수평 실린더에서의 서리 생성에 대한 환경 변수들의 영향

류인상,노승탁,이윤빈 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.26 No.2

BCG 투여가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성에 미치는 영향

류인상,고정식,박경호,박대균 대한체질인류학회 2008 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.51 No.-

실리콘 나노와이어 N-채널 GAA MOSFET의 항복특성

류인상,김보미,이예린,박종태,Ryu, In Sang,Kim, Bo Mi,Lee, Ye Lin,Park, Jong Tae 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

본 논문에서는 나노와이어 N-채널 GAA MOSFET의 항복전압 특성을 측정과 3 차원 소자 시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하였다. 측정에 사용된 나노와이어 GAA MOSFET는 게이트 길이가 250nm이며 게이트 절연층 두께는 6nm이며 채널 폭은 400nm부터 3.2um이다. 측정 결과로부터 나노와이어 GAA MOSFET의 항복전압은 게이트 전압에 따라 감소하다가 높은 게이트 전압에서는 증가하였다. 나노와이어의 채널 폭이 증가할수록 항복전압이 감소한 것은 floating body 현상으로 채널의 포텐셜이 증가하여 기생 바이폴라 트랜지스터의 전류 이득이 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 게이트 스트레스로 게이트 절연층에 양의 전하가 포획되면 채널 포텐셜이 증가하여 항복전압이 감소하고 음의 전하가 포획되면 포텐셜이 감소하여 항복전압이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 항복전압의 측정결과는 소자 시뮬레이션의 포텐셜 분포와 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다. In this thesis, the breakdown voltage characteristics of silicon nanowire N-channel GAA MOSFETs were analyzed through experiments and 3-dimensional device simulation. GAA MOSFETs with the gate length of 250nm, the gate dielectrics thickness of 6nm and the channel width ranged from 400nm to 3.2um were used. The breakdown voltage was decreased with increasing gate voltage but it was increased at high gate voltage. The decrease of breakdown voltage with increasing channel width is believed due to the increased current gain of parasitic transistor, which was resulted from the increased potential in channel center through floating body effects. When the positive charge was trapped into the gate dielectrics after gate stress, the breakdown voltage was decreased due to the increased potential in channel center. When the negative charge was trapped into the gate dielectrics after gate stress, the breakdown voltage was increased due to the decreased potential in channel center. We confirmed that the measurement results were agreed with the device simulation results.

BCG가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐 위점막 으뜸세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

류인상,안의태,박경호,박대균,김명수,고정식,Ryoo, In-Sang,Ahn, E-Tay,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, Dae-Kyoon,Kim, Myeong-Soo,Ko, Jeong-Sik 한국현미경학회 2005 Applied microscopy Vol.35 No.3

이 연구는 생쥐의 샅부위에 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 후 BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 으뜸세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 ICR생쥐를 사용하였으며 정상대조군과 실험군으로 구분하였다. 정상대조군 이외의 실험군 동물들은 샅부위 피부밑조직에 각각 $1x10^7$개의 Ehrlich암세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG 투여군은 BCG를 피부밑조직에 격일 간격으로 7회 투여했으며, 종양대조군은 암세포이식 후에 약제 대신 0.2 mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 격일간격으로 7회 주사하였고, 정상대조군은 암세포를 이식하지 않은 동물을 사용하였다. 모든 실험군은 마지막 주사한 다음날 오전 10시에서 11시 사이에 ether마취하에 앞배벽을 열어 위조직을 절취하였다. 절취한 조직은 통상적인 방법으로 전자현미경관찰을 위한 표본을 작성한 후, JEM 100 CX-II 전자현미경으로 비교 관찰하였다. 각 세포는 5,300 배율로 촬영한 후 3배로 확대 인화한 사진을 비교 관찰하였으며, 각 실험군마다 200개 이상의 과립의 지름과 사립체의 크기(장경)를 측정하였으며 student-t test를 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. BCG 투여군의 으뜸세포는 과립세포질세망과 골지복합체의 수조가 다소 팽대되고 수초구조가 다소 많이 관찰되는 이외는 정상대조군에 비해 큰 차이가 없었다. 으뜸 세포의 분비과립의 크기는 정상대조군, 종양대조군 및 BCG 투여군의 경우 각각 $0.98({\pm}0.108){\mu}m,\;1.05({\pm}0.092){\mu}m$ 및 $0.93({\pm}0.053){\mu}m$ 였다. 으뜸세포의 사립체의 크기는 정상대조군, 종양대조군 및 BCG 투여군이 각각 $0.80({\pm}0.130){\mu}m,\;0.83({\pm}0.143){\mu}m$ 및 $0.72({\pm}0.078){\mu}m$ 였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막으뜸세포의 분비과립이 약간 작아지는 등 분비기능이 다소 억제되나 그 정도가 경미하여 으뜸세포의 분비기능에 큰 손상을 주지 않는 것으로 생각된다. This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric chief cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (experimental control group and BCG treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1x10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the last injection, each mouse was sacrificed. Pieces of the tissue were taken from the stomach, prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The size of zymogen granule and the size of the mitochondrion of the gastric chief cells were observed and calculated. In the BCG treated group, most chief cells did not show any difference in ultrastructure, except that myelin figures were more frequently observed, in comparison with that of nornmal control group. The size of zymogen granule in the gastric chief cells of normal control, experimental control and BCG-treated groups were $0.98({\pm}0.108){\mu}m,\;1.05({\pm}0.092){\mu}m\;and\;0.93({\pm}0.053){\mu}m$, respectively. And the mitochondrial size of the gastric chief cells of normal control, experimental control and BCG-treated groups were $0.80({\pm}0.130){\mu}m,\;0.83({\pm}0.143){\mu}m\;and\;0.72({\pm}0.078){\mu}m$, respectively. From the above results, it was concluded that BCG may slightly suppress function of the gastric chief cells.

수평 실린더에서의 서리 생성에 대한 환경변수들의 영향

류인상(In Sang Ryu),이윤빈(Yoon Been Lee),노승탁(Sung Tack Ro) 대한설비공학회 2000 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

20세 전후의 남성에서 포경수술 유무에 따른 음경 길이에 관한 고찰

황인상,김강원,류수방 대한비뇨의학회 2005 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.46 No.6

Purpose: There have been a few reports investigating the measurement of penile lengths, but none that compare the results of circumcision with penile length. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between penile length and circumcision, and the mean penile length of physically and sexually active young men in Korea. Materials and Methods: The penile lengths in the flaccid and stretched states were measured, between November 2002 and April 2003, in a random group of 2,335 young men without endocrine disorders or an anomaly of the penis. Patients were classified as circumcised(group 1, n=1,767) or uncircumcised(group 2, n=568). The age, body height, body weight, and flaccid and stretched penile lengths were analyzed. Results: The mean values of the flaccid and stretched penile lengths were 7.92±3.00 and 12.03±2.66cm, and 8.07±1.19 and 11.71±1.81cm in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with statistical significance according to the stretched length between the two groups(p<0.05). The flaccid and stretched lengths were correlated with height and weight in group 1(p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we confirmed the normal range for penile length of young adults in Korea. The results of this study showed that a circumcision did not influence the penile length or increase the penile length postoperatively.

BCG가 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 생쥐의 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성 및 미세구조에 미치는 영향

고정식,류인상,박경호,박대균,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Ryoo, In-Sang,Park, Kyung-Ho,Park, Dae-Kyoon 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.3

이 실험은 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후 BCG를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 상피세포의 형태학적 변화와 DNA합성능의 변화를 연구하고자 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 성숙한 생쥐(ICR계통)를 정상대조군, 종양세포이식대조군(종양대조군), 종양세포이식후 BCG투여군(BCG투여군)으로 구분하였다. 종양대조군과 BCG투여군 동물들은 샅부위 피하에 각각 $1{\times}10^7$의 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG ($0.6{\times}10^8{\sim}6.4{\times}10^8$ CFU, 27 mg/vial, Connaught Lab., Canada)를 하루건너 한 번씩 피부밑조직에 주사하였으며, 종양대조군은 종양세포이식 후에 BCG 대신 0.2mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 주사하였다. 자기방사법적 관찰을 위해서는 BCG를 마지막으로 주사한 다음날 $^3H$-thymidine (methyl-$^3H$-thymidine: specific activity 25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) 0.7${\mu}Ci/gm$를 꼬리정맥에 주사하고, 70분 후 도살하여 위조직을 떼어내어 10% formalin에 고정하였다. 자기방사표본관찰은 위점막 조직이 세로로 잘 절단된 부위를 택하여 점막근육판을 따라 점막길이 3.5mm의 위점막 조직에 분포하는 $^3H$-thymidine 표지세포의 수를 계수하였으며, 일반조직 관찰을 위해서는 hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)염색을 시행하였다. 전자현미경 관찰을 위해서는 떼어낸 위조직을 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde 혼합액에 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide 액에 다시 고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 광학현미경적 관찰에서 종양대조군과 BCG투여군은 위점막 조직에서 형태적으로 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 전자현미경적 관찰에서 BCG투여군의 점액상피세포는 전체적인 모습이 정상대조군과 종양대조군의 소견과 유사하였으나 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비해 수초구조와 뭇소포체(multivesicular body) 및 전자밀도가 높은 큰 미토콘드리아속과립이 자주 관찰되었다. 자기방사법적 관찰에서 정상대조군, 종양대조군, BCG투여군은 점막길이 3.5 mm 당 출현하는 표지세포수가 각각 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) 및 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$)개이었으며, BCG투여군은 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비하여 표지된 은입자의 수가 매우 적어서 표지과립이 겨우 구별될 정도의 세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 동물에 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성을 효과적으로 억제하면서도 형태적인 변화가 매우 경미하였으며, 이러한 결과는 BCG가 항암치료 시 보조제로 사용할 수 있는 좋은 약제라고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG. Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (tumor control group and BCG-treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1{\times}10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of saline or BCG, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 ${\mu}Ci/g$ of methyl-$^3H$-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Deparaffinized sections were coated with autoradiographic emulsion EM-1 (Amersham Lab., England) in a dark room. The number of labeled epithelial cells in the gastric mucosae (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. And for electron microscopic observation, gastric tissues were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. On the light microscopic study, gastric mucosae had no morphological changes following the injection of BCG. On the electron microscopic study, in the BCG-treated mice, myelin figures and multivesicular bodies within the gastric epithelial cells were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control ones. On the autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, tumor control and BCG-treated mice were 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) and 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$), respectively. In the BCG-treated mice, poorly-labeled cells containing only a few silver grains of 3H-thymidine were observed more frequently as compared in those of the normal control and tumor control ones. From the above results, BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is expected as one of the effective supplemental anticancer drugs.

Traumatic Repetition and Writing as Awakening in Iris Murdoch’s The Black Prince

김일영,류인상 한국영어영문학회 2011 영어 영문학 Vol.57 No.3

Murdoch’s novel, The Black Prince, is not, as most critics have suggested,an autobiographical novel. It is about the inner life or rather trauma of Bradley Pearson, an artist who repeatedly dreams about a shabby paper shop which used to be run by his “unsuccessful” parents. In this respect, Freudian concept of trauma is helpful since it can explain Bradley’s present repetition of his past traumatic experience, while allowing us to understand the nature of his trauma which reveals itself not only through his repeated nightmares but also through the women who are represented as diverse versions of his mother, the origin of Bradley’s trauma. Caruth’s concept of traumatic awakening and traumatic survival is also instrumental in understanding the nature of the traumatic experience which Bradley undergoes in this novel. Induced by Loxias’s address,Bradley makes a confession of “the sins,” which makes possible his traumatic survival as well as traumatic awakening, which is transmitted not only to Loxias but also to us the readers. In this sense, the significance of Bradley’s awakening is not confined to his past only, but becomes a matter of a social dimension. The meaning of Bradley’s writing lies in this fact.

수평 실린더에서의 서리 생성에 대한 환경 변수들의 영향

이윤빈,류인상,노승탁,Lee, Yun-Bin,Ryu, In-Sang,No, Seung-Tak 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.26 No.2

It is known that frost formation on surfaces of the heat exchanger seriously affects the performance of the refrigeration system. Accordingly, defrosting should follow, and effective defrosting is possible only when both analytic tools and comprehensive experimental data on frost formation are assailable. An experimental investigation was undertaken to characterize the effect of environmental parameters on frost formation on a horizontal cylinder in cross uniform flow. Several experiments were carried out with various environmental parameters such as inlet air temperature, inlet air humidity, air velocity and cooling surface temperature. Frost thickness, mass, surface temperature and cylinder inner and outer temperature were measured at front and rear positions of the cylinder. Thickness, mass, density, and effective thermal conductivity of the frost layer were obtained from measured data and effects of environmental parameters on the frost formation were analyzed. Data from experiments were correlated using dimensionless variables.

요실금수술 후 방광내 이물에 발생한 방광결석

오병석,황인상,강택원,권동득,박광성,류수방,박양일 대한비뇨의학회 2005 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.46 No.5

There have been several recent reports on bladder calculi in women with a previous history of pelvic operation. We experienced 3 patients with foreign body induced bladder stones within 1 year. These calculi had formed on a retained intravesical non-absorbable sutures or a pledget. The radiological and cystoscopic findings and operative technique are discussed.