農村새마을指導者의 Leadership에 關한 硏究

류태보 대구대학교 새마을지역사회개발연구소 1979 지역사회개발논총(地域社會開發論叢) Vol.2 No.-

A. Summary The present attempts theoretical approaches and analyses of substantial data as follows: 1. Theoretical Approaches 1) The most important factor to powerfully develop the Saemaul Movoment is a competent leader who is equipped with a positive vision and strong will. 2) In case that an external leader directly Interferes in any Saemaul Plans,there may be a hard negative reaction from inhabitants of the community. 3) The leader's function isto grasp the situations and conditions of the community, to find out necessary issues, to plan projects, to spur the inhabitant's will to live better, to introduce aids from outside, and to estimate and report and keep the results of the project. Accordingly he must be a co-ordinator as well as a leader. 4) The movement needs a steady systematic contrivance to effectively grow capable leaders of the drive. And it is desirable to establish a prize awarding system to excite leaders' morale. On the contrary, if they are overloaded with administrative duties by the authories, their morale may come down. 2. Substantial Data Analyses Among all the awarded leaders, people in the forties of age are about half in number, and the average age ins 43.5.And the number of the leaders who have had high school education or over is about half. About 45% have the career as a leader for more than seven years. The comparison and analysis of the outcomes of the questionaires given to the leaders divided into two groups-awarded and non-awarded-shows the types and characteristics as following. 1. Types of Leadership 1) From the viewpoint of the leaders' recognition of responsibility, the (9.9) type covers 90% or so. That is, about 90% of them have tried to carry more effectively their responsibility through immediate communication with the inhabitants and their participation in the decision making. 2) In the process of decision making, the (9.9), the (1.9), the (5.5) types are equally distributed. In other words, in a third of all cases, decision is made by a group of representatives from the inhabitants; in another third cases, by the inhabitants themselves;and in the last third cases, by the leader who makes allowance for the members' opinions. 3) When the leader's opinion is different from the members', decisions are made as shown in the (1.9) type and the (9.9) type in proportion of 30% and 50% respectively. And it is desirable the leader to make the members understand the situation when there are any differences in opinions during the course of pushing the project after decision making. 4) When opinions are oppositely different between the leader and the members, decision making of the (1.9) type is more often taken by the non-awarded group (63%) than by the awarded group (48.7%). In case of the (9.9) type, however, the awarded group (29.5%) is higher than the non-awarded group (23.5%). This means that the non-awarded belong to the community which has not awoke from the stubborn conservativeness. 5) In creatively pursuing an innovative development of the community and its inhabitants, the (9.9)type covers above 70%. This is paraphrased that the creative innovation can be achieved more easily by the leaders who understand well the village's real problem, who are able to persuade the members to understand the nature of the task, and who analyse and estimate the results. To sum up the above, the average type of leadership is the (5.9). That is, Saemaul leaders mostly have rather high interest in human relation,but comparatively low interest in achievement of the aimed program. Meanwhile the awarded are much more interested in the program accomplishment than the non-awarded are. 2. Characteristics of Leadership 1) In 'objectivity,' about 35~40% of all the Saemaul leaders are poor (10~20), about 56~61% are fair (30~40), but few are excellent (50~60). This phenomenon seems to originate from the closed social structure of the village. 2) In 'understanding,' avove 60% are fair. And in the 'excellent' zone, the awarded (34.7%)are higher than the non-awarded (20.4). 3) In 'flexibility,' a little higher percentage in the 'poor' zone is occupied by the awarded group (41.7%)rather than by the non-awarded (34.6%). Leaders with fair flexibility are 57.7% in the former group and 64.8% in the latter. Like this, the number of Saemaul leaders who have flexibility is comparatively small. Such result may have come from poor social mobility and the colsed social structure. 4) 'Communication' between Saemaul leaders and members is somewhat high. Since Saemaul leaders should play their role as a counsellor to the inhabitants, the above-mentioned phenomenon is worthy to welcome. 5) 'Use of authority' is comparatively high: 60%, fiar; 27%, excellent. In brief, the awarded leaders are higher in 'understanding' and 'communication' than the non-awarded, while the latter group is a little higher in 'flexibility' than the former, 'objectivity' and 'use of authority' are both similiar. B. Suggestions On the basis of the study above, we might make some suggestions: 1. To elect a Saemaul leader who is in the forties of age, and has had high school education or more. 2. To give equal chances for Saemaul training to the leaders of all the other parts in the community, in view of growing the potentiality of leadership for the Saemaul Movement. 3. To raise the leader's interest in 'goal accomplishment' through more practical education of Saemaul Spirit, in view of hiking the leadership up to the level of the (9.9) type. 4. To give the leaders more chances to broaden their social experiences in view of strengthening their 'objectivity' and 'flexibilty.' 5. For a leader to understand as many problems and troubles of the inhabitants as he cna. 'Understanding' is one of the most important factors to make a Saemaul movement successful.

사회복지관 프로그램으로서 청소년의 건전한 성격개발을 위한 교류분석접근

류태보 한국 정신보건 사회사업학회 1994 정신보건과 사회사업 Vol.1 No.-

This study is to suggest a practice process of a community welfare center program and analyse the effectiveness by means of transactional analysis developed by Eric Berne as a personality theory and a psychotherapy in order for the community welfare center to apply the program to help adolescents to develop healthy personality. The training group in the program is consisted of 13 of first year high school students who used the community welfare center services, while the comparison group is consisted of 12 students. A full program course including 1 session for group introduction, 8 sessions for practice program and 1 session for follow-up service was administered to the training group from October 12, 1993 to January 6, 1994. When comparing the results of pretest and posttest egogram of this program, it weas shown that there was a significant difference between the two tests in the training group. But there wasn't in the comparison group. Therefore, it is apparent that this program is effective in the development of students' personality-egogram change(personality change). All members of the training group answered that their personality type is mostly in accord with egogram, that it is relatively easy to understand and practice the terminologies of transactional analysis, and that the program helps them to understand and improve their personality.

교류분석에서 Role Lettering 의 도입기법

류태보 한국 정신보건 사회사업학회 2000 정신보건과 사회사업 Vol.10 No.-

교류분석은 정동적, 행동적, 인지적 접근을 통합한 효과적 심리치료이다. 교류분석은 인지와 행동적 접근이 먼저 발달되었으며, 정동적 접근은 계속 발전을 해오고 있다. 그 중에서 1984년 일본의 사회복지학과 春口德雄 교수가 일본교류분석학회에 처음 발표한 것이 Role Lettering(RL, 역할교환편지기법)이다. RL은 Gestalt치료의 빈 의자기법에서 힌트를 얻어 개발한 것으로 왕복 편지를 통하여 자각을 중심으로 한 자기 상담과 대결에 의하여 심리적 통합을 도모하는 기법이다. 현재 일본에서 RL을 정신장애 분야, 교정교육현장과 교육현장에서 적용하고 있으며, 그 효과를 입증하고 있다. 그러나 우리 나라에서는 RL을 본 연구자가 처음 발표한 후 연구가 제대로 되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통해 정신장애의 분야를 포함하여 사회복지의 현장에서 교류분석을 활용함에 있어 클라이언트가 RL을 실천해 나아갈 수 있도록 그 도입의 기법과 적용과정에서 문제의 해결방법을 구체적으로 제공하여 정동적 접근을 보다 효율적으로 해 나가는 데 도움을 주고자 한다. Transactional Analysis(TA) is an effective method of psychotherapy, integrating affective, behavioral and cognitive approaches. The development of cognitive approach and behavioral approach preceded that of affective approach, which is still under development. Role Lettering(RL), first suggested by Haruguchi Tokuo in 1984 is one of the methods in affective approach. The technique, developed from the technique of empty chair, aims at the psychological integration through mutual correspondence, centering self-awareness by way of self-counseling and confrontation. Recently in Japan, the technique has been employed in the field of mental disorders, correctional education or common education by many therapists and teachers. In Korea, however, I haven't seen any conspicuous report for the technique ever since my first report. Therefore, this study will help to enhance the employment of this technique through the detailed and specific explanation of the method in order for the client to practice the RL in the filed of mental disorder as well as in the field of social welfare. We suggested the specific methods and examples of RL such as the analysis of interviews, diaries, compositions, topics of talks, direct responses of letters. We also proposed the ways how to deal with the situations such as when sentences are incomplete, when the client ignores the other's feelings and when the content of RL is superficial.

비행청소년의 성격개선을 위한 교류분석치료의 이론적 배경

류태보 경북실업전문대학 1996 慶北實業專門大學論文集 Vol.15 No.1

최근 우리나라 청소년비행은 커다란 사회문제로 대두되어 이들에 대한 효과적인 치료접근을 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 소년원의 비행청소년에 대한 교정처우는 입원자 교육, 기본교육과 사회복귀교육의 3단계로 나누어 실시하고 있으나, 거의 대부분이 교과교육, 생활지도와 특별활동이 중심이고 치료적 접근을 극히 일부에 지나지 않는다. 비행청소년의 교정은 성격의 교정을 의미하고, 교정처우의 기본원리는 치료적 접근이어야 하는데, 현실적으로 볼 때 구체적으로 비행청소년의 성격을 교정하기 위해 적용할 수 있는 훈련프로그램이 없다 그래서 본 연구에서는 비행청소년의 성격을 개선하기 위하여 E. Berne이 개발한 성격이론이며 심리치료모델인 교류분석에 의한 훈련프로그램을 실시하기 위한 전 단계로서 이론적 배경을 구축하는 데 있다. 그러므로 현재 소년원에서의 비행청소년에 대한 교정교육의 방법, 교류분석의 발달과 그에 의한 비행청소년의 치료효과를 검토하였고, 마지막으로 교류분석의 구성이론 즉 구조분석, 교류패턴분석, 스트로크, 시간의 구조화, 기본적, 인생태도, 게임분석, 각본 분석을 개관하여 차기 훈련프로그램에 적용 가능한 이론적 배경을 검토해 보았다.

農村새마을指導者의 Leadership에 關한 硏究

류태보 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1979 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

A. Summary The present attempts theoretical approaches and analyses of substantial data as follows: 1. Theoretical Approaches 1) The most important factor to powerfully develop the Saemaul Movoment is a competent leader who is equipped with a positive vision and strong will. 2) In case that an external leader directly Interferes in any Saemaul Plans,there may be a hard negative reaction from inhabitants of the community. 3) The leader's function isto grasp the situations and conditions of the community, to find out necessary issues, to plan projects, to spur the inhabitant's will to live better, to introduce aids from outside, and to estimate and report and keep the results of the project. Accordingly he must be a co-ordinator as well as a leader. 4) The movement needs a steady systematic contrivance to effectively grow capable leaders of the drive. And it is desirable to establish a prize awarding system to excite leaders' morale. On the contrary, if they are overloaded with administrative duties by the authories, their morale may come down. 2. Substantial Data Analyses Among all the awarded leaders, people in the forties of age are about half in number, and the average age ins 43.5.And the number of the leaders who have had high school education or over is about half. About 45% have the career as a leader for more than seven years. The comparison and analysis of the outcomes of the questionaires given to the leaders divided into two groups-awarded and non-awarded-shows the types and characteristics as following. 1. Types of Leadership 1) From the viewpoint of the leaders' recognition of responsibility, the (9.9) type covers 90% or so. That is, about 90% of them have tried to carry more effectively their responsibility through immediate communication with the inhabitants and their participation in the decision making. 2) In the process of decision making, the (9.9), the (1.9), the (5.5) types are equally distributed. In other words, in a third of all cases, decision is made by a group of representatives from the inhabitants; in another third cases, by the inhabitants themselves;and in the last third cases, by the leader who makes allowance for the members' opinions. 3) When the leader's opinion is different from the members', decisions are made as shown in the (1.9) type and the (9.9) type in proportion of 30% and 50% respectively. And it is desirable the leader to make the members understand the situation when there are any differences in opinions during the course of pushing the project after decision making. 4) When opinions are oppositely different between the leader and the members, decision making of the (1.9) type is more often taken by the non-awarded group (63%) than by the awarded group (48.7%). In case of the (9.9) type, however, the awarded group (29.5%) is higher than the non-awarded group (23.5%). This means that the non-awarded belong to the community which has not awoke from the stubborn conservativeness. 5) In creatively pursuing an innovative development of the community and its inhabitants, the (9.9)type covers above 70%. This is paraphrased that the creative innovation can be achieved more easily by the leaders who understand well the village's real problem, who are able to persuade the members to understand the nature of the task, and who analyse and estimate the results. To sum up the above, the average type of leadership is the (5.9). That is, Saemaul leaders mostly have rather high interest in human relation,but comparatively low interest in achievement of the aimed program. Meanwhile the awarded are much more interested in the program accomplishment than the non-awarded are. 2. Characteristics of Leadership 1) In 'objectivity,' about 35~40% of all the Saemaul leaders are poor (10~20), about 56~61% are fair (30~40), but few are excellent (50~60). This phenomenon seems to originate from the closed social structure of the village. 2) In 'understanding,' avove 60% are fair. And in the 'excellent' zone, the awarded (34.7%)are higher than the non-awarded (20.4). 3) In 'flexibility,' a little higher percentage in the 'poor' zone is occupied by the awarded group (41.7%)rather than by the non-awarded (34.6%). Leaders with fair flexibility are 57.7% in the former group and 64.8% in the latter. Like this, the number of Saemaul leaders who have flexibility is comparatively small. Such result may have come from poor social mobility and the colsed social structure. 4) 'Communication' between Saemaul leaders and members is somewhat high. Since Saemaul leaders should play their role as a counsellor to the inhabitants, the above-mentioned phenomenon is worthy to welcome. 5) 'Use of authority' is comparatively high: 60%, fiar; 27%, excellent. In brief, the awarded leaders are higher in 'understanding' and 'communication' than the non-awarded, while the latter group is a little higher in 'flexibility' than the former, 'objectivity' and 'use of authority' are both similiar. B. Suggestions On the basis of the study above, we might make some suggestions: 1. To elect a Saemaul leader who is in the forties of age, and has had high school education or more. 2. To give equal chances for Saemaul training to the leaders of all the other parts in the community, in view of growing the potentiality of leadership for the Saemaul Movement. 3. To raise the leader's interest in 'goal accomplishment' through more practical education of Saemaul Spirit, in view of hiking the leadership up to the level of the (9.9) type. 4. To give the leaders more chances to broaden their social experiences in view of strengthening their 'objectivity' and 'flexibilty.' 5. For a leader to understand as many problems and troubles of the inhabitants as he cna. 'Understanding' is one of the most important factors to make a Saemaul movement successful.

Community Work의 槪念에 관한 序說的 硏究

류태보 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1981 社會福祉硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Community development and community organization have been developed by doing historical background with a difference each other. Early in the days, community development put largely emphasis on the improve ment of basic living-conditions with the object of the agricultural village of an underdeveloped country, and community organization in the developed country, specially was used in case of wanting integration and initiative of the high-degree of the city. But, nowadays, the underdeveloped country as well as the advanced country are using each of them together, and they are being used with similar conceptions for it becomes hard for us to distinguish both by means of the object and aim. Then, community work by inclusive conception is that the method to advance an interaction of individual and living in group for the purpose of welfare of community inhabitants, advancing capacity of community by strengthening social functions, I introduced community work by combination with two terms to you community development and community organization. From now on, I intend to make a study- of community work more systematically.

회복기 정신분열증환자의 사회기능 향상을 위한 교류분석 프로그램의 효과

김미락,류태보 한국교류분석협회 1998 교류분석과 심리사회치료 연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 회복기에 있는 정신분열증환자를 대상으로 교류분석 치료프로그램을 실시하여 대인관계와 자아기능에 어떤 변화를 가져왔는지를 분석하여 정신분열증환자의 사회복귀를 위한 프로그램으로서의 활용 가능성을 탐색하기 위한 연구이다. 현재 우리나라에서는 정신분열증환자의 심리사회적재활 프로그램이 시도되고 있으나 성격 개선에 초점을 둔 집단프로그램은 그리 많지 않으며, 교류분석적 치료 개입의 시도는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구는 환자의 사회재활 차원으로서 의미있는 일이라 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과 교류분석치료 프로그램이 회복기 정신분열증 환자들의 대인관계에 크게 기여하고 있음을 확인하게 되었고, 자아기능의 강화와 사회기능이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다.