. Organ at risk (관심장기, OAR)는 오른쪽 유방, 양쪽 폐 그리고 심장이며 평균선량, 최대선량 및 장기 특성에 따른 기타 지표들을 비교하였다. 엎드린 자세로 치료 시 바로 누운 자세보다 PTV인 왼쪽 유방의 HI, CI 값이 21.7%, 6.49% 감소하였고 CVI 값이 10.8% 증가하였다. 관심장기 중 왼쪽 폐에서는 평균선량, 최대선량이 91.6, 87.0% 감소하였고 부피지표 또한 99% 이상 감소하였다. 오른쪽 폐에서는 자세와 관계없이 동일한 수치를 나타냈고 심장에서는 최대선량이 14.2% 감소했고 평균선량과 이와 관련된 이상이 발생할 확률은 모두 51.6% 감소하였다. 오른쪽 유방에서는 앞선 관심장기와는 달리 평균선량과 최대선량이 증가함을 보였다. Lifetime attributable risk (LAR)의 경우 왼쪽과 오른쪽 폐에서는 엎드린 자세를 취했을 때 80.3, 24.2% 감소함을 보였지만 오른쪽 유방에서는 두 배정도 증가함을 보였다. 유방암 환자의 유방 크기가 클 경우 엎드린 자세를 취했을 때 별다른 합병증 없이 대부분의 지표에서 더 나은 결과를 보이기에 예외적인 상황이 아니라면 엎드린 자세로 치료받는 것을 추천한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze dosimetric parameters of patient with large and pendulous breast receiving breast radiotherapy in the prone versus supine position. The patient underwent computed tomography simulation in both prone and supine position. The homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), coverage index (CVI) to the left breast as planning target volume (PTV) and the doses to the lung, heart, and right breast as organ at risk (OAR) were compared by using dose-volume histogram. The lifetime attributable risk (LAR) according to the prone and supine position was measured for the lung and right breast. The HI, CI of the PTV decreased 21.7%, 6.49%, respectively and the CVI increased 10.8% with the prone position. The mean and maximum dose to the left lung decreased 91.6%, 87.0%, respectively and the volume parameters also decreased over 99% with the prone position. The parameters to the right lung were same regardless of the position. The mean and maximum dose to the heart decreased 51.6%, 14.2% with the prone position. But the mean and maximum dose to the right breast increased unlike the other OARs. The LARs to the lung decreased 80.3% (left), 24.2% (right) but the LAR to the right breast doubled with the prone position. The prone position is a favorable alternative for irradiation of breast in patients with large and pendulous breasts.

국제특허침해소송의 재판관할권 판단기중에 관한 연구 -국제적 비교법적 연구를 바탕으로-

문선영 ( Sun Young Moon ) 한국상사판례학회 2013 상사판례연구 Vol.26 No.1

Worldwide distribution of Patented Products and infringement of patent across the nations has intensified due to the rapid globalization since the establishment of WTO. Also patentee`s sense of right has matured compared to the past. Moreover worldwide invention capital, which only acquires patent right and manages or exercises it without production or R&D. Al these have resulted in the growth of the number of international patent infringement suit. Special consideration should be given to international patent suit, especially in the sense of jurisdiction unlike domestic infringement case. International jurisdiction is the matter of which nation`s court has the authority to try cases with the element of conflict of laws. It is important issue not only for the competent court but for litigants because it determines the nation of which the court litigants should file a suit in Traditionally dispute over intellectual property right can be divided into dispute over industrial property and dispute over copyright. Industrial property needs to be analyzed differently form copyright because industrial property has tendency for strong protection according to principle of territoriality and it has own processes, such as registration, unlike copyright. Discussion about international infriongement of intellectual property right has not been taken enough so far. Though study of international copyright infringement has taken place in part, international patent suit has not been researched much. Therefore it is necessary to set a standard for jurisdiction of international patent suit. This article will cover following issues: First, principle of territoriality in patent right and its limit will be discussed. Second, a standard for jurisdiction of international patent suit will be sought by international and comparative legal study. Third, improvement in jurisdiction of international patent suit will be suggested by studying and criticizing related laws and cases in Korea in a way of comparative legal study. Fourth, specific standards for jurisdiction for major issues in international patent suit will be researched intensively.

한국문학과 서울의 토포필리아 1960년대초 방송극에 나타난 서울 풍경의 한 양상 -<와룡선생상경기>를 중심으로-

문선영 ( Seon Young Moon ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2013 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.41

This paper appeared in 1960 in Seoul broadcast drama reproduced analyzed. The drama of the culture of the early 1960s can be seen in Seoul. This city`s job, trendy fashion, entertainment, culture can be seen. teacher from the countryside to visit Seoul. He feels to experience a new culture. This drama Waryung Teacher recorded the experience in Seoul. Waryung teacher in Seoul, is marvelous and diverse experience. He is thought to be a fascinating place in Seoul. In addition, the differences between how he feels living in Seoul. Therefore, he is alienated consciousness and may experience defeat. Waryung Teacher emotions experienced to Seoul listen to the serial drama that is similar to that of the public hearing. This drama about the Seoul reflects the psychology of the masses. However, at the time of the public in this drama about the 1960 Seoul can not be serious about the criticism. This point is the limit of this drama. The reason can be found in the fact that radio stations. The comedy also can be considered as a cause. Radio comedy serial drama relationships or conflicts with a focus on people`s actions do not use the narrative configurations. Radio comedy serial drama characters and witty wordplay in the individual use. emphasizes the character`s comic focused on. Therefore, the subject matter is a little drama waned. the time, novels, movies are weak compared to the critical eye. It also represents an ambiguous position. The reason has to do with the 1960`s broadcast system.

논문 : 한국전쟁과 애도의 수사학: <작은 연못>을 대상으로

문선영 ( Sun Young Moon ) 부산대학교 영화연구소 2010 아시아영화연구 Vol.3 No.2

이 논문은 노근리 사건을 배경으로 한 영화 <작은 연못>을 대상으로, 한국전쟁 영화의 정체성과 진정성을 살펴보려는 의도 아래 기획 집필한 것이다. 이때 가장 세심한 눈길을 준 것은 <작은 연못>이 보여주는 영화적 서사이다. ``애도의 수사학``에 초점을 맞추고 한국전쟁과 기억의 서사, 말하기와 보여주기의 탈신화화를 살폈다. 이를 통해서 ``작은`` 연못이 내포하고 있는 서정적 치유를 해명하려 하였다. <작은 연못>은 한국전쟁을 다룬 여타 영화들과 비교했을 때 전달 방식이 남다르다. 일반적으로 전쟁영화에서는 적과 동지가 분명히 제시되는데, <작은 연못>에는 그 구분 자체가 의미 없어 보인다. 프로타고니스트와 안타고니스트의 이분법적 구분도 의미가 없고, 그렇다고 주인공이 따로 설정되어 있는 것도 아니다. 서사를 이끌 주된 인물이 없거나 또는 모든 등장인물들이 서사를 이끈다. 그러므로 <작은 연못>은 인물 중심의 영화이라기보다는, 이해할 수 없는 전쟁, 그 자체를 문제 삼는 영화에 가깝다. <작은 연못>은 아픈 역사를 특정 이야기로 말하는 데 관심이 없어 보이기 때문이다. 적이 누구인지도 모른 채 피난길 쌍굴에서 무참히 죽어가는 대문 바위골 사람들을 비롯한 피난민들도 처참하고, “어떤 피난민도 전선을 넘지 못하게 하라. 전선을 넘으려는 자는 모두 사살하라.”는 미 국방성의 기밀 통신 앞에서 속수무책으로 사살해야 하는 참전 미군들의 무심함도 처참하다. 영문도 모른 채 죽는 상황과, 영문도 모른 채 죽이는 상황이 섬뜩하다. 어이없는 전쟁, 봉합될 수 없는 흉터로 얼룩진 지난날의 이야기, 이 모든 상황들이 일어날 수 있는, 그저 ``작은 연못``의 참상으로만 여길 수 없다는 태도는 <작은 연못>이 만들어진 중요한 모티브이다. 애도되지 못한 죽음을 향해 <작은 연못>은 만들어졌다. 그리고 더욱 중요한 것은 <작은 연못>이 ``애도의 아포리아``와 고투해왔다는 점이다. 애도란 (죽은) 타자를 내재화하는 일이다. 그러므로 살아 있는 자가 죽은 자에 대해 말할 때에는 조심해야 한다. 이상의 생각들을 중심으로 이 논문은 ``애도의 수사학``이라는 테제로 한국전쟁의 의미망을 해명하는 데 바쳐져 있다. The present paper has been planned and written aiming to examine the identity and authenticity of Korean War Films, especially analyzing <A Little Pond> which is based on the No Gun Ri incident. The most scrupulous attention has been given to the cinematic narrative that <A Little Pond> shows, trying to explain ``A Little`` Pond and the ethics of differance through the narrative of Korean War and memory and the demythologization of speaking and showing(the political narrative of love). <A Little Pond> was chosen for the Gala Presentation for the 14th Pusan International Film Festival and had been shown at the event, the first time after 7 years since its production, and was nationally reopened in April of 2010. <A Little Pond> is the first film which deals with the No Gun Ri incident. The No Gun Ri incident became known to the public by Associated Press Writers Choi, Sang hoon, Charles J. Hanley and Martha Mendoza in 1999. They won the Pulitzer Prize for the coverage and report of the No Gun Ri incident in 2000, and afterward, without complacency, published a book titled, The Bridge at No Gun Ri. The film <A Little Pond> dramatically reconstitutes the nightmare of the war on the basis of the press releases of AP, which graphically captured the tragedy of the day, and the vivid voices of the survivors. It was truly a historical project which reached completion after 8 years of production, 60 years after the incident. <A Little Pond> takes a different track from those of common war films. It sets no hero or speaker separately among the villages. Neither is there any marked villain. There is no hero pulling the narrative along, that there is no particular need of separate shootings of characters. <A Little Pond> pursues the problematizing of the incomprehensible war itself instead of the imposing of the empathy for a particular character. It gives up any temptation of the narrative embellishment of a painful historical event. More horrible than the roars of the Bawigol villagers dying on the road is a command by US army, “No refugees can cross the enemy lines. Anybody trying it will be shot.” Somebody shots without cause, somebody is killed without cause. The film made a ethical choice, that of the attitude that it is impossible to simply treat the yet unhealed wound brought by a war without cause as a horrible legend of a little pond of a long, long time ago. Living souls need to be careful when addressing the dead. Lamentation is the internalization of the (dead) other. <A Little Pond> was made towards the death not lamented enough. And the more important point is that A Little Pond has been fighting against the ``aporia of lamentation`` or the ``double bind of lamentation.`` This paper is dedicated to explain the network of meanings of Korean War under the thesis of the No Gun Ri incident as the ``rhetorics of lamentation.``

국제적 상표권 간접침해의 준거법과 간접침해 성립여부

문선영(Moon, Sun Young) 한국정보법학회 2015 정보법학 Vol.19 No.3

상표권은 전통적으로 상표권이 부여된 나라의 범위 안에서만 효력이 있는 것이 원칙인데 이를 속지주의라 한다. 따라서 상표권의 효력이 미치는 지역적 범위는 속지주의를 근거로 국내에 한정되는 것이라고 보아 왔으며, 상표권은 다른 나라에서의 행위에 의하여 침해되지 않는 것이고, 국내에서의 행위에 의해 다른 나라의 상표권 침해는 성립되지 않는다고 해석되어 왔다. 그런데 최근 글로벌화의 영향으로 상품의 국제적 유통이 증가함에 따라 상표권의 직접침해지 가 아닌 다른 국가에서 상표권의 직접침해에 관여하는 일이 발생되고 있는데, 이러한 행위를 속지주의와의 관계에 있어서 어떻게 법적으로 규율해야 하는지 어려움이 생기고 있다. 국가간 다수의 행위가 상표권 침해에 관여하는 유형은 여러가지가 있을 수 있으나, 특히 일방의 행위가 상표권 직접침해의 예비행위이거나 교사 또는 방조행위에 해당하는 경우는 상표권 간접침해가 성립되는지 문제될 수 있는데, 이러한 행위에 의하여 실질적으로 상표권 침해의 결과가 발생하는 경우에도 법적인 책임을 부과하는 것이 속지주의 원칙에 반하는 것인지에 대하여는 재검토해 볼 필요가 있다. 또한 이 경우 상표권의 침해여부를 검토함에 있어서는 상표권 간접침해는 직접침해를 전제로 하는가의 문제도 중요한 논점이 될 수 있다. 또한 이와 같이 상표권 간접침해 행위가 국경을 넘어서 직접침해와 다른 국가에서 이루어진 경우, 실질법적 판단에 앞서 그 법률관계를 어느 나라의 법에 의하여 규율하여야 하는지에 관한 국제사법적 쟁점도 함께 문제가 된다고 할 것이다. 이러한 각각의 쟁점은 전통적인 속지주의의 원칙과의 관계에서 어떻게 해결하여야 할 것인지에 대하여 쉽지 않은 문제라 할 것이므로, 본고에서는 먼저 속지주의를 기초로 이러한 다수의 국가에 관련된 상표권의 간접침해 행위에 적용할 준거법은 어떻 게 결정하여야 할 것인지에 관한 국제사법적 쟁점에 대하여 살펴 본 후, 실질법적으로 상표권 간접침해가 직접침해를 전제로 하는지를 검토하고 나아가 이러한 행위에 대하여 상표권 간접침해가 성립될 여지는 없는지에 대하여 자세히 살펴보기로 한다. Traditionally, trademark rights have been valid inside the country where the trademark rights had been registered by the territorial principle. Under the territorial principle, it was commonly interpreted that domestic trademark rights couldn’t be infringed by foreign activities and international trademark rights can’t be infringed by domestic activities. In these cases, when determining the infringement of trademark, the issue is raised whether the indirect trademark infringement depends on the assumption that direct trademark infringement had already established. Also, choice of law to regulate the trademark infringement problem between nations could bring argument based on private international law. However, due to the globalization that is increasing the business transaction and international distribution, direct trademark infringements by these international transactions are occurring these days. This issue raises difficulties how to regulate the direct infringement problem legitimately regarding the territorial principle. Mostly, the types of multiple infringing activities related to direct trademark infringement are intimate incitement or conspiracy. However the issue of determining the indirect trademark infringement occurred by one’s preparation of direct infringement or by aid and abet is more frequently rising these days. If the country where indirect trademark infringement occurred is different from the country of direct trademark infringement brings need to reexamine the following issues; the choice of law, possibility of imposing legal responsibility violation of territorial principle on international indirect trademark infringements. Also the question whether the indirect trademark infringements requires direct trademark infringement had been set before the indirect trademark infringements was made could be important issue when determining the trademark infringement. These kind of issues might be difficult to solve by maintaining the balance between territorial principle. Therefore, this essay will explore the private international law to find a standard to choose the law to regulate the international trademark indirect infringement between multiple countries and examine the connection between indirect trademark infringement and direct trademark infringement. Finally this essay will seek the possibility whether the indirect infringement could be established on overall issues.