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Beethoven "32변주곡(WoO 80)"의 에튜드(Etude)적 성격에 관한 연구
나광자 부산대학교 예술대학 2005 藝術論文集 Vol.19 No.-
Ludwig v. Beethoven(1770∼1827) is regarded as one of the greatest composers, especially, in the variation form as well as in the sonata form. Due to the quality and quantity in the large scale, however, only a few pieces of his variations, Including 32 Variationts(n C minor, WoO. 80), are known. 32 Variations, which is frequently performed at piano recitals, is acknowledged as one of the most famous masterpieces m his middle period's works. In that piece, he revealed all various possibilities of the theme in terms of the musical creative technique, extensive fantasy, experimental character and so on. The structure is clear and concise, and it is composed to bring out students musical expressions and basic techniques. It provides also a proper teaching material to help students understand piano music. Therefore, it is recognized as a textbook for studying piano. Beethoven composed 32 Variations from 1806 to early 1807, the second period of his works. The theme is based on the chromatic descending basses and it is composed in the chaconne form which was prevailed in Baroque period. He showed remarkable creativity by making up 32 variations with the theme of only eight bars; among his variations, It is hard to find out a piece with such a short theme. Generally. variations with short themes are consists of groups in which consecutive sections share similar musical characteristics. In fact, two or three variations can be formed into one. They maintain characters of theme constantly and create musical inspiration at the same time. therefore, they express more dramatic and musical energy. Beethoven overcame the conservative definition of variation which was popular at that time. With this 32 Variations, he tried to renovate the style of variation in terms of academic and artistic views. For this reason, it is considered as one of the necessary repertoire for the pianist; it provides various musical expression and techniques in respect of not only performing but also learning effect. To know composer's musical world and performing technique, it is most effective way to study his variation. Particularly Mozart and Beethoven's variations deserve to be required etudes in some senses. Beethoven didn't compose the etude for the artistic purpose as Chopin(1810∼1849) and Liszt(1811∼1886) did in their Romantic pieces; In fact, Liszt composed No. 6 of Paganini Etude in variation form. He is regarded as the one who changes the concept of the variation to acquire piano techniques with musical sense. In short, the following single sentence summarizes the conclusion: Beethoven's 32 Variations is the etude in the variation form of Classicism, which allows a pianist to express his basic techniques and maximum performing abilities within 10 minutes.
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