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노영숙 東亞大學校 敎育大學院 1998 국내석사
고려 불교계는 13세기 후반 원의 간섭이 시작되면서 큰 변화를 겪게 되었다. 이 논문은 이 시기에 수선사 6세를 맡은 원감국사 충지의 사상경향과 현실인식을 그의 문집인 『圖鑑錄』를 통하여 살펴보고, 이를 통해 무신집권기 불교계를 대표했던 수선사의 변화를 이해하는데 목적이 있다. 원감국사 충지는 고종13년(1226)에 魏昭를 아버지로 원방대부인 송씨를 어머니로하여 정안에서 태어났다. 충지는 어려서부터 經書·사서에 남다른 재능을 보여주었고 19세 과거에 장원으로 급제하여 관직 생활을 하였다. 그러나 무신정권 하에서 유학의 한계를 절감하였고 몽고침략으로 사회혼란이 계속되자 구도자적인 욕구에서 출가를 결심한 것 같다. 충지의 기반이었던 수선사는 최씨 무신정권시대 최대 불교사원이었다. 무신의 난, 민란이 계속되던 암울한 사회에서 승려는 시대적 상황을 극복할 능력을 잃어버린채 재물을 탐내고 민간에서 불교는 구복적이고 미신화되어 버렸다. 이러한 시기에 불교계의 반성운동으로 시작된 지눌의 결사운동은 최씨 정권의 주목을 받게 되었다. 修禪社 2세인 慧諶대에 이르면 수선사는 불교 교단의 중심으로 성장한다. 최씨 무신정권은 지방사회의 향리층과 독서층이 지지하는 수선사를 지원함으로써 이들을 무신정권의 지지 세력으로 포섭하고자 하였다. 그러나 충지가 6세로 지냈던 시기는 수선사의 후원 세력인 최씨 무신정권이 무너지고 원 간섭이 시작되던 때였다. 원은 고려에 대한 간섭을 본격화하면서 불교계에 대해서도 보호와 통제라는 이중적인 불교정책을 펴고 있었다. 이에 따라 고려 불교계는 친원적 성향을 띠게 되었으며 원과 고려와의 체제에 순응하는 국가 불교적인 성향을 강하게 드러냈다. 당시 一然의 가지산문과 천태종의 묘련사 계열이 불교계를 주도하였다. 가지산문을 중심한 불교계의 중추세력은 원 간섭기라는 정치적 현실 속에서 대두한 보수세력과 결탁하였다. 그들은 당시에 드러난 불교의 타락상이나 고려와 원의 일본원정에 따른 민의 고통을 외면함으로써 불교의 사회적 기능을 스스로 축소시켜 나가고 있었다. 한편 수선사는 무신정권이 무너지면서 寺勢도 다른 교단에 비해 약해졌다. 원은 일본원정을 위한 막대한 양의 군량과 함선 및 군사를 준비하도록 고려에 강요하였다. 두 차례에 걸친 원정과 그 준비로 고려는 막대한 인적 물적 자원을 탕진하였다. 결국 수선사의 재정도 심각한 타격을 받았다. 이러한 상황에 원의 관리가 수선사 사유지에 전세를 징수하자 충지는 원 황제에게 면세를 요구하는 간절한 表文을 올렸다. 지배층과 불교계의 대부분이 反元的이지 못하고 오히려 원의 지지와 보호 하에서 그들의 지위를 유지하려고 하는 당시의 사회에서 승려의 입장으로 元帝에 표문을 올려 토지를 돌려 받았다는 것은 상당히 용기 있는 일이라 볼 수 있다. 그는 수선사 본래의 불교전통인 禪敎一致·간화선·유불일치 사상에 대해서는 단편적인 모습만 보이고 계승 발전시키지는 못하였다. 대신 참담한 이 현실을 극복하고 살아가는 생활자체가 禪이라고 하며 민의 마음을 위로하기에 적합한 미타신앙, 관음신앙을 중시하기도 하였다. 관음신앙은 현실적인 재난이나 어려움을 구하는 권능의 구제자로 관음에 의지하는 현세이익 위주의 신앙으로 생겨난 것이다. 이것은 당시 어려운 사회에서 민중의 마음에 위안을 주고 무언가 절대적인 것에 의지하여 괴로움 속에서도 살아 갈 수 있는 희망을 주기 위해 적극적으로 수용한 것이 아닌가 생각된다. 충지는 몽고의 일본원정 계획으로 민은 농기구·종자·군량 등을 징발 당하고, 오랜 군역에 동원됨으로써 농사철을 잃고 고통받는 농민의 참상을 외면하지 않고 그들의 괴로움을 해결하지 못하는 자신의 무력함을 한탄한다. 征東의 役의 피해를 표현한 시를 통해 충지의 현실인식을 살펴볼 수 있다. The Buddhist circle in the Koryo dynasty came to experience a great change through the Chinese dynasty Won's intervention in the late 13th century. In this turbulent era, High Priest Chungji (commonly called National Leader) served as the 6th chief priest of the temple Susonsa. This paper aims at understanding his philosophical trend and consciousness of the reality expressed in his collected poems titled Wongamnok. Chungji was born in Chongan in 1226, and mother Song, he showed a lot of talents and passed the state examination to enter the bureaucratic world. However, seeing social chaos under the military rule of the Choes and Won's invasion, he made up his mind to pursue the Buddhist truth by becoming a monk as a way of saving the world. Susonsa, his home and foothld, was the greatest temple at that time. In the dark and dark and gloomy society, monks were indulged in coveting the wealth and the people sought present-day fortune only Thus Buddhism did not suggest any direction for the society to get over the crisis and was merely regarded as a superstition. At last, High Priest Chinul staged a national campaign of purifying and developing the national religion. Susonsa became the center of the Buddhist circle at the term of the 2nd chief priest Hyeshim. The then ruling Choes wanted to take hold of the temple supported by lots of regional scholars. But during the service of Chungji,. the iron rule of the Choe family was about to decline and Won's interference started. The Won dynasty maintained a dual policy of protectining and controlling Koryo Buddhism. As a result, the Buddhist world got friendly with Won, while adjusting to the systems of the two dynasties. At that time High Priest Iryon and the Chontaejong led the Buddhist circle and shook hands with the conservative forces, overlooking the people's difficulties following the invasion into Japan and thus meglecting the social function of Buddhism. As the Choes' rule withered, so did the power of Susonsa. For the invasion of the east dynasty Japan, Won demanded a lot of supplies and soldiers from Koryo. For the two attacks and their preparations, Koryo wasted enormous materials and this broght about a severe damage to the finance of Susonsa. When the Won officials ordered a tax to the land of the temple, Chungji appealed to the Won emperor to ask that it should be exempt. This required great courage from him as a status of the monk since both the ruling class and monks tried to maintain their social privilege under the protective support of Won. the Buddhist circle in the 13th-century Koryo, a period of national crisis by submission to Won tended to be compromising and conservative. As the chief priest of Susonsa, Chungji expressed the extreme difficulties of the people, particularly in the wake of Koryo and Won's invasion of Japan, in his writings. So his poetry was ameans of an indirect protest to the increasing intervention of Won. Chungji did mot succeed and develop the temple's traditional doctrine that zen and Buddha's teaching are the same. Instead, he considered zen the living itself to overcome the miserable reality and laid a focus on the faith in Amita Buddha. This kind of belief served as a real help to the ordinary people because Amita was thought of as something absolute to give lasting comfort and hope free from the miseries and hardships of the reality. the people in the late 13th century were deprived of their belongins and even their lives for the war with Japan. Realizing this reality, Chungji endeavored a lot to help the farmers with the Amita buddha-based faith and depicted his helplessness in his poems collected in Wongamnok.
This study was analyze the positive and negative images about school which appear in picture-books and find out what kind of school image infants are exposed to in the picture-books. For the purpose of this study, the issues are presented as follows: Study issue 1. How often do the school images of designated categories appear in picture books? Study issue 2. What is the value system (Positive/Negative/Neutral) of the school images which appear in picture books? 2-1. What is the quantitative composition (Positive/Negative/Neutral) of the school images which appear in picture books? 2-2. What is the qualitative content of the value system (Positive/Negative/Neutral) of the school images which appear in picture books? For the analysis of the school images, based on the categories suggested by Dockett, Perry and Whitton (2006), the quantitative and qualitative analysis results from each scene are as follows. Firstly, the school images appears in picture books 985 times in total. In each category, teacher - 211 times (21.4%) which appears most often, knowledge - 148 times (15.0%), attitude and disposition 134 times (13.6%), adjustment 130 times (13.2%), educational environment 123 times (12.5%), regulations 95 times (9.6%), family issues 93 times (9.4%), physical issues 27 times (2.7%), special needs 24 times (2.4%). So we see that "Teacher" has the highest mark and "Special needs" has the lowest mark. Secondly, I divided the value system of school images which appear in picture books into two different parts as quantity aspect and quality aspect. First of all, research result of the value system (Positive/Negative/Neutral) in the quantitative aspect shows that the proportion and frequency of the following categories in picture books are as follows. The positive expression for Teacher is 57.3%(121 times), negative expression is 42.7%(90 times), the positive expression and negative expression for Attitude and Tendency is the same at 50.0%(67 times). Also, the positive expression for adjustmen is 69.2%(106 times), negative expression is 30.8%(40 times) which is more than twice as many positive expressions as negative. The positive expression for Knowledge is 7.6%(106 times), negative expression is 26.4%(39회) which is 3 times as many positive expressions as negative. However, the positive expression for Regulation is 36.8% (35 times) and the negative expression is 57.9%(55 times) which appeared a lot more. The negative expression for Family participation problem is 15.0% (14 times) while the positive expression is 80.6%(75 times) which is about 5 times more. The positive expression for Special desire is 75.0%(18 times) and the negative expression is 25.0%(6 times) which is 3 times more than the positive expression. The positive expression for educational environment is 68.3%(84 times), the negative expression is 28.5%(35 times) which means positive expression is more than twice as big in number. Finally, the positive expression for physical problems is 55.6%(15 times), the negative expression is 44.4%(12 times). Neutral expressions are very few, such as regulations 5.3%(5 times), Family participation problems 4.3%(4 times), educational environment 3.3%(4 times), and Knowledge 2.0%(3 times). Next, examining the texts and picture texts in the qualitative aspect of the value system(Positive/Negative/Neutral) of school images which appear in picture books indicates that texts and pictures are mutually complementary in expressing the school image. Especially in case many characters appear in the scene, the texts are added to explain who is the main character or whose act should be focused on and inform the meaning which doesn't appear on the scene. Moreover, the scenes quite often perform supplementary functions by sharing positive or negative description of school in detail which does not appear in the picture. In the picture the duration of time was usually indicated by the successive pictures describing the changes of movements. Among the elements which make the image of school negative, there are some lines or colors. The lines which are uneven or scribbled shows the negative feeling and the shade lines which show the brightness and texture enliven the picture to distinguish the negative and positive response. Secondly, the color represents most conspicuously whether the image of school is positive or negative. Especially for negative image the low brightness was used while the color of high brightness tends to be used for the positive image. Besides, opposite colors are used to express the sense of alienation between the characters which shows the negative image. The color pencils combined with mild texture are used to represent and the bright technique of water color is introduced to indicate the positive image. The negative image is shown by the acrylic color or collage technique. The sight of the characters makes it clear whether the image of school is positive or negative. The sight line of each other makes us look into their conduct and response toward school. Showing the body or any objects in the off balance state such as describing a moment of ongoing conduct gives the positive or negative response about their attitude or adaptation. Finally in order to maximize the friendliness toward the readers in the picture the short distance techniques are utilized to represent the closeness of the characters sentiment toward school.
노영숙 朝鮮大學校 環境保健大學院 2001 국내석사
To find the treatment behavior of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, medical record review and telephone interview survey toward 151 patients who visited a general hospital tuberculosis clinic from January 3rd to March 31st in 2000 were made during September in 2000. The results are as follows : 1. The subjects included 95 male and 56 female, and age distribution showed 47.0% under 40 years old, 21.2% from 40 to 59 years old and 31.8% from 60 years old or above. For the cost of their treatment, 78.8% were covered by medical insurance and 21.2% by government medical aid program. 2. Among the subjects 105 persons (70.0%) had previous tuberculosis history and 25 persons(17.5%) had family history of tuberculosis patients. The most common reason of visit to study hospital was due to the referral from outside health facility(64.9%) and 65.0% could arrive the hospital in one hour. 3. The common subjective symptom of the patients were cough and sputum, and 51 persons showed positive bacteria results from 131 sputum smear test. 110 persons were diagnosed to be active tuberculosis and 35 persons to be inactive by sputum test and chest X-ray examination. 4. Among the subjects 93 patients (61.6%) performed regular treatment, 35 patients(23.2%) did irregular treatment and 23 patients(15.2%) stopped treatment from observed hospital during observed period. 5. Among the 58 patients who did not perform regular treatment, 26 persons described the reason of the cessation of treatment as the hospital was too far from their home and 30 persons thought they had no more subjective symptoms. 6. After the cessation of treatment from the observed hospital 22 persons were treated at a government health center and 9 persons at a medical clinic. In conclusion, continuous systematic follow-up observation of registered tuberculosis patients at non-governmental hospital to facilitate their complete cure.
노영숙 조선대학교 교육대학원 2000 국내석사
It is reported that the heritage of Gasa Literature reached thousands of pieces and it is insignificant but picked out. However various viewpoint upon Gasa mode is still offered. Gasa characterized as Educational books is the very representative work group showing the largely transfigured feature of Gasa Literature in the period of social sudden change of late Chosun and it has unique form such as grafting of literary and practical character. This study is specially interested in Nongawoulyunga representative educational Gasa engaging farmhouses in agriculture and first of all pays its attention to context investigation of Nongawulyunga for balanced examination of literary and educational character, two characters of 'educational Gasa' . After completing this investigation, in order to examine the literary character of this work, this study examine the features such as composition and literary style of this work and the reason selecting Gasa form in relation to context of this work, not surface examining that it has simply Gasa form. Analyzing closely the context of Nongawulyunga, it can be found that this work was not composed on the base of one record or unique or creative one. It has lots of contexts composed and drew from the parts needed to farm living out of fanning books, each kind of almanac and beginners' Confucian doctrine what we called especially needed in education of life at farm houses in contemporary of composition of Nongawulyunga. In my study, I examine, after division of Nongawulyunga into three parts of engaging in agriculture, customs at times and seasons and respect of Confucian doctrine for the convenience and it is compared to the data with Japanese character, depend on the case. In addition to this, it is obvious that the farm house educational context has a kind of literary distance in one respect, since Nongawulyunga largely has practical common sense of farm houses. Nevertheless, the reason that making of settlement from prosaic farmhouse educational books to rhythmical Gasa literature can be assured of effect of literary figurization, using expressing technique as well as the periodic background. As the result of this review, Nongawulyunga is not the Gasa of farming manual function composed in the level of simple engaging in agriculture but we confirm that it is Gasa composed from educational intention having wide influence on farm living.
어머니의 애착과 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성에 미치는 영향 : 자녀양육태도의 매개효과
The purpose of this study is to find out the mediated effect of mother's child-rearing attitude on the influence of mother attachment and empathy on infant's peer competence. Subject to the study were 349 mothers and 47 homeroom teachers with children aged 2 to 5 who are enrolled in 14 daycare centers in Suwon and Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province. For this purpose, the collected data used frequency analysis to identify the general characteristics of those surveyed using the statistical programs, SPSS WIN22.0 and AMOS 26.0. To find out the relationship between the study variables, we performed a significance test with a positive factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and structural equation model analysis, and bootstrapping. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it has been shown that the attachment of the mother affects the peer's ability of infants and toddlers. The attachment between the primary caregiver and infants provides the first context in which infants learn about themselves, others, and relationships, confirming that the representations formed here affect the infant's peer relationship. Therefore, it was found that stable attachment formation between mother and infant increases social expression and has excellent peer abilities. Second, it has been shown that empathy of mothers does not directly affect the abilities of infants and children's peers. Morishita (1990) supports a study that points out that empathy is not an essential and direct factor in motivating pro-social behavior, which is an aspect of peer competence, and that another factor is needed for the connection between these two factors. Therefore, the study confirmed that the mother's empathy should be viewed as a complex relationship with other factors, not as a direct influence on peer competency. Third, the attachment of the mother to the child's child-rearing attitude has been shown to influence. Therefore, stable attachment of mothers was identified in this study as an important factor that directly affects the peer abilities of infants and toddlers. Fourth, it turned out that the mother's sympathy affects her child's child-rearing attitude. The more positive the mother's sympathy is, the more positive her child is, the more supportive she is to encourage and act freely. Therefore, it was confirmed that the mother's empathy was a very necessary factor in strengthening her pro-social attitude toward her children. Fifth, it has been shown that the mother's nurturing attitude affects the child's peer abilities. The mother's active and loving parenting attitude can be seen as a model for the positive social development of infants and their children, helping them develop their peer abilities. Therefore, it was confirmed that the mother's positive parenting attitude was learned through the socialization process and applied in relationships with peers. Sixth, the mother's attitude toward raising children was found to play a role as a partial intermediary in the influence of her attachment on the child's peer potential. The results show that mother-rearing behavior in active and interactive modalities can affect infant peer relationships, which form a stable attachment with early-life caregivers and expand the scope of social interaction. These results show that a mother's stable attachment and positive parenting attitude affect her peer's ability. Seventh, the mother's attitude toward raising children was found to play a role as a complete agent in the influence of her empathy on the child's peers' ability. In the relationship between mother's empathy and peer competence, the complete lack of child care is the result of emphasizing the importance of child care in the development of peer competency, and it was shown that positive empathy of mother should precede the formation of child care. The significance of this study is to clarify the structural influence of mother's attachment and empathy on infant's peer competence and child-rearing attitude and to prove the mediating role of mother's child-rearing attitude in the relationship between mother's attachment and empathy and infant's peer competence. This study found that the stable attachment with the mother and the positive empathy and positive child rearing attitude of the mother had an effect on the improvement of peer competence of infants and young children. These results are expected to be used as data for development and dissemination of specific program contents, and parent counseling education programs are needed to form positive parenting attitudes and acquire and apply them. 본 연구는 어머니의 애착과 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성에 미치는 영향에서 어머니의 자녀양육태도가 가지는 매개효과를 알아보는 데에 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 경기도 수원시, 화성시에 소재한 14개의 어린이집에 재원하고 있는 만2세~만5세 영유아의 자녀를 둔 349명의 어머니와 어린이집 담임교사 47명이였다. 이를 위해서 수집된 자료는 통계프로그램인 SPSS WIN 22.0과 AMOS 26.0을 사용하여 조사대상자들의 일반적 특성 파악을 위해 빈도분석을 사용하였다. 연구변인들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 확인적 요인분석과 피어슨 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석과 구조방정식 모형 분석, 부트스트래핑(Bootstrapping)으로 유의성 검정을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 애착이 영유아의 또래유능성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 주 양육자와 영유아의 애착관계는 영유아 자신, 타인, 그리고 관계에 대해 학습하게 되며 여기서 형성된 표상이 영유아의 또래관계에 영향을 미치게 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 어머니와 영유아간의 안정된 애착 형성이 사회적 표현이 높아지고 또래유능성이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 어머니의 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Morishita(1990)는 공감이 또래유능성에 직접적인 요인이라고 보기는 힘들며 이 두 요인 간 연결을 위한 또 다른 요인이 필요함을 지적한 연구를 지지한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 어머니의 공감능력이 또래유능성에 직접 영향을 미치는 요인이 아닌 다른 요 인과의 복합적인 관계로 보아야 함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 어머니의 애착이 자녀양육태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 애착이 안정적일수록 자녀양육태도에 긍정적으로 나타났다. 따라서 어머니의 안정된 애착은 영유아의 또래유능성에 직접 영향을 미치는 중요 요인으로 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 넷째, 어머니의 공감이 자녀양육태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 공감이 자녀를 격려하고 자유롭게 행동할 수 있도록 지원하는 긍정적 양육태도로 나타났다. 따라서 어머니의 공감능력이 자녀에 대한 친사회적 태도를 강화시키는데 매우 필요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 다섯째, 어머니의 양육태도가 영유아의 또래유능성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 적극적이고 애정적인 양육태도가 영유아 자녀의 긍정적 사회성 발달에 대한 모델이 되어줌으로써 또래유능성을 발달시키는데 도움을 준 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 어머니의 긍정적 양육태도가 사회화 과정을 통해 학습되고 또래관계에서 적용된 것으로 확인하였다. 여섯째, 어머니의 애착이 영유아의 또래유능성에 미치는 영향에서 어머니의 자녀양육태도가 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 생애 초기 양육자와 안정적인 애착을 형성하고 능동적이고 상호작용 양식의 어머니 양육행동은 사회적 상호작용 범위가 확장되는 영유아기 또래관계에 영향을 미칠수 있음을 보여준 결과이다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 어머니의 안정적인 애착과 긍정적인 양육태도는 또래유능성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱 번째, 어머니의 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성에 미치는 영향에서 어머니의 자녀양육태도가 완전매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 공감과 또래유능성 간의 관계에서 자녀양육태도가 완전매개한다는 것은 또래유능성 발달에 있어 자녀양육태도의 중요성이 강조되는 결과임과 동시에 긍정적 자녀양육태도 형성을 위해서는 어머니의 공감이 선행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 어머니의 애착과 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성과 자녀양육태도에 미치는 구조적 영향력을 밝히고 어머니의 애착과 공감이 영유아의 또래유능성의 관계에서 어머니의 자녀양육태도의 매개역할을 입증하는 것이다. 이를 통해 어머니와의 안정적인 애착을 형성하고 어머니의 공감적 반영 및 긍정적 자녀양육태도가 영유아의 또래유능성 증진에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 긍정적 양육태도를 형성하여 습득하고 적용할 수 있도록 부모상담교육프로그램이 필요하며 구체적인 프로그램 내용의 개발과 보급의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
문화예술교육을 활용한 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육 개선 방안
노영숙 추계예술대학교 문화예술경영대학원 2024 국내석사
본 연구는 문화예술교육을 활용하여 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육의 개선 방안을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 문헌 연구를 통해 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육의 현황을 분석하고, 문화예술교육이 노인을 어떻게 이해하고 교육하는지를 조사하였다. 또한, 문화예술교육의 접근법이 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육에 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지를 탐구하고, 변화해야 하는 개선점을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육에서 중요하게 다뤄야 할 주요 개선점으로 ⓵ 교육 프로그램 기획과 운영, ⓶ 교육 프로그램 개발 및 콘텐츠 활용, ⓷ 교육 대상자로서 노인에 대한 관점을 도출하였다. 이를 기준으로 카테고리별 세부 내용을 추가하여 분석의 기준을 설정하고 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 문화예술교육의 사례 분석를 실시하였다. 사례 대상으로는 한국문화예술교육 진흥원의 신규 지원 사업인 ‘2022 노老는 창작자’에 선정된 3개 단체의 프로그램이며, 도출된 기준에 따라 종합적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육의 개선을 위한 중요한 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 여러 분야의 강사들이 협력하여 유연하고 다채로운 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 것이 중요하다. 둘째, 노인의 디지털 기기 접근성을 높이는 단계별 전략을 마련하고, 문화예술교육 기반의 콘텐츠를 활용하는 방식이 효과적이다. 셋째, 노인을 취약계층이 아닌 일반 시민으로 바라보는 관점에서 맞춤형 교육을 제공하고, 적절한 동기부여와 개인적 목표 설정을 통해 지속 가능한 교육을 추구해야 한다. 본 연구는 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육의 개선을 위해 문화예술교육의 활용 방안을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다. 또한, 노인 대상 디지털 리터러시 교육의 발전 방향 및 과제를 위한 유용한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.
전통된장으로부터 분리한 균종으로 제조된 된장의 품질특성
Asp. oryzae와 5가지 Bacillus균종을 이용하여 제조한 된장의 품질특성은 숙성기간동안 미생물은 15일 후 1 log cycle정도 감소하였으나 그 이후는 급속한 변화없이 일정하였으며, pH는 감소하여 초기의 6.0∼7.0에서 5.95∼6.28로 감소하였다. 이 기간동안 아미노태질소는 꾸준히 증가하여 초기의 323.7∼500mg%에서 60일 후에는 506.4∼695.8mg%로 1.4∼1.6배 증가하였다. 수분은 50.4∼54.9%, 조단백은 14.23∼16.09%로 시료간 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 환원당, 유기산, isoflavone 함량에서는 시료간 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 환원당은 5.07∼11.32%로 B. licheniformis F2138 시료와 B. stearothermophilus F2342 시료가 11.34와 10.32mg%로 다른 시료들의 5.07∼6.19mg%에 비해 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, isoflavone은 B. licheniformis F2358 시료와 B. subtilis F2362 시료가 62.82, 62.04 mg%로 높게 검출되었으나 B. licheniformis F2382 시료가 함량은 23.62 mg%로 다른 시료들에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 유기산은 B. licheniformis F2382 시료가 oxalate, citrate, succinate 모두 가장 많았고 유기산 종류별로는 citrate> oxalate> malate> succinate> fumarate의 순으로 검출되었으며 citrate 함량은 다른 유기산들에 비해 현저히 많았으나 fumarate는 극소량만이 검출되었다. 관능은 맛과 전체적인 선호도에서는 B. licheniformis F2382가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. Aerobic bacteria and mold cells in soy pastes made with 5 strains of Bacillus with Asp. oryzae were 1 log cycle die-off after 15 days and little changes until 60 days. The pH decreased gradually and contents of amino-type nitrogen increased during fermentation. There were small differences in moisture and crude-protein contents, but big differences were observed in reducing sugar, isoflavones and organic acid contents. Total contents of isoflavone in samples with B. licheniformis F2358 and B. subtilis F2362 were high (62.82 and 62.04 mg%), respectively, and that of organic acid in sample with B. licheniformis F2382 was also high when compared with other samples. Citric acid represented the highest content in samples, whereas fumaric acid was the lowest. Sample with B. licheniformis F2382 exhibited good scores for taste and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation.