소비자불매운동의 현실적 활성화 필요성

김희윤(Kim, Hee-Yun) 경희대학교 경희법학연구소 2016 KHU 글로벌 기업법무 리뷰 Vol.9 No.1

소비자의 권익 향상을 위하여 「소비자기본법」 개정을 통한 국내 소비자단체의 소비자 불매운동 활성화가 필요하다. 소비자불매권은 소비자의 권익 증진을 도모하기 위한 권리라는 점에서 소비자의 자기결정권 측면만으로는 설명되기 부족하며, 소비자의 사회적 기본권의 관점에서 파악되어야 한다. 소비자불매운동은 소비자불매권의 현실적 행사 형태로서, 소비자불매권의 사회적 기본권으로서의 지위를 고려하여 국가에 의해 적극적으로 보장될 필요가 있다. 또한 소비자불매운동은 개별 소비자가 아닌 소비자단체에 의해 주도 될 때 파급력과 지속력을 가지기 때문에 소비자단체의 소비자불매운동에 대한 국가의 적극적 보장이 요청된다. 그럼에도 국내 법원은 그러한 점에도 불구하고 민·형사상으로 소비자불매운동 합법성 범위를 축소 판단하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 「소비자기본법」 에서도 소비자불매운동에 대한 보장이 미비하고 소비자불매운동의 주체인 소비자단체의 활동에 제약이 될 수 있는 규정들이 존재한다. 이에 본고는 사회적 기본권으로서의 소비자불매운 동권을 소비자의 기본권으로 명문화하고, 소비자불매운동의 주체인 소비자단체의 자유로운 결성 및 소비자불매운동을 보장하며, 소비자불매운동의 결과로 인해 개별 소비자 또는 소비자단체가 민·형사상 책임을 부담하지 않도록 하는 면책조항을 두는 개정안을 제시 하였다. In order to protect consumers’ rights and interests, consumer boycott campaigns leading by consumer organizations shall be legally guaranteed by revision of ‘Framework Act On Consumer’. It is needed to highlight Consumers’ right to boycott as a social right, not only as a consumers’ right of self determination. When consumers’ right to boycott is regarded as a social right, consumer boycott campaigns, as a collective action of consumer organizations, are required to be legally guaranteed. However, the judiciary has been reluctant to consider consumer boycott campaigns legitimate. Moreover, the current Act hardly guarantees consumer boycott campaigns and there are articles which can restrict consumer organizations leading them. This study suggests revision of the Act in a way of vitalizing consumer organizations and their boycott campaigns and inserting exemption articles in order not to hold civil or criminal liability when it comes to consumer boycott campaigns.

소비자불매운동의 현실적 활성화 필요성

김희윤 ( Hee Yun Kim ) 경희대학교 법학연구소 2016 KHU 글로벌 기업법무 리뷰 Vol.9 No.1

소비자의 권익 향상을 위하여 「소비자기본볍」 개정을 통한 국내 소비자단체의 소비자불매운동 활성화가 필요하다. 소비자불매권은 소비자의 권익 증진을 도모하기 위한 권리라는 점에서 소비자의 자기결정권 측면만으로는 설명되기 부족하며, 소비자의 사회적 기본권의 관점에서 파악되어야 한다. 소비자불매운동은 소비자불매권의 현실적 행사 형태로서, 소비자불매권의 사회적 기본권으로서의 지위를 고려하여 국가에 의해 적극적으로 보장될 필요가 있다. 또한 소비자불매운동은 개별 소비자가 아닌 소비자단체에 의해 주도 될 때 파급력과 지속력을 가지기 때문에 소비자단체의 소비자불매운동에 대한 국가의 적극적 보장이 요청된다. 그럼에도 국내 법원은 그러한 점에도 불구하고 민·형사상으로 소비자불매운동 합법성 범위를 축소 판단하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 「소비자기본법」에서도 소비자불매운동에 대한 보장이 미비하고 소비자불매운동의 주체인 소비자단체의 활동에 제약에 될 수 있는 규정들이 존재한다. 이에 본고는 사회적 기본권으로서의 소비자불매운동권을 소비자의 기본권으로 명문화하고 소비자불매운동의 주체인 소비자단체의 자유로운 결성 및 소비자볼매운동을 보장하며, 소비자불매운동의 결과로 인해 개별 소비자 또는 소비자단체가 민·형사상 책임을 부담하지 않도록 하는 면책조항을 두는 개정안을 제시 하였다. In order to protect consumers` rights and interests, consumer boycott campaigns leading by consumer organizations shall be legally guaranteed by revision of ``Framework Act On Consumer``. It is needed to highlight Consumers` right to boycott as a social right, not only as a consumers` right of self determination. When consumers` right to boycott is regarded as a social right, consumer boycott campaigns, as a collective action of consumer organizations, are required to be legally guaranteed. However, the judiciary has been reluctant to consider consumer boycott campaigns legitimate. Moreover, the current Act hardly guarantees consumer boycott campaigns and there are articles which can restrict consumer organizations leading them. This study suggests revision of the Act in a way of vitalizing consumer organizations and their boycott campaigns and inserting exemption articles in order not to hold civil or criminal liability when it comes to consumer boycott campaigns.

24-36개월 아동의 조음 변이성 연구

김희윤(Hee Yun Kim),하승희(Seung hee Ha) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.2

배경 및 목적: 24-36개월 아동의 단어 변이성과 음소 변이성을 자발화 상황에서 측정하여, 아동의 월령 집단 간 차이 비교를 통해 초기 음운 발달과정 중에 나타나는 조음 변이성의 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 24-30개월과 31-36개월 일반아동 각 11명씩 총 22명의 자발화를 수집하여 단어 변이성, 음소 변이성, 자음정확도, 자음목록수를 구하였다. 자발화 수준에서 단어 변이성은 어절 단위로 분석하였고, 정조음과 조음오류를 모두 포함하여 단어 및 음소 변이성을 측정하였다. 두 월령 집단 간에 단어 변이성, 음소 변이성에서 차이가 유의한지 분석하였고, 단어 변이성 및 음소 변이성과 자음정확도 및 자음목록수 간에 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 결과: 30분간 아동이 산출한 발화를 기준으로 단어 변이성을 살펴보면 2세 전반에는 2회 이상 산출한 어절 중 51.55%가 다양한 형태로 산출되다가 2세 후반에는 36.45%로 단어 변이성이 감소하였다. 음소 변이성을 살펴보면 2세 전반에는 아동의 자음목록 중 69%의 음소가 다양한 형태로 산출되다가 2세 후반에는 52.45%로 음소 변이성이 감소하였다. 단어 변이성과 음소 변이성은 모두 자음정확도와 자음목록수 간에 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 논의 및 결론: 2세에 음운습득이 비약적으로 이루어지면서 안정적이고 일관된 조음 패턴을 나타낸다는 조음 특성을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구결과는 말소리 발달지연 아동이나 비일관적인 음운 장애를 보이는 아동의 조음 변이성 정도를 보다 객관적으로 비교하고 평가하는 데 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the articulatory variability of word and phoneme production on spontaneous utterance samples in typically developing children age 24 to 36 months. Methods: Speech samples were collected from 11 children age 24 to 30 months and 11 children age 31 to 36 months. Word variability, phoneme variability, percentage of consonants correct (PCC), and consonant inventory were measured. Eojeol was a basic unit for analysis of word variability. Both correct articulations and error productions were in-cluded for the variability analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate whether word and phoneme variability measures were different between the two age groups and if there were relationships between articulatory variability measures and PCC and conso-nant inventory. Results: For the children age 24 to 30 months, 51.55% of Eojeols which were produced more than twice showed variable productions and 69% of consonants in the consonant inventory showed variability. For children age 31 to 36 months, word vari-ability and phoneme variability were 36.45% and 52.45%, respectively. Both variability measures showed significantly negative correlation with PCC and consonant inventory. Conclusion: This study suggests that 2-year-old children show progressively stable and consistent articulation patterns along with phonological acquisition. The results of this study have implications for evaluating the degree of articulatory variability in children who have inconsistent phonological disorders or childhood apraxia of speech.

유세포분석기를 이용한 말초혈액에서의 소핵시험

김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),염영나 ( Young Na Yum ),김희윤 ( Hee Yun Kim ),김경아 ( Kyong A Kim ),김지은 ( Jee Eun Kim ),박순희 ( Sue Nie Park ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2010 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The micronucleus assay is the most widely utilized in vivo system for evaluating chemicals potential to induce chromosome breaks or to poison mitotic spindle apparatus. The bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay is widely used for regulatory studies conducted to evaluate the potential for induction of chromosomal damage or chromosome loss due to exposure to drugs, food additives, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other products. Peripheral blood reticulocytes(RET) have been accepted as an appropriate target for micronucleus (MN) assessment for both acute and cumulative damage. However, there is a problem when using rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, since the rat spleen selectively removes MN-RET from the circulation. The development of automated flow cytometric(FCM), anti-CD71-based methods for evaluating micronucleus frequencies in reticulocytes has great potential for improving the sensitivity, reproducibility, and throughput of the traditional in vivo rodent MN assay that uses microscopy-based methods. There were some validation studies of the FCM evaluation methods in many species. For instance it has been demonstrated that for mice, rats, dogs, monkey, and humans. Although spleen-dependent reduction in circulating MN-RET frequency resulting from genotoxic exposures attenuates the magnitude of MN-RET frequencies in peripheral blood relative to that in bone marrow, the analytical and statistical advantages of the FCM measurement in peripheral blood more than offset the higher frequencies observed for bone marrow smears analyzed. In addition to the analytical advantages of the FCM method, the ready accessibility of the small blood samples required for the FCM assay make possible the integration of the MN frequency assessment with routine toxicology studies. It is not necessary to conduct separate in vivo studies for the purpose of evaluating the potential for chromosomal damage in rodent bone marrow but that more reliable information can be obtained by FCM analysis of peripheral blood samples obtained from rodent studies during the course of routine toxicological evaluations.

연구논문 : 유세포분석기를 이용한 말초혈액에서의 소핵시험

김주환 ( Joo Hwan Kim ),염영나 ( Young Na Yum ),김희윤 ( Hee Yun Kim ),김경아 ( Kyong A Kim ),김지은 ( Jee Eun Kim ),박순희 ( Sue Nie Park ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2010 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The micronucleus assay is the most widely utilized in vivo system for evaluating chemicals potential to induce chromosome breaks or to poison mitotic spindle apparatus. The bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay is widely used for regulatory studies conducted to evaluate the potential for induction of chromosomal damage or chromosome loss due to exposure to drugs, food additives, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other products. Peripheral blood reticulocytes(RET) have been accepted as an appropriate target for micronucleus (MN) assessment for both acute and cumulative damage. However, there is a problem when using rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, since the rat spleen selectively removes MN-RET from the circulation. The development of automated flow cytometric(FCM), anti-CD71-based methods for evaluating micronucleus frequencies in reticulocytes has great potential for improving the sensitivity, reproducibility, and throughput of the traditional in vivo rodent MN assay that uses microscopy-based methods. There were some validation studies of the FCM evaluation methods in many species. For instance it has been demonstrated that for mice, rats, dogs, monkey, and humans. Although spleen-dependent reduction in circulating MN-RET frequency resulting from genotoxic exposures attenuates the magnitude of MN-RET frequencies in peripheral blood relative to that in bone marrow, the analytical and statistical advantages of the FCM measurement in peripheral blood more than offset the higher frequencies observed for bone marrow smears analyzed. In addition to the analytical advantages of the FCM method, the ready accessibility of the small blood samples required for the FCM assay make possible the integration of the MN frequency assessment with routine toxicology studies. It is not necessary to conduct separate in vivo studies for the purpose of evaluating the potential for chromosomal damage in rodent bone marrow but that more reliable information can be obtained by FCM analysis of peripheral blood samples obtained from rodent studies during the course of routine toxicological evaluations.

부유형 해양 광생물반응기를 이용한 자외선과 초기 미세조류 접종 농도와의 상관관계 규명

김지훈,박한울,정성균,김수권,김희윤,박용성,홍한마루,이철균,Kim, Z-Hun,Park, Hanwool,Jung, Seong-Gyun,Kim, Su-Kwon,Kim, Hee-Yun,Park, Yong Sung,Hong, Han Ma Roo,Lee, Choul-Gyun 한국해양바이오학회 2015 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between ultraviolet radiation and initial cell density (ICD) of microalgae using a floating marine photobioreactor (PBR). To examine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight on biomass productivity as a function of ICD, 0.5-L floating PBRs covered with or without UV cut-off film were placed in an outdoor rectangular tank containing 200 L of water. At the lower ICDs, 0.01 and 0.05 g/L, biomass productivities in the PBRs without UV cut-off film decreased by $278{\pm}21%$ and $222{\pm}3%$ compared with those with the film, respectively. In contrast, the presence of UV cut-off film did not have a significant effect on biomass productivities at the higher ICDs, 0.25 and 1.25 g/L. When the differences in biomass productivity made by the UV cut-off film were plotted against the sum of cell projection area per light receiving area of the PBR, the results revealed that the inhibitory effect of UV on biomass productivity can be negligible when the sum of cell projection area is equal to the light receiving area of the PBR. These results show that photoinhibition caused by UV radiation could be eliminated via operating the PBR with a proper ICD.