복지마을 만들기의 시점에서 본 일본의 케어타운 T시설에 있어 그 변화 - 개실화(個室化)유닛 케어를 포함한 기초적 고찰 -

노지화 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.9 No.4

A new type of nursing home was institutionalized in 2002 in Japan and the direction of policy for nursing care in Japan became the adoption of private rooms and small-group units care. The impelling force behind the adoption of this model is "Care town Takanosu," which is modeled on a health care center for the elderly in Denmark. Following a change of mayor and a merger of municipalities, the new administration requested a review of "Care-town Takanosu" with the aim of improving welfare management. One result was that the staff ratio at "care-town Takanosu" was reduced from 1.4 to 1 to 1.8 to 1. We examined the change of the standard of the care from the perspective of the users of the facility and performed a chi-square test comparing the results for the years 2000 v 2003, 2003 v 2006 and 2000 v 2006. The p-value of the test for 2003 v 2006 is slightly changed from that for 2000v 2003. However, there was no overall statistical significant difference for test for 2000 v 2006. This means that the original high level of nursing care service has been maintained by the efforts of the highly trained staff.

건축학 전공학생의 장애 경험에 따른 배리어프리 및 유니버설디자인 인식정도에 관한 연구

노지화 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.2

This study was designed to examine disability awareness in architectural students in five-year colleges in Busan based on the person’s experience with disability, and determine the degrees of recognition of and influences affecting universal design (UD) and barrier free (BF). SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used to perform cross tabulation analysis (chi-square test of independence), independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Scheffe’s test was used to make post-hoc comparisons. Also, Person’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression were employed. There was correlation between the BF and UD awareness of architectural students and their experiences with disabilities. Statistically, the awareness of those students who had selected design or architecture-related fields as their future career path was higher. There was also a tendency for the awareness of students who were further along in their studies and had more related learning experience, to seem to be higher. There was no statistically significant difference resulted from the subject’s disability experience. It was revealed that the correlations between the awareness of BF and UD, projecting oneself as a disabled person (r=0.344, p<0.001) and the assessment of the urban and building environments (r=0.336, p<0.001), seemed more closely correlated than that in other areas. 본 연구는 부산시내에 소재하는 5년제 건축학 전공학생을 대상으로 건축학교육 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여, 장애 경험에 따른 장애에 관한 인식도를 알아보고 유니버설디자인(universal design, 이하 UD)과 배리어프리(barrier free, 이하 BF)의 인식정도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악한 것이다. SAS 9.2(SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA)를 이용하여 교차분석(cross tabulation analysis: chi-square test of independence), 독립표본 t 검정(independent sample t-test) 및 일원배치 분산분석(one-way ANOVA)를 실시하고, 사후검정 방법으로 Scheffe's test를 사용하였다. 그 외에도 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson's correlation coefficients)와 다중회귀분석(multiple regression)을 통해 건축학 전공학생의 BF 및 UD에 대한 인식정도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 장애경험이 있는 경우의 인식정도가 유의하였고, 장래희망을 설계나 건축 관련 일을 선택한 경우가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 또한 학년이 높을수록, 스튜디오수업 중 관련학습경험이 있는 경우가 유의하게 증가하였다. 대상자특성에 따른 장애 경험정도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, UD개념을 정확히 이해하고 있는 대상자는 146명(60.8%)이었으나, BF 및 UD의 중요성이 인식되고 있다고 생각하는 대상자는 88명(36.2%)으로 나타났다. BF 및 UD에 대한 인식과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 장애상황 자기투영(r=0.344, p<0.001)과 도시 및 건축 환경에 대한 평가(r=0.336, p<0.001)에서 다른 영역에 비해 높은 상관성을 확인할 수 있었다.

수학 교사의 수업실천역량 향상을 위한 수업관찰도구의 역할

노지화 영남수학회 2023 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.39 No.2

The Korean government initiated an educational policy regulating academic acceleration in schools (e.g., regulating teaching or assessing above-grade-level content) in order to normalize public education and prevent the growth of private tutoring. To analyze whether the policy is achieving its intended goals, this study examined how high school mathematics teachers responded to the policy. The findings indicate four distinct teacher responses: the teachers would teach above-grade-level lessons in classes, but not assess them on a test; the teachers sought academic acceleration to prevent excessive private tutoring, although the policymakers thought that teachers’ academic acceleration results in an excessive demand for private tutoring; the teachers were willing to teach above-grade-level content for students, but they were reluctant to teach below-grade-level content due to the time constraints; and the teachers recognized that the policy limited their curricular autonomy, even though it was intended to ensure their autonomy. Implications for mathematics teacher educators and policymakers are discussed. Classroom observation instruments are often used to evaluate teachers’ instructional practices and provide feedback to inform interventions or research studies, or professional development efforts. While designed as research tools, many classroom observation instruments can provide important information to support teachers’ learning and instructional change by providing a focus for formative assessment or self-evaluation of practice. In this paper, we review two classroom observation tools and the protocols for their use with an implementation example for one of the tools. These tools are more foreign to the field compared to others but have features that might serve as affordances in relation to the purposes of a specific investigation.

일본의 대규모 고령자복지시설에 있어 소규모다기능형거택개호(小規模多技能型居宅介護)에 관한 고찰 - 컨조인트 분석에 의한 지역밀착형 서비스와 다기능형 서비스의 평가 -

노지화 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.9 No.3

In April 2006, the long-term nursing-care insurance system in Japan was revised, and a model called "small-scale, multi-functional home nursing care" was established. In future, the provision of care for the elderly will be directed towards care at home. How the services of large-scale facilities for the elderly should respond to this new model has been unclear. We conducted a questionnaire survey of staff at large, senior citizen welfare facilities consisting of four items regarding community-based service and of six items regarding multi-functional service for facilities for the elderly. We performed conjoint analysis on the findings to investigate which items these welfare facilities regard as important and how they intend to implement services in the future. The results indicated that for community-based service, the important items are "continuity of care" and "familiarity of relationships", for example, being cared for by the same staff. Conjoint analysis of the multi-functional service indicated that the most important items are "visit care" and "visit rehabilitation". Therefore, it is expected that large-scale facilities will proceed to develop care systems that can build and maintain familiar relationships and to provide 24 hour visiting care at home.

초청강연 5 : 수학수업의 담화와 교사의 역할

노지화 한국수학교육학회 2016 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2016 No.1

UD의 관점에서 살펴본 일본 고령자생활환경의 변화에 관한 고찰

노지화 동북아시아문화학회 2010 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.23

Korean people's social consciousness on elderly issues has changed since the Long-term Care Insurance System for the elderly of Korea was introduced on July 2008. This study through the concept of Universal Design examines a change of welfare facility for the elderly in Japan, where aging has previously proceeded and in-depth studies on the various fields including architectural environment for elderly people have actively been proceeding. The purpose of this study, from the Universal Design point of view, is to look for the relationship between the welfare policy and change in living environment and the concepts of Normalization, Barrier-Free Design, Eco Design, and Community Design. Therefore, this study is one of basic researches to reanalyze the key words of coexistence, commensalism, and independence in the 21th century changing into horizontal social structure including the physical change of environment, not with the concept of general design but with that of Universal Design.

일본 공동주택의 공간적 특징과 평면유닛에 관한 고찰 - 프라이버시와 목욕문화를 포함한 주거공간 -

노지화 대한건축학회지회연합회 2020 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.22 No.6

This study attempts to examine the characteristics of the living spaces of Japanese mansion in a nearby country that experienced westernization and modernization first, and how to establish the relationship between the overall room and living room or entrance through the plan type of each household. In other words, I will analyze the privacy and bathroom culture in the flat unit, and the spatial connectivity of the corridor, along with the differences in residential culture, and consider and analyze it from a spatial perspective. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the bathroom space, which originated from the unique bathing culture related to privacy, is mainly arranged near the entrance with the distinction between dry and wet spaces, and the traditional tatami mat is applied as a basic module to the present residential space. . In addition, the privacy of the family unit is divided into a separate door in the corridor, so that the living room and kitchen space are located independently. Through quantitative analysis, the ratio of bathroom space to the total area is kept constant, indicating that Japanese preferences and demands for bathroom space are superior to other spaces. Through the analysis of various unit plans, it was confirmed that the small-scale, multi-kind production method, which is more compact than Korea, is reflected in the housing supply policy.

문화적 관점에서 본 일본 사찰순례(寺刹巡禮)의 의미와 건축적 함의에 관한 연구

노지화 동북아시아문화학회 2011 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.29

The meaning of Japanese Temple Pilgrimages in a Cultural View and the Study of Architectural Implication Roh, Jih-Wa Hachijuhatkashomeguri(visits to 88 typical Budhists Temples), the typical Japanese Temple Pilgrimage, attempts to consider the cases related to the temple and its architectural features. Moreover, through the succession, preservation, and protection of the regional legacy, the sociocultural relationship and position, and architectural implications of temple architecture will be researched as well. Shikokuhenro provides storytelling sources due to the fact that it follows the accession of the Cobodaisi footsteps, and through each temple and its history, derivation, and the related tales. As the preservation and maintenance of the region's traditional temples are being practiced, the temple becomes linked to tourist commodification which stimulates the revitalization of the region's economy. It could be said that the way Shikokuhenro produces the value and unique architecture culture is quite significant. And therefore, the meaning and peculiar cultural phenomenon that Shikokuhenro produces are not just limited in a restricted, religious aspect, but they play a role that makes Japanese Temple Architecture naturally recognized to people and connect them to modern citizens as traditional rituals. Furthermore, they represent the modern design of Henrogoya, which reflects traditional culture. Lastly, the architectural meaning that projects made by the participations of the region's inhabitants symbolize the open and public characteristics of Buddhism as a whole. The original theory and structure of Buddhism Architecture are known as to have been following the proper principals of Buddhism itself. The architectural forms and remarks were figured as being arranged variously, based on the regional features of Henro course, which is distributed evenly across the four areas of Shikoku Region, Japan, along with particularity within individual temples.

노후생활의 물리적 공간 요구와 만족도에 관한 연구 - 포스트 코로나 시대 부산지역 고령자를 대상으로 -

노지화,홍경희 대한건축학회지회연합회 2023 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.25 No.1

According to data from the National Statistical Office, by 2022, Korea will enter a super-aged society, with the population aged 65 or older accounting for more than 20% of the total population. This global aging phenomenon requires deeper consideration of the physical environment along with inevitable social changes. Due to the corona pandemic, the isolation and social distancing of the elderly caused more difficulties in daily life by cutting off human and social relationships. Through this study, we seek to secure basic data to build a physical space that can increase the satisfaction of elderly people's life in their old age, and seek the direction of space creation accordingly. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 44 elderly people aged 65 or older residing in the Busan area. Through this study, the overall satisfaction with old age life was higher in the late elderly (75-85 years old) than in the early elderly (64-74 years old). The quality of life and satisfaction of the elderly were found to have the greatest impact on interpersonal and social relationships. In addition, it was confirmed once again that the basic requirement for creating a physical environment in which the elderly can increase their life satisfaction is interaction with people. Therefore, a physical environment such as a place where the elderly can comfortably interact with people and a space where they can participate in the community should be actively provided. 우리나라는 2022년에는 통계청 자료에 의하면 전체인구수 대비 65세 이상의 인구수의 비율이 20% 이상이 되는 초고령사회(super-aged society)에 진입하였다. 이러한 세계적인 고령화 현상은 피할 수 없는 사회변화와 함께 물리적 환경에 대한 더 깊은 고민을 요구한다. 코로나 팬데믹으로 고령자들에게 격리와 사회적 거리두기는 인간관계와 사회관계를 단절시킴으로 더 일상생활의 어려움을 겪게 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 고령자에게 있어 노후 삶의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 물리적 공간과 이에 따른 공간 조성의 방향성 정립을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 한다. 조사 도구 설문지를 제작하여 부산지역에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 고령자 44명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 후기고령자(75-85세)가 전기고령자(64-74세)에 비해 전반적인 노후생활의 만족도가 높음을 파악 할 수 있었고, 고령자에게 있어 삶의 질과 만족도는 인간관계, 사회관계의 영향이 가장 크다는 점을 알게 되었다. 또한 고령자에게 있어 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위한 물리적 환경을 조성하는데 필요한 기본 요건이 사람과의 교류임을 다시 한번 확인하였다. 따라서 노인들이 사람들과 편안하게 교류할 수 있는 장소, 공동체에 참여할 수 있는 공간 등의 물리적 환경이 적극적으로 제공되어야 한다.

노년기 행복감 증진을 위한 사회적 인프라에 관한 고찰

노지화 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2022 인문사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

The human feeling of happiness is a concept of an individual level of emotion, and it is a temporary state of experiencing a current positive emotional state or an emotional characteristic that does not last long and is also a subjective concept. The definition or perception of happiness has been discussed in various ways in human life, ranging from happiness index to happiness level. Above all, old age can contribute to life satisfaction and happiness when social and human relationships based on trust between family and neighbors, and social infrastructure, which is a physical environment, are combined with each other. Social infrastructure, abbreviated as social infrastructure, is a concept that broadly covers not only public facilities such as libraries, schools, and parks, but also facilities that provide a fixed physical space for people to gather. Among them, open and well-maintained parks can help the elderly to form natural human relationships. In addition, if the park can be used within a reasonable walking distance or can be accessed by using public transportation, it is thought that it will be possible to link with sustainable development with green infrastructure. Leisure activities and rest in well-managed green parks can positively induce a sense of community and citizenship along with a biophilia effect for the elderly in the city. Therefore, in this study, we tried to understand the basic role of social infrastructure for happiness in old age. Quantitative research and analysis in the park, a happy space of old age, which is getting longer after retirement, will be carried out in detail in a follow-up study. 인간의 행복감이라고 하는 감정은 개인 차원의 감정에 대한 개념이다. 행복감이란 현재의 긍정적인 감정 상태를 경험하는 일시적 상태 혹은 지속성이 길지 않다고 하는 감성적인 특성이며 주관적인 개념이기도 하다. 행복감에 대한 정의나 인식은 행복 지수, 행복도에 이르기까지 인간 삶에 있어 다양한 방식으로 논의됐다. 무엇보다도 인생에서 노년기는 여유 있는 삶의 시기로 그동안 하지 못했던 흥미와 관심 있는 일을 하면서 그 속에서 사회적 교류망과 신뢰할 수 있는 인간관계가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 고령자와 사회적 연결망을 지지해주는 공간으로서의 사회적 인프라에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 사회적 인프라는 공공시설인 도서관, 학교, 공원뿐만 아니라, 사람들이 모일 수 있는 고정된 물리적 공간을 제공하는 시설을 폭넓게 다루는 개념이다. 이론적 고찰을 통해 노년기의 여가활동은 답답한 실내보다는 자연풍경을 포함한 공원 등의 외부 공간을 선호하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그중에서도 특히 개방되고 자연으로 잘 조성된 공원은 고령자에게 자연스러운 인간관계 형성을 도우며 행복감 증진에 기여하고 있다. 따라서 지역사회의 연결망과 개인의 네트워크, 가족 이웃 간의 신뢰를 바탕으로 하는 사회적 관계 및 인간관계의 교류가 가능한 물리적 환경과 사회적 인프라는 노년기 삶의 만족도와 행복감 기여에 깊이 관계함을 파악할 수 있다. 또한 합리적 도보거리 내에 이용할 수 있거나 대중교통의 이용으로 접근이 가능한 공원이라면 녹색 인프라 스트럭쳐로 지속 가능한 발전과의 연계도 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 녹지가 잘 관리된 공원에서의 여가활동과 휴식은 도시 고령자에게는 바이오필리아 적 효과와 함께 공동체 의식과 시민성을 적극적으로 유도할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서 노년기의 행복감 증진을 위한 사회적 인프라의 역할은 어때야 하는지 기초적으로 파악해보았다. 은퇴 이후 길어져 가는 노년기의 행복한 공간인 공원에서의 정량적인 조사와 실증적 분석은 추후 후속 연구에서 구체적으로 진행하고자 한다.