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Application of Regularization Method to Angle - resolved XPS Data
노철언(Chul-Un Ro) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1996 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.5 No.2
각분해 X-선광전자분광법 데이터로부터 화학종의 깊이분포에 대한 정보를 얻기 위한 두가지 종류의 regularization 방법 (singular system과 HMP 방법)을 연구하였다. 두 방법은 매우 다른 알고리즘을 채택하고 있지만 정성적으로 유사한 결과를 보였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 ARXPS 데이터에 regularization 방법을 적용 하였을 때 복잡한 형태의 깊이분포를 가진 시료에 대하여 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 이방법으로부터 상당한 양의 실험오차를 가지고 있는 데이터로부터 의미 있는 깊이분포를 얻을 수 있었다. generalized cross-validation 방법을 이용하여 ARXPS 데이터로부터 regularization 방법에서 중요한 변수인 smoothing parameter 값의 최적치를 자동으로 구하도록 하였다. Two types of regularization method (singular system and HMP approaches) for generating depth-concentration profiles from angle-resolved XPS data were evaluated. Both approaches showed qualitatively similar results although they employed different numerical algorithms. The application of the regularization method to simulated data demonstrates its excellent utility for the complex depth profile system. It includes the stable restoration of the depth-concentration profiles from the data with considerable random error and the self choice of smoothing parameter that is imperative for the successful application of the regularization method. The self choice of smoothing parameter is based on generalized cross-validation method which lets the data themselves choose the optimal value of the parameter.
대도시의 입자상 물질이 A549와 RAW 264.7 세포에 미치는 영향
박영만,김지홍,김경아,노철언,김형중,임영,Baak, Young-Mann,Kim, Ji-Hong,Kim, Kyoung-Ah,Ro, Chul-Un,Kim, Hyung-Jung,Lim, Young 대한예방의학회 2001 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.34 No.1
Objectives : To investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM), a marker of environmental pollution derived from combustion sources, on lung epithelial cells (A549) and macrophage (RAW 264.7). Methods : The production of reactive radicals from lung cells, the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, and the cytotoxicity of PM were measured using an in vitro model. The results were compared with a control group. Results : The presence of PM significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species with time and in a dose dependent pattern and also increased the malondialdehyde concentration in lung epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of PM was increased with increasing concentration of PM. Conclusions : It has been suggested that urban particulate matter causes an inflammatory reaction in lung tissue through the production of hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxides and numerous cytokines. The causal chemical determinant responsible for these biologic effects are not well understood, but the bioavailable metal in PM seems to determine the tonicity of inhaled PM.