알코올정책의 개념과 효과성

노성원(Sungwon Roh),이해국(Hae Kook Lee),기선완(Seon Wan Ki) 한국중독정신의학회 2009 중독정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

This article describes the concept and efficacy of alcohol po-licy, including a brief historical review of interventions for alcohol-related problems, the basic concept of alcohol-related problems, interventions from a public health perspective, comprehensive prevention, community systems, frameworks, and practical prevention strategies in terms of evidence for their effectiveness, research support amounts, implementation costs, and other feasibility issues. Alcohol-related problems cannot be solved only by treatment models. More comprehensive preventions and interventions are needed, because evidence shows such problems have complicated and diverse characteristics. The prevailing view-point on alcohol-related problems has changed, from its being a sin, in the past, to being a disease, in the 70’s, and, recently, to being a biopsychosocial concept. Prevention frameworks require intervention strategies, establishing the severity of patients’ problems, establishing a concrete target group, and a range of target. Overall, the interventions with the greatest amount of empirical support are (1) low legal limits on blood alcohol concentration levels for driving while intoxicated, (2) controls on alcohol availability, (3) age limits on alcohol purchases, and (4) relatively high alcohol prices. Policy efforts in the developing countries should focus on improving countermeasures against driving while intoxicated, measures that alter the drinking context, and limits on alcohol’s physical availability. For developed countries, the goal should be to prevent any backsliding with regard to current drinking patterns and to reduce the overall volume of alcohol consumed. Many evidence-based policies clearly seem to have the potential for communities to substantially reduce their alcohol-related problems.

PAM-4 고속 직렬 통신용 ADC 기반 비동기식 온-다이 아이모니터를 위한 전디지털 심볼 주파수 추정기법

노성원(Sungwon Roh),김진태(Jintae Kim) 대한전자공학회 2021 전자공학회논문지 Vol.58 No.9

본 논문에서는 고속 직렬 통신에서 사용되는 ADC 기반의 PAM-4 비동기식 온-다이 아이모니터(Eye Monitor)를 위한 새로운 심볼 주파수 추정 및 아이다이어그램(Eye-Diagram) 복원방법에 관하여 소개한다. 고속 직렬 통신에서는 비트 에러율(Bit-Error Rate, BER)의 확보를 위해 신호의 품질을 확인하는 것이 매우 중요한데, 이를 확인하기 위해 온-다이 아이모니터가 주로 사용된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 비동기식 아이모니터는 NRZ신호만을 입력받는 기존의 아이모니터와는 다르게 PAM-4 신호를 입력받아도 아이다이어그램을 쉽게 복원할 수 있다. 제안하는 새로운 심볼 주파수 추정방법은 심볼 주파수와 추정회로 출력 값의 선형적 관계를 이용하여 주파수 추정 오차를 최소화하였으며 기존 논문이 제시하는 주파수 추정방법에 비해 보다 정확히 심볼 주파수를 추정할 수 있다. 동작모델링을 통해 비교해본 결과 기존 논문의 방법으로 구한 추정 주파수의 오차율 평균은 0.8198%지만 제안하는 아이모니터의 방법으로 추정한 주파수의 오차율 평균은 0.0272%로, 기존 논문에 비해 주파수 추정 오차율을 약 30배가량 줄여 더 정확하게 주파수를 추정하였다. CMOS 28nm 공정으로 설계한 아이모니터는 56Gbps에서 약 9.3mW의 전력을 소모하는 것을 SPICE 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다. 이는 동기식 아이모니터를 위해 필요한 PAM4 수신기의 전력 소모인 370mW보다 매우 적은 수치로 전력소모 측면에서도 매우 효율적임을 검증하였다. In this paper, we present an asynchronous on-die eye monitor based on a wideband ADC for high-speed serial link as well as a new method of estimating symbol frequency with a software-based eye diagram reconstruction. The on-die eye monitor is often used to check the signal quality, which is very important to secure low-enough BER(Bit-Error Rate) for high-speed serial links. Compared to previous eye monitors which can only carry NRZ data stream, the proposed eye monitor can measure signal quality with incoming PAM-4 data stream. Moreover, we propose a new method of estimating symbol frequency that improves the frequency estimation error using the linear correlation between the output of estimation circuit and symbol frequency. The average symbol frequency estimation error obtained from behavioral simulation reduces from 0.8198% to 0.0272% by using the proposed method. Therefore, we can estimate frequency more precisely by using the new method. We verified the operation of proposed eye monitor circuit designed in 28nm CMOS using SPICE simulations. The full eye monitor consumes about 9.3mW when running with 56Gbps PAM-4 input stream, which is very low compared to the power consumption of the full 56Gbps receivers that are published recently.

알코올사용과 의존에 미치는 유전적 영향:최근까지의 연구결과

노성원(盧聖元,Sungwon Roh),마츠시다 사치오(松下幸生,Sachio Matsushita),히구치 스스무(樋,口 進,Susumu Higuchi) 한국중독정신의학회 2008 중독정신의학 Vol.12 No.2

More than 100 studies have shown that alcohol dependence is a complex disorder that may be influenced by multiple polymorphisms of multiple genes. There is now abundant evidence for genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence. The over-all heritability of alcohol dependence has been estimated to be 50-60% with multiple genes each having a small effect. While genetics significantly contributes to elucidation of the mechanism of alcohol dependence, the role of the environment and of gene-environment interactions should not be ignored. Linkage approaches have been used to map chromosomal regions linked to alcohol use and dependence. Regions that can be confirmed include those on chromosome 1p, 4q close to the ADH gene cluster, 4p close to the GABA A receptor gene cluster, and 16p. These regions are definitely promising candidates for association stu-dies to identify narrower loci or single gene. Many genes have been suggested to possibly play roles in contributing to vulnerability to developing alcohol dependence. Yet, only two genes, ADH and ALDH2, have been identified as having defined effects on phenotypic variations in alcohol use and dependence. We, however, remain cautiously optimistic that current and novel methods of genetic analysis will add new genes to the list. Promising candidates include GABRA2 and CHRM2. Many genes combine to reach a threshold of clinical liability; therefore, no single gene is likely to be identified as the “alcoholism” gene. Nonetheless, neurobiological analyses of candidate genes will surely contribute to further understanding of the interindividual differences in risk and the cause of alcohol dependence.

한국에서 우울증의 특징과 비약물학적 치료

노성원,박용천,Roh, Sungwon,Park, Yong Chon 대한생물정신의학회 2006 생물정신의학 Vol.13 No.4

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Some characteristics of depression in Korea were elucidated. The tendency to express depressive feeling through somatic complaints is more prominent in Korea than in Western countries. Careful studies on depressive symptoms suggest that guilt and suicidal idea are apparent among Korean depressive patients as well as among Western subjects. But most depressive patients in Korea are reluctant to express suicidal idea, which is hidden under the somatic complaints. We should remember the possibility of research artifacts or cultural bias with regard to the evaluation of depressive symptoms of a country in comparison with other countries. Non-pharmacological treatment of depression includes dynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, self-care treatment, etc. Some kinds of Korean culture relevant psychotherapies are introduced: Tea therapy, Imago therapy, Tao psychotherapy, and combined approach. Interest in the aged people is growing recently, and the research about the factors which affect the depressive disorders in older patients and treatment strategy for them is ongoing.

일 대학병원 정신분열병 환자의 퇴원 후 경과에 미치는 치료적 요인

남정현,노성원,최준호,이경우,Nam, Jung Hyun,Roh, Sungwon,Choi, Joonho,Lee, Kyung Woo 대한생물정신의학회 2006 생물정신의학 Vol.13 No.1

Object : To evaluate how the therapeutic factors affect post-discharge course of patients with schizophrenia, we analyzed relationship between each therapeutic factor and outcome of inpatients with schizophrenia in Hanyang University Hospital. Methods : This study is a retrospective report. Subjects were schizophrenic inpatients who were discharged from Hanyang University Hospital from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2004. We obtained demographic and clinical data from review of inpatient and outpatient charts. Results : We analyzed the records of 104 patients with schizophrenia(44 males and 60 females). Patients who had longer first admission days have fewer number of readmission. There were no significant correlation between psychiatric rehabilitation and course of schizophrenia. Courses, such as duration of outpatient department follow-up and number and duration of rehospitalization, did not differ according to the existence of extrapyramidal symptoms or types of antipsychotics prescribed. Conclusion : Among the therapeutic factors, longer duration of the first admission only affected better post-discharge course of patients with schizophrenia.

가상현실을 이용한 알코올중독자의 단서노출 치료

권효석(Hyoseok Kwon),노성원(Sungwon Roh),최준호(Joonho Choi),양병환(Byung-Hwan Yang),이장한(Jang-Han Lee) 한국HCI학회 2006 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.2

한글판 펜실베니아 걱정 질문지의 탐색적 및 확인적 요인 분석

전준원,김대호,김은경,노성원,Jeon, Jun Won,Kim, Daeho,Kim, Eunkyung,Roh, Sungwon 대한불안의학회 2017 대한불안의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objective : This study evaluated the factor structure of a Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) with exploratory factor analysis in healthy adult subjects, and confirmatory factor analysis of subjects who have received psychiatric treatment. Methods : Exploratory principal component analysis was conducted with data from 318 non-psychiatric subjects, and 118 psychiatric patients were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood estimation). Participants were voluntary visitors at the booth who agreed to undergo screening for anxiety disorder at 2013 & 2014 Korea Mental Health Exhibitions. Results : Exploratory analysis revealed a two factor structure of the scale with total variance of 56.3%. Factor 1 was considered 'Worry engagement', and factor 2 was considered 'Absence of worry'. However, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported that both one factor model with method factor and two factor model are fit to structure of the scale considering fit indices. Internal consistency of total questions was good (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.899$). Conclusion : Our results supported the previously suggested factor structure of the PSWQ, and proved factorial validity of the K-PSWQ in both populations.

한국형 알코올중독 진료배치 기준 개발

박상욱(Sang-Wook Park),나의현(Euihyeon Na),노성원(Sungwon Roh),오홍석(Hong Seok Oh),김지은(Ji Eun Kim),조현지(Hyeon ji Cho),이상규(Sang Kyu Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2021 중독정신의학 Vol.25 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study is to develop the Korean Patient Placement Criteria (K-PPC) for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by using a focused group interview (FGI) and the Delphi method. Methods : In order to develop the K-PPC, we analyzed the American Society of Addiction Medicine’s Patient Placement Criteria (ASAM’s PPC) and Models of Care for Alcohol Misusers (MoCAM). FGI and a two-round Delphi survey were conducted with alcohol treatment experts. We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Delphi survey and composed a final version of the K-PPC. Results : The K-PPC comprised of 6 dimensions and 5 levels of care. The first and second Delphi surveys revealed that the K-PPC has sufficient validity and reliability except for dimension 3. Conclusion : The K-PPC can contribute to the delivery of information by providing treatment guidelines between institutions, and it is expected to contribute to improving the quality and efficiency of alcohol addiction treatment through proper distribution of resources.

장기간 플루세틴 처리에 의한 흰쥐 해마에서의 NCAM140 유전자 발현의 증가

최미란,채영규,정경화,백승연,김석현,노성원,최준호,이준석,최인근,양병환,Choi, Mi Ran,Chai, Young Gyu,Jung, Kyoung Hwa,Baik, Seung Youn,Kim, Seok Hyeon,Roh, Sungwon,Choi, Joonho,Lee, Jun-Seok,Choi, Ihn Geun,Yang, Byung-Hwan 대한생물정신의학회 2009 생물정신의학 Vol.16 No.1

Objectives : Most of the mechanisms reported for antidepressant drugs are the enhancement of neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in the rat hippocampus. Neural cell adhesion molecule 140(NCAM140) has been implicated as having a role in cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity. In this report, we have performed to elucidate a correlation among chronic antidepressant treatments, NCAM140 expression, and activation of phosphorylated cyclicAMP responsive element binding protein(pCREB) which is a downstream molecule of NCAM140-mediated intracellular signaling pathway in the rat hippocampus. Methods : Fluoxetine(10mg/kg) was injected acutely(daily injection for 5days) or chronically(daily injection for 14days) in adult rats. RNA and protein were extracted from the rat hippocampus, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression pattern of NCAM140 gene and western blot analyses for the activation of the phosphorylation ratio of CREB. Results : Chronic fluoxetine treatments increased NCAM140 expression 1.3 times higher than control in rat hippocampus. pCREB immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus with chronic fluoxetine treatment was increased 4.0 times higher than that of control. Conclusion : Chronic fluoxetine treatment increased NCAM140 expression and pCREB activity in the rat hippocampus. Our data suggest that NCAM140 and pCREB may play a role in the clinical efficacy of antidepressants promoting the neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival.

성인기 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애의 평가척도

김예니(Yeni Kim),정희연(Hee-Yeon Jung),노성원(Sungwon Roh) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2010 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.21 No.1

This review aimed to assist clinicians in the identification and assessment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with an emphasis on diagnostic and rating instruments. Pubmed and RISS were utilized to identify relevant studies and critical reviews on the diagnosis and assessment of adult ADHD, published between 1988 and 2010. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-v1.1, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Current Symptoms Scale have been utilized for self-reporting of current ADHD symptoms. The Brown ADD Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Current Symptoms Scale, and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale have also been evaluated by an observer. The Childhood Symptom Scale and the Wender-Utah Rating Scale have been used for retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptoms and the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale, the Adult Interview, the Brown ADD Diagnostic Form, the Conners adult ADHD diagnostic interview for DSM-IV, and the Wender-Reimherr Interview have been available as comprehensive diagnostic interviews. There is a wide variety of instruments available with respect to adult ADHD. The choice of appropriate instruments is essential for achieving accurate diagnosis and assessment of this disorder.