작은 분자의 다양한 필터를 통한 이론적 이완작용

남궁현 空軍士官學校 1994 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

분자운동을 연구하는데 cross-correlation spectral density를 얻어내는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. Methyl Group과 같은 A_3 스핀계에서도 이 효과에 의해 multiple Quantum filtering을 통해서도 peak가 나타나게 된다. 이번 연구에서는 잘 알려진 작은 분자의 spectral density를 이용하여 double quantum과 zero quantum filtering을 하였을때 peak가 excitation과 acquisition 시간에 따라 어떻게 변화되는지를 이론적으로 살펴 보았다.

과학기술이 경찰활동에 미친 변화와 그 시사점

남궁현,심희섭 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2017 치안정책연구 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구에서는 기존의 실증연구와 사례를 중심으로 최근의 다양한 과학기술 및 정보기술의 발전에 따른 경찰활동의 변화와 그 방향에 대해 살펴보았다. 과학기술로 인한 시민 생활의 변화는 주거침입절도나 여성 상대 범죄의 증가, 사이버범죄 등과 같은 새로운 치안 수요를 발생시키며 경찰 활동에 영향을 미쳤으나, 다른 한편으로는 경찰이 능동적으로 과학기술을 활용하게 되면서 시민 대상 치안 서비스 제공이나 범죄 예방 및 검거 활동 방식에도 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 주지할 것은 과학기술의 발전은 경찰행정이나 서비스 제공에 있어서 효율성과 효과성을 극대화할 수 있는 축복임과 동시에 여러 가지 난관과 도전을 통해 극복해야 할 대상이라는 점이다. 경찰은 과학기술의 발전으로 인한 사회의 변화를 꾸준히 관찰․분석하며, 경찰이 활용 가능한 과학기술에 대한 시장조사, 조직 내부 구성원에 대한 설득과 체계적 훈련, 그리고 현장 활용을 위한 지원 등 조직적인 뒷받침도 필요할 것이다. 장기적으로는 과학기술 연구와 발전을 위한 별도의 조직을 마련하여 체계적인 연구를 바탕으로 과학기술의 도입, 활용, 영향평가 전반을 아우르는 시스템 마련이 요구된다. Technological developments have changed how police officers and organizations behave as well as how citizens interact with them. That is, police have changed the way of delivering police service to people by introducing diverse technological devices and analytical skills. Also, police have utilized technology in preventing and combating crimes on the street, including driverless vehicles, drones, CCTVs, body cameras, GIS and other data analysis techniques. This paper takes stock on the technological developments and their effects on policing in South Korea since the 20th century. Police have benefited from using some developments in technology but they are also faced with numerous challenges. There has also been a concern for the protection of individual privacy due to sensitive data collected by the police. We suggest that police invest more resources on examining the effect of emerging technologies on the organizations, including training and support for officers. Also, police leaders have to persuade officers on the strengths and weaknesses of the technologies they plan to introduce in daily policing activities. In the long term, an independent agency (or office) solely responsible for research and development of police technology should be created to examine how technological developments affect the society and police agencies.

식물플라크톤의 세포외배출유기물을 고려한 소양호의 1차생산과 유기물 부하

남궁현,김범철,황길순,최광순,김철구 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon loading were measured in Lake Soyang, to estimate the amount of carbon loading into the lake and the contribution of their sources to the lake's carbon loading. Autochthonous carbon loading was estimated from phytoplankton primary production with the extracellular organic carbon(EOC). Allochthonous loding was determined by measuring dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) concentration in the main inflowing Soyang River. Both autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon loading were high during the summer, from July to September, and accounted for 43.2% and 71.7% of the annual loading, respectively. Primary productivity was elevated up to 1,000 mgCm^(-2)d^(-1)during summer and lowest in winter. EOC production from phytoplankton was also large in summer, resulting in a high DOC concentration in the lake water. Primary production of phytoplankton and allochthonous organic matter loading from the watershed contributed to 53.6% and 46.4% of total loading, respectively. The EOC production accounted for 4.4~21.2% of POC primary production, implying that EOC production of phytolankton must be considered in estimation of primary production.

Microstructure Analysis of Synthetic Polymer by NMR

남궁현 한국분석과학회 2023 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

한국 뿌리차의 生藥學的 硏究

남궁현,이영민,정숙경,신은정,김지영,박숙희 이화여자대학교 약학회 1990 梨花藥學會誌 Vol.- No.29

한국 뿌리차의 生藥學的 硏究

남궁현,이영민,정숙경,신은정,김지영,박숙희 이화여자대학교약학회 1990 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.29

Micro-Chemical Structure of Polyaniline Synthesized by Self-Stabilized Dispersion Polymerization

남궁현,우동진,이석현 한국고분자학회 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.7

A variety of NMR techniques were applied to the micro-chemical structural characterization of polyanilines prepared via an efficient synthetic method in a self-stabilized dispersion medium in which the polymerization was conducted in a heterogeneous organic/aqueous biphasic system without any stabilizers. Here, the monomer and growing polymer chain were shown to function simultaneously as a stabilizer, imparting compatibility for the dispersion of the organic phase, and as a form of flexible template in an aqueous reaction medium. Polymerizations predicated on this concept generated polyanilines with a low defect content: solution state 13C-NMR and solid 13C DD/CP/MAS spectroscopy indicated that the synthesized HCPANi and its soluble derivative, HCPANi-t-BOC, evidenced distinctly different NMR spectra with fewer side peaks, as compared to conventionally prepared PANis, and the complete structural assignments of the observed NMR peaks could be determined via the combination of both 1D and 2D techniques. Ortho-linked defects in HCPANi were estimated to be as low as 7%, as shown by a comparison of the integration of the carbonyl carbon resonance peaks.

경찰활동에의 신체 부착 카메라 관련 논점과 한국 경찰에의 적용 전망

남궁현 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2014 치안정책연구 Vol.28 No.2

Body cameras have attracted attention from police practitioners as well as community members. A body camera is a small device that can be attached to uniforms of police officers and it can record the interactions between officers and citizens. The experiences from some English and American police agencies show that there can be many benefits from using body cameras. First, exposures to camera can change officers’ as well as citizens’ behavior. A few studies show that police and citizens behave differently when they are aware that their behaviors are recorded in cameras. Thus, agencies had less civilian complaints after body cameras were introduced. Second, officers were less likely to use force against citizens. Research shows that officers are less reliant on police force when they know that their behavior is recorded in body cameras. Third, the footage of body camera was useful in resolving conflicts between officers and citizens. When citizens file complaints against officers, two parties used to show discrepancy regarding what happened during the interactions. If such encounters are recorded, however, police as well as community members can have a better understanding of the situations. Last, the footage recorded in the body camera was helpful in pre-service and in-service training. However, some concerns have been raised with respect to the body camera. First, unlike closed circuit televisions, body camera can infringe on citizens’ privacy by recording unwanted situations. Second, officers can exercise their discretion regarding if and when they start and stop recording their body cameras. Third, it is very expensive for agencies to buy and maintain the system. To address these issues, police agencies establish policies regarding the use of body cameras, and police leaders should work closely with community members to reduce the concerns of citizens. Unlike English and American police agencies, however, Korean police may not use body cameras in most patrol activities and traffic duties. The current rule specifies that police should use cameras when crime has occurred or is about to occur. Yet, even under the current rules and regulations, Korean police can take advantage of body cameras in some situations. As in the case of England and the US, Korean police officers can be benefited from using body cameras in investigating prostitution and drug crimes. Also, police leaders need to work closely with field officers and citizens to minimize the concerns and worries about infringement of privacy and human rights. 신체 부착 카메라는 경찰관의 신체나 제복에 부착하여 경찰관이 보고 듣는 영상과 음성을 전자적으로 기록할 수 있는 이동식 소형 카메라로서, 최근 영국과 미국 등 일부 외국의 경찰 기관에서 많이 활용하고 있다. 이 연구는 신체 부착 카메라가 경찰 활동에 도입된 배경과 카메라 사용으로 인한 편익 및 논란을 살펴 보았다. 특히, 신체 부착 카메라를 사용하고 있는 미국과 영국의 사례를 통해 우리나라 경찰 활동에의 도입 가능성 및 예상되는 논점 등을 제시하였다. 외국에서는 부착 카메라가 경찰활동의 책임성 및 투명성을 제고할 수 있고 각종 민원이나 민형사상 소송에서 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으며, 경찰관의 교육 등에도 활용할 수 있다는 점에서 긍정적으로 평가받고있다. 그러나 부착 카메라는 CCTV와 같은 고정식 카메라와 달리 시민의 사생활의 현장에 깊숙이 개입할 수 있기 때문에 프라이버시 및 초상권 침해 등의 우려가 제기되고 있다. 부착 카메라 작동에 있어서도 경찰관이 자의적으로 운용할 수 있다는 점에서 우려를 표하는 이도 있다. 또한 부착 카메라를 운영하고 유지하는데도 많은 비용이 들어 가는 것으로 나타났다. 우리 경찰이 부착카메라의 운용을 검토할 경우에도 외국에서 경험한 바와 유사한 혜택과 논란이 예상된다. 따라서 도입에서부터 규정 마련, 데이터 관리 등에 이르기까지 시민사회와 관련 부처, 현장 경찰관 등을 적극적으로 참여시킴으로써 사생활 침해에 대한 예방책을 함께 고민해야 할 것이다.

경주읍성 수습 탑신석 부조상에 관한 고찰

남궁현 회당학회 2006 회당학보 Vol.11 No.-

According to documentary records in China and Japan, Esoteric Buddhism monks in Silla after Myeongnang(明朗) and Hyetong(惠通) went to China, learned Buddhism there from SunmuisamJang(善無畏), GeumgangjisamJang(金剛智), BulgongsamJang(不空) and other Chinese monks and came back to Silla. Since further information than these documents is needed to fully study Esoteric Buddhism monks, research was done on the formative arts. Our research re-sult tells us that the most of Vairocana holds their hands in the bodhi??ri mudr?(智拳印) on Chilsajajwa(七獅子座), suggesting corre-spondence between the bodhi?sattva form in the bodhi??ri mudr? of Vajradh?tu (金剛界大日如來) and iconography. Iconography of Ekadasamukha(十一面觀音菩薩像) and Ten ThouSands Armed Bodhi?sattva(千手觀音菩薩像), both established with Sinjudokseong (神呪讀誦, an evil?repelling incantation) were introduced into United Silla at the end of 7th Century and were made during the 8th and 9th Century. Among embossed work on stone pagodas, images of the Four Guardian Kings(四天王像) and twelve zodiac figures(十二支像) are expected to be closely related with Myeongnang’s(明朗) Sininjong(神印宗). And other Sinjangsang(神將像) was also expectedly built to preserve relics of the Buddha and to protect a nation. In particular, Sinjangsang embossed on a base rock of stone pagoda in Gyeongju Fortress(慶州邑城) was ana-lyzed and found to be Myeongwang Sang(明王像, vidy?[dhara]r?ja, suggesting that Sinjangsang appeared after other previously em-bossed work on stone pagodas in the site of Sach’?nwangsa Temple(四天王寺) and Wonwon Temple(遠願寺) might be affected by Esoteric Buddhism.

A Study on Local Segmental Motions of Methylene Chain in Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) in Solution Phase

남궁현,오정래,이조웅,NamGung, Hyeon,O, Jeong Rae,Lee, Jo Ung Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.11

Temperature dependent data of 13C spin-lattice relaxation times and NOE factors for methylene carbons at 50.3MHz and 125.5 MHz have been used to probe the local chain dynamics of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) in solution phase. The interpretation of the relaxation data for methylene chain carbons in PBT was attempted on the basis of several proposed motional models, among which the DLM model was found to be superior. Analysis based on the DLM model indicated that the motion of the $OCH_2groups$ was more restricted compared with the central methylene carbon, which is consistent with conclusions from solid state experiments reported by other investigators. Librational amplitudes of terminal and central carbon of PBT were estimated to be $29.84^{\circ}$ and $32.01^{\circ}respectively.