고등학교 생명과학1과 생명과학실험 ‘개체군 생장곡선’ 탐구활동의 문제점 분석과 개선방안

남보은,박현준,김재근 한국현장과학교육학회 2016 현장과학교육 Vol.10 No.3

Knowing the characteristics of ‘population’, which is the one of the essential concept of ecology, is the required content in curriculum of the life science education. 2015 national curriculum purposed ‘growth curve of yeast’ as an essential inquiry activity. This study analysed the experimental inquiry activities on population growth curve which were covered in former textbooks. The experiments using yeast were conducted and the experimental protocol was revised. Not only yeast but also paramecium and duckweed were purposed in textbook but detailed sampling and incubation condition were not referred. In the experiments using yeast, medium constituent and incubation time were differed among textbooks. Population growth was hardly observed within the experimental conditions described in textbooks. Diluted fruit juice with high juice concentrate content (100% juice) is suggested as a medium of yeast growth in this study. S-shaped yeast growth curve with the observation using microscope was obtained in 24-hour experiment (6 hour intervals). Using spectrophotometer, similar results were also observed. By relatively simple and reproducible yeast population growth experiment protocol, improvement of basic process skills such as an observation were expected. Also by additional controlling of variables, integrated process skills could be easily improved. 생태학의 핵심 개념 중 하나인 ‘개체군’에 대한 특징을 파악하는 것은 생명과학 교육과정에서 필수 내용 중 하나이며, 2015년 개정 교육과정에서는 효모의 개체군 생장곡선이 필수 탐구 활동으로 제시되었다. 본 연구에서는 기존 교과서에서 개체군 생장곡선에 관련되어 제시된 실험 탐구 활동을 분석하고 이 중 효모를 사용한 탐구실험을 실제로 수행해보고 이에 대한 개선방안을 모색하였다. 개체군 생장곡선을 얻기 위한 기존 교과서들의 탐구활동에서 효모 외에도 좀개구리밥, 짚신벌레가 제시되었으나 온도와 빛, 채취시기에 민감한 생물임에 반하여 구체적인 채집 및 배양 조건이 제시되지 않았다. 효모를 사용한 실험의 경우 배양액 조성과 배양시간이 교과서마다 달랐으며 실제로 실험해본 결과 명확한 개체군 생장 관찰이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 배양액으로써 과즙 함량이 높은(100%) 과일주스 희석액을 사용할 것을 제안하며, 접종 후 6시간 간격으로 24시간까지 현미경 관찰을 통한 계수(흡광도 측정 병행 가능)를 통하여 S자형 생장 곡선을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 비교적 간단한 변인 통제와 재현 가능한 효모 개체군 생장 실험 방법을 제시함으로써, 기초 탐구능력 계발이 가능할 뿐 아니라 추가 변인 통제를 통한 통합 탐구능력 계발 또한 도모할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Effects of habitat differences on the genetic diversity of Persicaria thunbergii

남보은,남종민,김재근 한국생태학회 2016 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.40 No.2

To understand the effects of habitat characteristics on the genetic diversity of Persicaria thunbergii, three sites of different environmental conditions in a water system were surveyed. Site A was the closest to the source of the water system, and there was a dam between sites A and B. Site C is located on the lowest downstream in the water system. Vegetation survey of four quadrats at each site was performed, and soil samples were collected for physicochemical analysis. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of ten P. thunbergii individuals at each site was conducted to calculate population genetic diversity and genetic distance among populations. Soil was sterile sand at site A, whereas loamy soil at sites B and C. A pure stand of P. thunbergii appeared at site A, while other species occurred together (such as Humulus japonicus and Phragmites australis) at sites B (Shannon- Wiener index; HB = 0.309) and C (HC = 0.299). Similar to the species diversity, genetic diversity (Nei’s gene diversity; h) within population of site A (hA = 0.2381) was relatively lower than sites B (hB = 0.2761) and C (hC = 0.2618). However, site C was separated from sites A and B in genetic distance rather than the geographical distance (Nei’s genetic distance; A~B, 0.0338; B~C, 0.0685; A~C, 0.0833).

수변 경계종인 쥐방울덩굴의 유전적 다양성 분석

남보은,박현준,손가연,김재근 한국습지학회 2020 한국습지학회지 Vol.22 No.2

수변 및 육상 식생의 경계에 서식하는 쥐방울덩굴(Aristolochia contorta)은 국내 취약종인 꼬리명주나비(Sericinus montela) 유충의 유일한 기주식물이라는 점에서 높은 보전가치를 지닌다. 개체군의 장기적인 유지에 있어서 유전적다양성은 반드시 고려되어야 하며, 이를 위하여 기존 개체군의 유전적 다양성을 파악하는 과정이 선행되어야 한다. 쥐방울덩굴 개체군이 장기적으로 유지되고 있는 네 서식처의 개체군을 대상으로 개체들의 잎을 채집하여 DNA를 추출하였으며, 5개의 무작위 프라이머를 이용한 RAPD-PCR을 수행하여 각 개체군의 유전적 다양성을 비교하고 개체군간의 유연관계를 파악하였다. 개체군 내 유전적 다양성은 4개 개체군 중 가평 개체군(GP)이 가장 높았으나, 전반적인유전적 다양성은 다른 종에 비해 낮은 편으로 나타났다(h: 0.0607 ~ 0.1491; I: 0.0819 ~ 0.1759). 또한 가평 개체군의 경우 지리적 거리와 무관하게 다른 개체군들과의 유전적 거리가 큰 편으로 나타났다. 이는 파편화된 서식지와 더불어 낮은 유성생식 비율에서 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 쥐방울덩굴 개체군의 보전을 위해서는 개체군 혼합 식재와 적절한차광이나 물리적 지지와 같이 쥐방울덩굴의 유성생식 을 촉진하는 환경이 적극적으로 고려되어야 할 것이다. Northern pipevine (Aristolochia contorta) commonly inhabits marginal areas between waterside and terrestrial vegetation. In particular, A. contorta is ecologically important in the marginal areas as a food plant of dragon swallowtail butterfly (Sericinus montela), which is designated as vulnerable species in the Republic of Korea. For long-term sustainability of the plant population, assessment of the genetic diversity of exist populations should be conducted. Genomic DNA of A. contorta leaf samples were extracted from four populations where the vigorous growth were observed in the South Korea. Intra-population genetic diversity and inter-population genetic distance were assessed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with five polymorphic random primers. Overall genetic diversity was lower, compared to other wetland species (h: 0.0607 ~ 0.1401; I: 0.0819 ~ 0.1759), while GP showed the highest intra-population genetic diversity. Despite of the geographical distance, GP showed the larger genetic distance from other populations. This result seemed to be caused by the fragmented habitat and lower sexual reproduction of A. controta. Mixture of the different source populations and construction of the proper environmental condition such as shade and physical support for sexual reproduction should be considered for conservation of A. contorta population.

Soil factors determining the distribution of Phragmites australis and Phacelurus latifolius in upper tidal zone

남보은,홍문기,박현준,김재근 한국생태학회 2018 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.42 No.4

To assess the environmental factors determining the zonation between Phacelurus latifolius and Phragmites australis, vegetation survey and soil analysis were performed at a tidal marsh. The vegetation of the tidal marsh was classified into P. latifolius and Suaeda japonica dominated quadrats, P. latifolius and P. australis dominated quadrats, P. australis dominated quadrats, and P. australis and other land plants dominated quadrats. The density of P. latifolius (83.7 ± 5.5 shoots m−2) was higher than that of P. australis (79.3 ± 12.1 shoots m−2) in each dominated quadrat but height of two species were similar. Soil environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats appeared to be affected by tide based on higher soil electric conductivity (ECPL = 1530 ± 152 μS cm−1; ECPA + PL = 689 ± 578 μS cm−1; ECPA= 689± 578 μS cm−1) and lower pH (pHPL = 5.96 ± 0.16; pHPA + PL=6.28±0.31; pHPA = 6.38 ± 0.22). In redundancy analysis, environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats and P. australis dominated quadrats were clearly separated and those of P. latifolius and P. australis co-dominated quadrats were similar to P. australis dominated quadrats. From our investigation, P. latifolius showed relatively high competitiveness when compared to P. australis in lower tidal zone rather than upper tidal zone. Zonation of P. latifolius and P. australis seems to be a transitional zone between halophytes and land plant species.

Vegetation and Water Characteristics of an Eco-technological Water Purifying Biotope in Yongin

남보은,김재근,홍문기 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Vegetation and water characteristics of an eco-technological water purifying biotope were investigated at five years after the wetland construction. A total of 91 vascular plant species in 36 families were recorded. Initially planted emergent macrophytes such as Phragmites australis, P. japonicus, Zizania latifolia, Typha latifolia, and T. angustifolia mainly comprised the vegetational components of the wetland. The effect of water purification was observed markedly in most indicators such as electric conductivity (P < 0.01), NO3-N (P < 0.05), NH4-N (P < 0.001), K+ (P < 0.05), Na+ (P < 0.01), and Mg2+ (P < 0.01). In particular, NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations decreased to about 60% and 30%, respectively, via the purification process of the wetland. Separativeness and curvature from the meandering structure of 15 units (multi-cell wetland system) seemed likely to make the wetland continuously play a role as an eco-technological water purifying biotope. We recommend that eco-technological design factors should be included in wetland constructions for efficient and continuous functioning, thus enhancing ecological values of wetlands.

Assessment of genetic diversity and distance of three Cicuta virosa populations in South Korea

남보은,김재근,신차정 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.3

Cicuta virosa L. (Apiaceae) is a perennial emergent plant designated as an endangered species in South Korea. According to the former records, only four natural habitats remain in South Korea. A former study suggested that three of four populations (Pyeongchang: PC, Hoengseong: HS, Gunsan: GS) would be classified as different ecotypes based on their different morphological characteristics and life cycle under different environmental conditions. To evaluate this suggestion, we estimated genetic diversity in each population and distance among three populations by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Seven random primers generated a total of 61 different banding positions, 36 (59%) of them were polymorphic. Nei’s gene diversity and the Shannon diversity index increased in the order of PC < HS < GS, which is the same order of population size. In the two-dimensional (2D) plot of first two principal components in principal component analysis with the presence of 61 loci, individuals could be grouped as three populations easily (proportion of variance = 0.6125). Nei’s genetic distance for the three populations showed the same tendency with the geographical distance within three populations. And it is also similar to the result of discriminant analysis with the morphological or life-cycle factors from the previous study. From the results, we concluded that three different populations of C. virosa should be classified as ecotypes based on not only morphology and phenology but genetic differences in terms of diversity and distance as well.

스윕 곡면을 이용한 혈관구조의 모델링

남보은(Bo-Eun Nam),박선영(Seon-Young Park),오영택(Young-Taek Oh),김명수(Myung-Soo Kim) 한국HCI학회 2011 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Vegetation and water characteristics of floating mat in a coastal lagoon as the habitat for endangered plant species

홍문기,남보은,김재근 한국생태학회 2018 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.42 No.4

Background: To understand the ecological characteristics of floating mat in which endangered species of Iris laevigata and Menyanthes trifoliata inhabit, we surveyed the vegetation and water environments of a floating mat wetland and examined the relations between ecological characteristics of the mat. Results: Although Phragmites australis and Zizania latifolia were found at all experimental quadrats (n = 61) as the major vegetational components of the floating mat wetland, they showed relatively poor growth performances in terms of shoot height (< 2 m) and biomass production (< 300 g/m2) compared with those in soil-based wetlands because of oligotrophic water condition. The competitiveness and distribution of P. australis and Z. latifolia seemed to be determined by water level difference by micro-topography rather than water chemistry. Conclusion: P. australis and endangered plant species mainly occurred in the area of relatively shallow water, whereas Z. latifolia and deep-water species such as Scirpus fluviatilis mostly inhabit in the area of deep water on the floating mat. Continuously maintained water level and oligotrophic water condition in the floating mat appeared to be important environments for endangered species such as I. laevigata and M. trifoliata.

Effects of soil fertility on early development of wetland vegetation from soil seed bank: Focusing on biomass production and plant species diversity

홍문기,남보은,김재근 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.3

To examine the effects of soil fertility on biomass production, plant species diversity, and early vegetation development, we performed a mesocosm experiment using soil seed bank under three soil fertility levels (ombrotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic). Biomass production linearly increased (P < 0.01), whereas plant species diversity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as soil fertility increased. Soil fertility seemed to play a role as an environmental sieve in early vegetation development, in turn, lead the patterns of biomass production and plant species diversity. Several Poaceae species which are forming tall and dense canopy, such as Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Zizania latifolia, showed higher importance values under fertilized condition, whereas relatively small macrophytes of Eleocharis acicularis, Carex dickinsii, and Isachne globosa mainly survived under ombrotrophic condition. Although plant species richness decreased as soil fertility increased, the percentages of perennials and exotics increased rather than annuals and natives. Predominance of perennials and exotics under eutrophic condition in early vegetation development seemed to lead a continuous decrease in plant species diversity as a result of competitive effect. A significant negative relationship between plant species diversity and biomass production (P < 0.0001) was obtained when all experimental plots are included in correlation analysis.

충주지역 주민 피부 알레르기 반응율에 관한 연구

김대선,이보은,남상훈,안승철,Kim, Dae-Seon,Lee, Bo Eun,Nam, Sang-Hoon,Ahn, Seung Chul 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to produce background data which can be compared with several large-scale industrial complex regions. Methods: The framework of this study was designed to evaluate and monitor health effects associated with low-level and long-term exposure to environmental pollutants. In this study, 1,009 local residents were recruited in the city of Chungju using personal questionnaires, medical check-ups, and allergen skin-prick tests for 12 common allergens. The prevalence rate of skin allergens was reviewed together with that from large-scale industrial areas. Results: The diagnosis prevalence and medical treatment prevalence of asthma was 5.6% and 1.7%, respectively. Allergic rhinitis was 25.4% and 16.7%, allergic dermatitis was 16.6% and 9.9% and allergic conjunctivitis was 18.7% and 7.9%, respectively. These results were similar with those of industrial complexes. The prevalence of allergen skin-prick test was 16.4% and the most common allergen was dust mites (27.9-31.6%). This result was lower than those of the industrial complexes (22.5-39.9%) and Gangneung (18.2-24.7%). Conclusion: Further study is required to find the cause of the regional differences in skin prick prevalence.