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마츠무라우타코 ( Matsumura Utako ) 아세아여성법학회 2022 아세아여성법학 Vol.25 No.-
2000年に児童虐待防止法が制定ㆍ施行されて以来、児童相談所における児童虐待相談対応件数は每年増加している。2021年に全国で225ヶ所の児童相談所が児童虐待相談と して対応した件数は207,659件(速報値)となり、過去最多であった。児童虐待相談対応件数の主な増加原因としては、国民や関係機関の児童虐待に対する意識が高まったことによる通告の増加、特に面前DV(児童が同居する家庭における配偶者に対する暴力がある事案)について、警察からの心理的虐待の通告が増加したことが挙げられる。 児童虐待への対応は、児童虐待防止法に基づき、発生予防、早期発見ㆍ早期対応、子どもの保護や支援、そして保護者の支援が行われており、関係者の努力によりその進展が図られてきた。特に、保護者の支援が立ち遅れていることから逐次制度改正が行われてきたが、児童相談所の規模、職員体制、専門職種の陣容、児童福祉関係機関の社会資源の違い等、自治体ごとに異なった対応が行われており、地域格差も大きい。児童虐待に関する社会的な関心は高まり、司法の関与も進んでいる一方で、児童が重傷を負ったり、死亡したりする事件はなくならない。児童虐待防止対策の一層の強化とともに、被虐待児への支援として、社会的養護の質及び量の拡充が求められている。 社会的養護とは、保護者のない児童や、保護者に監護させることが適当でない児童を、公的責任で社会的に養育し、保護するとともに、養育に大きな困難を抱える家庭への支援を行うことをいい、家庭的養護と施設養護に大別される。厚生労働省「児童養護施設 入所児童等調査の概要(2018年2月現在)」(2020年1月)によると、児童養護施設に入所した児童の措置理由(要保護問題発生理由)は、虐待によるものが45.2%、父ㆍ母の入院ㆍ精神疾患等が18.3%、父ㆍ母の死亡ㆍ行方不明が5.3%、父ㆍ母の拘禁が4.7%となっている。 措置理由が父ㆍ母の拘禁によるものの場合、社会的養護下にある子どもの多くはその事 実を知らない。親はどこにいるのか、なぜ自分に会いに来てくれないのか、いつ親と一緒に暮らせるようになるのか、親がどうしているのか知りたいと思っている子どもは多い だろう。「子どもの最善の利益」の保護を基本として、子どもの養育環境、教育環境を整えるにあたり、有機的な他機関連携を行うことで、子ども目線での支援が必要となる。 本報告では、児童虐待相談対応の現状、社会的養護の種類と措置理由など、社会的養護をめぐる現状と課題について概略したうえで、親が拘禁されている子への支援の必要 性について検討する。 Since the child Abuse Prevention Law was enacted and enforced in 2000, the number of child abuse consultation cases handled by consultation offices has been increasing every year. In 2021, 225 consultation offices nationwide responded to 207, 659 cases of child abuse consultation (preliminary figures), the highest number ever recorded. The main reasons for the increase in the number of child abuse consultation responses were an increase in notifications due to heightened awareness of child abuse among the public and relevant organizations, and an increase in notifications of psychological abuse from the police, particularly with regard to face-to-face DV (cases of violence against a spouse in a family where a child lives together). The response to child abuse has been based on the child Abuse Prevention Law, which provides for prevention of occurrence, early detection and response, protection and support for children, and support for their guardians, and progress has been made through the efforts of all concerned. In particular, since support for guardians has lagged behind, successive revisions of the system have been made. However, each municipality takes a different approach due to differences in the size of child guidance centers, staffing, professional staffing, and social resources of child welfare -related organizations, and there are large regional disparities, while social concern about child abuse is growing and the involvement of the judiciary is progressing, the number of cases in which children are seriously injured or killed has not been eliminated. In addition to further strengthening measures to prevent child abuse, there is a need to expand the quality and quantity of social foster care to support abused children. Social foster care refers to socially fostering and protecting children without guardians or children for whom it is not appropriate to have guardians take care of them, under public responsibility, as well as providing support to families with great difficulties in fostering them, and is broadly classified into family-based foster care and institutional foster care. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare’s “Summary of Survey on children Admitted to Foster Homes (as of February 2018)” (January 2020), the reasons for measures taken (reasons for problems requiring protection) for children admitted to foster homes were 45.2%due to abuse, 18.3%due to hospitalization or mental illness of the father or mother, 5.3%due to death or missing of the father or mother, 4.3%due to detention of the father The reason for the incident was detention of the father/mother, when the reason for the measure is due to the detention of the mother or father, many children in social care are unaware of this fact. Many children may want to know where their parents are, why they are not coming to see them, when they will be able to live with their parents, and how their parents are doing. In creating a child’s nurturing and educational environment based on the protection of the “best interests of the child,” support from the child’s perspective must be provided through organic collaboration with other agencies. This report outlines the current situation and issues surrounding social foster care, including the current status or child abuse consultation and response, types of social foster care and reasons for measures, and then examines support for children whose parents are detained.
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친밀한 관계로부터의 폭력이 가족법제에 미치는 영향과 금후의 피해자 지원 형태
마츠무라우타코 ( Matsumura Utako ) 아세아여성법학연구소 2016 아세아여성법학 Vol.19 No.-
When the violence from intimate partner is occurred in private space that called “Home”, mainly the violence is forced to women and children who are the weak members of family. In the Domestic Violence Prevention Act of 2001 (`DV Prevention Act`), DV is defined as “violence between spouses” and it seems to provide it in a gender-neutral way. But in the preface of the DV Act, it is in fact regarded as an issue of Violence Against Women (VAW), it is an issue of VAW in that most of the victims are women. The passage of the DV Prevention Act carries significance for the fact that it stipulates that DV is not merely a dispute between spouses, but that the Japanese Government bears responsibility for developing DV policy. On the other hand, 70 years have passed after the war, can the family law correspond to individual`s needs, while the trend has changed toward the nuclear family, increase of a dual career family and the state of the family and a way of thinking to the family diversity is verified as “single, unmarried, divorce and remarriage”? In fact, there are various situations that has come to clarify by gender unequalness and party`s asymmetry. In Japan, legal frameworks for DV, stalker, child abuse, elder abuse etc., that facilitate intervention into problems that arise between family members and other close relationships have been developed, but these are all codified in separate legal documents. In this Article, I will discuss how does the problem of violence from intimate partner concern to the family law, and what kind of modern problem has formed in the family law by DV, and what shall we do support for victims from now.
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