고분자 물질의 표면 보호를 위한 자외선 경화 도료의 응용

문명준,박진환,이근대,서차수,김종래 ( Myung Jun Moon,Jin Hwan Park,Gun Dae Lee,Cha Soo Suh,Jong Rae Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1991 공업화학 Vol.2 No.2

PVC와 Polystyrene과 같은 고분자가 자외선에 노출될 때 이들 표면을 보호하고, 물성을 유지하기 위해서 자외선 경화 도료를 도장하지만, PVC 는 epoxy acrylate 에 대해서, 그리고 Polystyrene은 대부분의 UV도료에 부착력이 약하므로, 반응희석제의 조성을 변화시키거나, 다관능기 acrylate를 표면에 photografting시키거나, 표면을 광화학적으로 활성화시켜 부착력을 향상시킴을 목적으로 하였다. 미리 침투시킨 광개시제에 의한 grafting이나 표면 활성화로 부착력은 현저히 증가하였고, 각 희석제에 있어 Tripropylene glycol diacrylate는 유연성 향상과 부착력 증가를 가져오나, 황변 현상과 표면 산화에 의한 경화 밀도의 증가로 grafting을 제외한 다른 도장 방법은 시간이 지남에 따라 도막의 부착력이 감소하였다. 여기에 비해 Trimethylol propane triacrylate는 원래 다관능기에 의해 높은 경화 밀도를 가지고 이에 따른 단단한 도막때문에 부착력에 문제가 있으나, 두가지 도장법에서는 오히려 다관능기에 의한 화학 결합으로 부착력이 향상되었다. 그리고, 고분자 표면의 표면 에너지를 활성화를 통해 증가시킴으로 해서 UV도료의 상용성 문제를 grafting과 표면 활성화를 통해 해결해 도료 배합의 다양화와 기능화를 가져올 것이 기대된다. Ultraviolet curable coatings are often used to protect the surface of polymer materials exposed to the ultraviolet radiation. However, the adhesion of epoxy acrylate on poly(vinyl chloride) and the UV curable coatings on polystyrene are specially poor. The obiective of this work was to improve the adhesion of coatings according to various formulations of the reactive diluents and finishing methods using the photografting of multifunctional acrylate and the surface activation on polymer surface impregnated a photoinitiator. The addition of Tripropylene glycol diacrlate in the formulation of coating results in the improvement of adhesion of coating due to the flexibility. But the increase of the crosslinking density which results from the oxidation of surface during the exposure of UV radiation caused the loss of adhesion of coatings except the photografting method. In the trimethylolpropane triacrylate the improvement of adhesion are considerable due to the chemical bond between multifuctional acrylate and surface. From this work we expect to achieve the variety and functionality in the formulation of coating according to the photografting and surface activation of polymer.

분자모델링에의한 유기감광체용 신소재 개발

문명준(Myung Jun Moon),이진호(Jin Ho Lee),이상남(Sang Nam Lee) 한국화상학회 2001 한국화상학회지 Vol.7 No.1

유기감광체에 사용되는 전하이동물질을 분자설계하기 위해 양자화학의 반경험적인 계산법인 MOPAC등의 방법을 사용하여, 분자의 생성에너지와 이온화에너지, dipole moment 등을 계산하고, 이들 계산 결과를 Time of Flight 실험법에 의한 결과와 비교 검토하여 분자설계에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 계산 조건과 방법을 고찰하였다. 그리고 특히 전하이동물질과 바인더로 사용되는 폴리카보네이트의 분자간 상호작용을 분자수준에서 설계하여 전하이동 물질의 농도 변화에 따른 구조 변화를 조사하고, 이 변화 과정이 전하이동 메카니즘에 잘부합되는 지에 따라 전하이동 메카니즘을 평가하였다. 그리고 전하이동물질의 화학적 구조는 바인더와의 상호작용에 의해 전하이동물질과 바인더의 구조 변화를 가져옴을 볼 수 있있다. 따라서 전하이동물질 한 분자에 대한 이론적 계산에 의해 전하이동을 평가하는 것 뿐 만 아니라, 전하이동물질과 바인더의 상호작용에 대한 구조 분석도 전하이동에 따른 광감성효과를 평가하는데 중요한 변수가 됨을 안 수 있었다. Quantum energy of Charge transport material used in organic photoconductor was calculated through quantum chemical semi-empirical methods such as MOPAC program. The geometric and electronic structures of CTM are elucidated and the electronic spectra are described. Attention is given to the correlation between the photosensitive data and the theoretical study. The experimental study was performed to investigate the photosensitive properties of multilayer OPC constructed with CGL of titanylphthalocyanine dispersed in poly(vinylbutyral) and CTL of triphenyamine, hydrazone, oxadiazole, butadiene derivatives doped in polycarbonate. The charge mobility data obtained by TOF have been compared with the quantum chemical data calculated by semi-empirical methods. The results indicate that the charge transport materials can be modeled simply and effectively using semi-empirical methods and the mechanism of charge transport in OPC can be explained.

폐감귤박으로 합성한 활성탄에 의한 수용액 중의 Cu 및 Pb 이온의 제거

문명준 ( Myung-jun Moon ),감상규 ( Sang-kyu Kam ),이민규 ( Min-gyu Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Waste citrus peel-based activated carbon (WCAC) was prepared from waste citrus peels by activation with KOH. The removal of Cu and Pb ions from aqueous solution by the prepared WCAC was investigated in batch experiments. The solution pH significantly influenced Cu and Pb adsorption capacity and the optimum pH was 4 to 6. The adsorption of Cu and Pb ions by WCAC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm model was 31.91 mg/g for Cu and 92.22 mg/g for Pb. As the temperature was increased from 303 K to 323 K, the ΔG˚ value decreased from -7.01 to -8.57 kJ/mol for Cu ions and from -0.87 to -2.06 kJ/mol for Pb ions. These results indicated that the adsorption of Cu and Pb by WCAC is a spontaneous process.

알카리성 인산-과망간산 용액을 이용한 AZ31 마그네슘 합금의 친환경 화성 처리 및 화성 피막의 특성 평가

김명환(Myung-Hwan Kim),이만식(Man-Sig Lee),곽삼탁(Sam-Tag Kwag),문명준(Myung-Jun Moon) 한국표면공학회 2011 한국표면공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

A uniform chromium-free conversion coating treated with an alkaline phosphate- permanganate solution was formed on the AZ 31 magnesium alloy. The effect of acid pickling on the morphology and on the corrosion resistance of the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion coating was investigated. The chemical composition and phase structure of conversion coating layer were determined via optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. Results show that the conversion coatings are relatively uniform and continuous, with thickness 1.8 to 2.4 ㎛. The alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion coating was mainly composed of elements Mg, O, P, Al and Mn. The conversion-coated layers were stable compounds of magnesium oxide and spinel (MgAl₂O₄). These compounds were excellent inhibitors to corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization technique. EIS results showed a polarization resistance of 0.1 kΩ for the untreated Mg and 16 kΩ for the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion treatment sample, giving an improvement of about 160 times. The results of the electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the AZ 31 magnesium alloy was improved by the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion treatment.

크롬 프리 세륨 용액에 의한 AZ31 마그네슘 합금의 화성 피막에 대한 특성 평가

김명환(Myung Hwan Kim),이동욱(Dong Uk Lee),곽삼탁(Sam-Tag Kwag),문명준(Myung-Jun Moon) 한국표면공학회 2016 한국표면공학회지 Vol.49 No.1

A chromium-free Ce-based conversion coating formed by immersion in a solution containing cerium chloride and nitric acid on AZ31 magnesium alloy has been studied. The effects of acid pickling on the morphology and the corrosion resistance of the cerium conversion coating were investigated. The corrosion resistance of the conversion coating prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy after organic acid pickling was better than that of inorganic acid pickling. The morphology of the conversion-coated layer was observed using optical microscope and SEM. Results show that the conversion coatings are relatively uniform and continuous, with thickness 1.0 to 1.1 μm. The main elements of the conversion coating of AZ31 Mg alloy are Mg, O, Al, Ce and Zn by EDS analysis. The electrochemical polarization results showed that the Ce-based conversion coating could reduce the corrosion activity of the AZ31 Mg alloy substrates in the presence of chloride ions.

비크롬계 인산-과망간산 용액을 이용한 AZ31 마그네슘 합금의 산처리에 따른 화성 피막의 특성 평가

김명환(Myung-Hwan Kim),곽삼탁(Sam-Tag Kwag),문명준(Myung-Jun Moon) 한국표면공학회 2010 한국표면공학회지 Vol.43 No.2

A chromium-free conversion coating for AZ31 magnesium alloy has been obtained by using a permanganatephosphate solution, which has been developed with acid pickling. Examination have been carried out on the conversion coatings for morphology, composition and corrosion resistance. The morphology of the conversion-coated layer was observed using optical microscope and SEM. It was shown that the conversion coatings are relatively uniform and continuous, with thickness 1.8 to 2.7 μm. The chemical composition of conversion coating was mainly consisted of Mg, O, P, K, Al and Mn by EDS analysis. It was found that the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 magnesium alloy has been improved by the permanganate-phosphate conversion treatment from electrochemical polarization.

Molded-In Foaming(MIF) 공정에 적합한 가교 시스템에 관한 연구

김효준(Hyo-Jun Kim),박건욱(Geon-Uk Park),유재근(Jae-Keun Yu),최성현(Sung-hyun Choi),손민영(Min-Young Shon),문명준(Myung-Jun Moon) 한국고분자학회 2023 폴리머 Vol.47 No.5

이원계 금속산화물 촉매가 글리세롤카보네이트 합성에 미치는 영향

백재호(Baek, Jae-Ho),문명준(Moon, Myung-Jun),이만식(Lee, Man-Sig) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구에서는 글리세롤과 우레아를 이용하여 글리세롤카보네이트를 합성하는 반응을 진행하였다. ZnO와 Zn-Al 이원계 금속 산화물 촉매를 제조하고, 제조되어진 촉매를 사용하여 글리세롤의 전환율과 글리세롤카보네이트의 수율을 확인하였고, Al의 첨가에 따른 촉매 특성의 분석과 글리세롤카보네이트 합성반응에서의 역할에 대해 확인하였 다. 글리세롤카보네이트 합성 반응에서 ZnO를 단독으로 촉매를 사용한 경우보다 Zn-Al 혼합 산화물을 촉매로 사용하 여 반응하였을 때, 부반응이 억제되어 전환율 및 수율이 증가함을 확인하였다. The glycerol carbonate was synthesized by glycerol and urea using metal oxide catalysts. The physical properties of the prepared metal oxide catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area analysis (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). In addition, we confirmed the conversion of the glycerol and the yield of the glycerol carbonate according to characteristics of metal oxide catalysts. From XRD and FE-SEM analysis, the crystallite size and crystallinity of metal oxide catalysts decrease with addition of Al. In addition, the Zn-Al mixed metal oxide had higher catalytic activity than the pure ZnO due to decreased side reaction in the synthesis of glycerol carbonate.

액정을 분산한 유기광전도체의 광전도 특성에 관한 연구

김상국 ( Sang Kook Kim ),문명준 ( Myung Jun Moon ),남수용 ( Su Yong Nam ),이상남 ( Sang Nam Lee ) 한국화상학회 2004 한국화상학회지 Vol.10 No.3

이중전하수송층을 가진 새로운 Oxotitanium Phthalocyanine 유기감광체의 개발과 감광특성 및 Carrier 이동현상에 관한 연구

이상남(Lee Sang Nam),문명준(Myung Jun Moon),윤종태(Jong Tae Yun),노지현(Ji Hyun Ro),북촌효사(Takashi Kitamura) 한국화상학회 1995 한국화상학회지 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 전하생성층의 위에 이중전하수송층을 가진 새로운 형태의 oxotitanium phthalocyanine(TiOPc) 유기감광체를 제작하여 감광특성과 캐리어의 이동현상을 연구하였다. 전하생성층은 TiOPc을 폴리비닐부티랄에 분산시켜 두께 0.1 μm로 도막을 형성하고, 전하수송층은 트리페닐아민 유도체와 히드라존을 폴리에스테르와 폴리카보네이트에 분산시켜 두께 5 μm씩 이중으로 도막을 형성하였다. 제작된 TiOPc 유기감광체들은 이온화퍼텐셜측정, 전자스펙트럼측정과 PIDC, XTOF 및 TOF법으로 초기전위 , 광감쇠속도, 반감노광량, 감도, 양자효율과 캐리어의 주행 시간 및 drift 이동도 등을 검토하였다. 연구결과 단일CTL을 가진 감광체보다 이중 CTL을 가진 감광체가 광흡수율, 반감노광량, 전자사진감도와 양자효율 및 drift 이동도가 우수한 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 CGM과 CTM들 사이의 이온화퍼텐셜차가 적을수록 감광특성과 양자효율 및 drift 이동도가 좋은 것을 알 수 있었다. CTM의 이온화퍼텐셜 Ip(Tm)와 고분자 매트릭스의 이온화퍼텐셜 Ip(Pm)의 차 Δ Ip가 작을수록 감광체의 캐리어 이동도가 증가하였다. The photosensitive properties and carrier transport in the organic photoconductor with double carrier transport layers(DCTL) of polymer matrix doped with two carrier transport materials above carrier generation layer (CGL) containing oxotitanium phthalocyanine(TiOPc) were investigated. The CGL of TiOPc dispersed in poly (vinylbutyral) was formed as tickness of 0.1 μm and the double carrier transport layer was prepared by coating polycarbonate and polyester doped with hydrazone and triphenylamine derivatives as tickness of 0.5 μm, respectively. We have measured photo-induced discharge curve(PIDC), xerographic time-of-flight(XTOF), time-of-fight(TOF), and UV-visible reflective spectrum of these organic photoconductors. In this work, the organic photoconductor with double carrier transport layers was shown better properties in photosensitivity and drift mobility than with the single transport layer. It was found that the characteristics of carrier transport were mainly caused by the ionization potential difference of constitutive materials in molecularly doped polymer.