現代 英國 詩人들의 理念 問題

文武淵 새한영어영문학회 1980 새한영어영문학 Vol.10 No.-

T.S. Eliot와 日本 荒地派의 詩

文武淵 慶尙大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

T. S. Eliot (1889-1965) published The waste Land in 1922 after the World War Ⅰ. He tried to find out the diseases of the European civilization, intending to show the method of remedy by this poem. Since then Eliot's literature his given a great influences to the world literature, including Korean and Japanese poetry. In 1951, on the waste land of Japan after the World War Ⅱ Arechi Group was born, and their 'Arechi Poetry' was published. Ayukawa Nobuo, Tamura Ryuichi, Nakakiri Masao, Kuroda Sabro, and Kihara Koichi belong to this group. In this essay Ayukawa's 'The Man on the Bridge', Tamura's 'Standing Coffin', and Nakakiri's 'Wandering' were selected to know what influences these poets had received from T. S. Eliot. In Ayukawa's poems the consciousness of the orginal sins, the problem of resurrection, and the themes of life and eath were dealt with. These influences were obviously rom Eliot who taught much by T. E. Hulme. Tamura described the modern men who could not live positiely or die in this world. This was what Eliot pictured willingly. A number of images expressed by Nakakiri were similar to those of Eliot's. In conclusion, even though Arechi Group poets imitated well Eliot's thoughts or images, they neglected their efforts to unify the tradition of their own literature with their modern poetry, and to pursue the modernity by so doing. But they attributed much to the Japanese poetry, in making many new poetry terms and fresh images, introducing the method of Stream of Consicousness.

우리나라 외국어 교육의 方向 : A Methodological Study on Language Teaching

서초순,문무연 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

From some time in the 19th century until recently, many kinds of language teaching methods have been advocated. These methods have been given various names, like grammar-translation method, direct method, series method, audio-lingual method, and recently, the cognitive approach. Each of these methods has its own historical and theoretical background. In this study, the weak points and strong points of these methods are discussed and analyzed in order to find the most appropriate way of TESL in Korea. Surely, no one would deny that linguistics has made a great contribution to language teaching. Especially the structural linguistics corporation with behavioral psychology has been a great influence on TESL methodology and material development over past half century. With recent 'revolution' in linguistics, however, there seems to have arisen a sort of uncertainty in th field of TESL. Those involved in the field of TESL have not fully accepted this, 'revolution' indeed, many authorities observe that no 'revolution' will take place in TESL. It is time, however, that those who are engaging in TESL should look beyond the past and present and strengthen this decipline. Recently, in the field of linguistics, the transformational-generative grammar has almost replaced structural linguistics and has criticized it in many aspects. This new theory views language as rule-governed behavior and tries to describe an ideal native speaker-hearer's internalized rules. Proponents of this theory emphasize the creative aspect of language. They suggest that classroom exercises also be viewed differently. Instead of being a way of instilling habits which structuralists advocate, these exercises should now be concerned with allowing the students to react to and manipulate the data in order to internalize rules. Obviously, however, it is not enough to have students perform well in doing exercises and to internalize rules. They must also be able to use the language and communicate in out-of-classroom situations. The task of gradually moving from controlled practice to meaningful use of language will remain with the classroom teachers. It cannot he spelled out in a text book or in any linguistic theory. Only classroom teachers can be alert and sensitive to the individual needs and interests of their students. Indeed, it most be kept in mind that language itself is only one aspect of language teaching. Language teaching is an interdisciplinary field of various sciences including linguistics, psychology, cultural anthropology, and various non-linguistic fields. Those involved in the field of TESL, however, should be familiar with recent theories so that they can see what is applicable and what is not. There is not any one theory which may have all answers. The best of all possible approaches amy be an eclectic one in which the individual teacher attempts to use what is useful wherever he finds it and refuses to subscribe to any one narrow dogma.

英詩의 律動型 硏究

文武淵 진주농과대학 1967 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.6

1) S, T. Coleridge:Kudla Khan 2) Authorized Bersion:Psalms 42 3) W. Whitman:Tears I. There are three ways in studying the rhythm of English poetry. 1) Study on the rhythm of individual poet or poem. 2) Study on the historical development of rhythm. 3) Study on the general rules of rhythm. In this essay, I take the first way, and, by so doing, wish to study the rhythm patterns in English poetry. Some people say, "Each poet soars high in the air on the wave of his own rhythm, and it is no use at all to study adout the rhythm patterns." It is true to some extent ; at the same time, however, if we examine and compare carefully many poems by many poets, it will generally be found that they can be divided into several groups irrespective of the poet being conscious or unconcious of it. Needless to say, English poetry is marked by the characteristics of the English language;for example, presenting words have stronger accents than symbolic words and the quality of the accent is force accent, pitch accent being able to be seen only in intonation. In English poetry, historical and cultural background should not also be ignored. We have phonic rhythm, offspring of Greek and Latin prosody or versification and the Anglo-Saxon verse. We have thought rhythm of Hebrew poetry chiefly introduccd through the Authorized version, and Persian rhythm through Omar Khayyam by Fiterald's translation. Organic rhythm by W. Whitman, vers libre by Amy Lowell, Cinquin by Adelaide Crasey, ... all these have strong and deep connection with the past; and rhythm patterns can be found in these, too. In this short essay, I am going to study three rhythm patterns in English poetry. 1) Phonic rhythm...S. T. Coleridge: Kubla Khan 2) Thought rhythm...Authorized Version: Psalms 42 3) Organic rhythm...W. Whitman: Tears. II. Kubla Khan. Careful analysis of this beautiful poem shows how subtle it is in rhythmical structure;love of uniformity on one hand, and love of variety on the other. Forty-eight lines of iambic foot mixed with six lines of trochee produce a wonderful symphony together with the use of direct attack and overflow. See to the splended effect of direct attack in lines 5 and 13. See to the magic arrangement of the rimes. What a beauiful image the alliteration of the opening group helps to draw out. His own theory about the distinction between mechanic form and organic form is fully alive here. The more carefully we examine, the more strongly we are impressed with the far-reaching effect of the so-called conventional techniques. Tone-colour is made the most of in it:we can see the bright gardens and ancient forests before our eyes, and can hear the tumult of the sacred river in our ears. Kubla Khan can be called one of the greatest poems of phonic rhythm and no other rhythmical pattern can deny the rhythmical beauties created by this pattern as seen in this poem. Ⅲ Psalms 42 I selected this psalm as a model of thought rhythm, because of its lyrical beauty of its lyrical beauty and strong passion, and of its various forms of parallelism, among other charateristics of simplicity and sublimity common in biblical poems, and also because it is not too long to discussed here. At the same time, together with Ossian, it can be said to have given birth to the organic rhythm. The effects of repetition can easily be noticed, such as a dosen repetition of the word God. It is a kind of refrain. Verse 5 and verse 11 are no doubt refrains, because we find almost the same verse in Psalm 43. T. ree kinds of parallelism, synonymous, synthetic, and climactic, are found in it, sometimes mixed, sometimes separate. Two strophes seem to be there, verses 1-5 and verses 6-11. Alliteration and assonance has no much importance here, and rhythm of thought or idea, is the main element in the wave of rhythm. IV Tears. I selected this poem from Leaves of Grass because I believe it shows Whitman at his height, and because it was written in 1867 when the period of experiment had passed with Whitman of his theory of, organic rhythm, or, organic whole; Thought rhythm which is found in the biblical poem can be seen in it, too, but is a little different. It is so allegorical and subjective here, even in the realistic stanaic forms can be seen in it, both in thought rhythm and punctuation. Scully Bradly says it has special beauty of phonic rhythm. Anyhow, we can see in it a new kind of rhythmicai beauty, though not originated by him, which brings forth the birth of vers libre.

英文學上으로 본 英國 近代化期의 時代 精神

文武淵,黃昭夫 慶尙大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The Industrial Revolution in England from the first half of the 18 th century to the rear half of the 19th century had developed rapidly and especially in industry it took the most brilliant aspect, including a great change in social and political conditions. Why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain? The main causes were as follows:(1) the accumulation of commercial capital; (2) the invention of machines; (3) the acquisition of oversea colonies where they could sell their products to;(4) the spirit of rationalism pervaded in this age. The rationalism that everything in this world should be in concordance with reason and nature, had great importance in the rationalization of industry and agriculture. This revolution was tlie most great one that had given the decisive influences to all the social conditions in England. Conspicuous changes were brought about in the distribution of wealth and social status among middle classes, and between middle class and working class. The middle class, acquired the wealth and power, called for the right of political voice, and on the other hand, the working class agitated the public, claiming their own rights. Chartism movement had continued for ten years from 1836, and by the year 1884 all the lower class acquired the right of voting. Though this age was a wonderful one in those developments, the progress of science and industry destroyed the old tradition and faith, so that most of people became lower in their ideal, mercenary, rapacious, and vulgarized. Moreover the multitudes were poor and miserable. The literatures of Victorian era not only reflect the aspect of the age but also give warn to the people on the dark phenomena of the society. The passionate poem, 'Cry of children' by Mrs. Browning, protested against the employing children to the coal mines and factories. Dickens, the representative of humanism in the age, always took sides with the weak, and described those who were poor, oppressed, and optimistic with all the misfortunes. Through 'Alton Locke' exhibiting the dismal slum of London where the labourers lived, Charles Kingsly provoked the attention of the society. Carlyle attacked fiercely the social evils, such as falsehood, idle ease, materialism, utilitarianism, and mammonism. Mathew Arnold pointed out the fact that 'idea', 'light', and 'culture' were lacking in British society, and emphasized that they should regain the lost soul, seeking for the refined culture and the radiant light of intellect. All these men of letters, I think, contributed greatly to the welfare of English people of the past and present. In my succeeding essay, I will compare the spirit of Victorian era with that of the industrialization proceeding in our country, and obtain the conclusion.

英文學에 있어서의 自然愛好 思想

文武淵,沈舜植 새한영어영문학회 1979 새한영어영문학 Vol.7 No.-

T.S Eliot와 韓國의 戰後派詩

文武淵 새한영어영문학회 1977 새한영어영문학 Vol.5 No.-

T.S. Eliot의 초기시 연구

황소부,문무연 慶尙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

T. S. Eliot's early poems from 'Prufrock' to 'The Hollow ,Men' are very unique in modern poetry. T.S. Eliot in his early poems seems to have been as susceptible to the French Symbolists poets as to that the Metaphysical poets. The methods of these two schools are adapted and extended in his early poems. For the prevailing influence in these early poems in that of Laforgue, with Baudelaire behind him. From Laforgue Eliot learned the possibility of an ironic, self-depreciating diction which offered scope for subtler expression than anything currently available to him in English. From this source. besides their techniques, Eliot's own impressions of industrial civilization combine with those of Baudelaire and Laforgue. Symbolist technique is adapted to Eliot's purposes, and the work of individual symbolist poets helps to form his conception of the essentials of modern life. In these is the source of his atmosphere of his of boredom, futility and squalor, and his conception of modern malady.

William Faulkner 의 文學

文武淵 진주농과대학 1969 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.8

Faulkner is generally classified as that elite of elites and famous for his incomprehensible works. His difficulty, I think, usually comes from the method of stream of consciousness, compound images, specific words, and the long sentences. However we are obliged to place him among the giant figures in World Literature. In this essay, I tried to understand his characters, view of life, nature, and religion, his situations, setting, technique, and styles by citing illustrations. If I summarize my discoveries about Faulkner I must admit that he is writing from moral conviction and that he has a thesis to prove in his novels; that he is presenting that thesis through a group of characters related to each other in time, place, and heritage; that his characters, his setting, and his situations are in sufficient variety and yet sufficiently unified to give a broad and at the same time consistent view of human experience; and that the effect upon readers may well be a heightened response and understanding both of themselves and of life. We have also discovered that although his style may present initial difficulties, his technical innovations can be justified by the effects he gains through them.

결절성 경화증과 동반된 일측성 신혈관근지방종 1례

정종연,채홍진,문무성,김은호,이광길 大韓泌尿器科學會 1983 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.24 No.1